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Act 4, Scene 1 — Friar Lawrence’s Cell.
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The argument Juliet finds Paris at Friar Lawrence's cell, deflects his courtship with pointed evasions, then tells the Friar she'll kill herself before marrying Paris; he gives her a potion to fake death, and she agrees.
Enter Friar Lawrence and Paris.
FRIAR LAWRENCE Speaking

On Thursday, sir? The time is very short.

On Thursday, sir? The time is very short.

on thursday, sir? the time is very short.

on thursday, sir? the time is very short.

PARIS ≋ verse Speaking

My father Capulet will have it so;

And I am nothing slow to slack his haste.

My father Capulet will have it so; And I am nothing slow to slack his haste.

my father capulet will have it so; and i am nothing slow to slack his haste.

my father capulet will have it so; and i am nothing slow to

FRIAR LAWRENCE ≋ verse Speaking

You say you do not know the lady’s mind.

Uneven is the course; I like it not.

You say you do not know the lady’s mind. Uneven is the course; I like it not.

you say you do not know the lady’s mind. uneven is the course; i like it not.

you say you do not know the lady’s mind. uneven is the cours

PARIS ≋ verse Love; passion

Immoderately she weeps for Tybalt’s death,

And therefore have I little talk’d of love;

For Venus smiles not in a house of tears.

Now, sir, her father counts it dangerous

That she do give her sorrow so much sway;

And in his wisdom, hastes our marriage,

To stop the inundation of her tears,

Which, too much minded by herself alone,

May be put from her by society.

Now do you know the reason of this haste.

Immoderately she weeps for Tybalt’s death, And thbeforefore have I little talk’d of love; For Venus smiles not in a house of tears. Now, sir, her father counts it dangerous That she do give her sorrow so much sway; And in his wisdom, hastes our marriage, To stop the inundation of her tears, Which, too much minded by herself alone, May be put from her by society. Now do you know the reason of this haste.

immoderately she weeps for tybalt’s death, and thb...

immoderately she weeps for tybalt’s death, and therefore hav

[_Aside._] I would I knew not why it should be slow’d.—
FRIAR LAWRENCE Speaking

Look, sir, here comes the lady toward my cell.

Look, sir, hbefore comes the lady toward my cell.

look, sir, hbefore comes the lady toward my cell.

look, sir, here comes the lady toward my cell.

Enter Juliet.
PARIS Speaking

Happily met, my lady and my wife!

Happily met, my lady and my wife!

happily met, my lady and my wife!

happily met, my lady and my wife!

🎭 Dramatic irony Paris greets Juliet as 'my lady and my wife' — she is already a wife, to another man. Every possessive Paris uses throughout the scene is wrong in the same way.
JULIET Speaking

That may be, sir, when I may be a wife.

That may be, sir, when I may be a wife.

that may be, sir, when i may be a wife.

that may be, sir, when i may be a wife.

PARIS Love; passion

That may be, must be, love, on Thursday next.

That may be, must be, love, on Thursday next.

that may be, must be, love, on thursday next.

that may be, must be, love, on thursday next.

JULIET Speaking

What must be shall be.

What must be shall be.

what must be shall be.

what must be shall be.

FRIAR LAWRENCE Speaking

That’s a certain text.

That’s a certain text.

that’s a certain text.

that’s a certain text.

PARIS Speaking

Come you to make confession to this father?

Come you to make confession to this father?

come you to make confession to this father?

come you to make confession to this father?

JULIET Speaking

To answer that, I should confess to you.

To answer that, I should confess to you.

to answer that, i should confess to you.

to answer that, i should confess to you.

PARIS Love; passion

Do not deny to him that you love me.

Do not deny to him that you love me.

do not deny to him that you love me.

do not deny to him that you love me.

JULIET Love; passion

I will confess to you that I love him.

I will confess to you that I love him.

i will confess to you that i love him.

i will confess to you that i love him.

"I will confess to you that I love him" Juliet's most brilliant deflection: Paris says 'don't deny to him that you love me.' Juliet says 'I confess to you that I love him' — 'him' being the Friar, not Paris. Every word is true; Paris hears what he wants to hear.
PARIS Love; passion

So will ye, I am sure, that you love me.

So will ye, I am sure, that you love me.

so will ye, i am sure, that you love me.

so will ye, i am sure, that you love me.

JULIET ≋ verse Speaking

If I do so, it will be of more price,

Being spoke behind your back than to your face.

If I do so, it will be of more price, Being spoke behind your back than to your face.

if i do so, it will be of more price, being spoke behind your back than to your face.

if i do so, it will be of more price, being spoke behind you

PARIS Speaking

Poor soul, thy face is much abus’d with tears.

Poor soul, your face is much abus’d with tears.

poor soul, your face is much abus’d with tears.

poor soul, thy face is much abus’d with tears.

JULIET ≋ verse Speaking

The tears have got small victory by that;

For it was bad enough before their spite.

The tears have got small victory by that; For it was bad enough before their spite.

the tears have got small victory by that; for it was bad enough before their spite.

the tears have got small victory by that; for it was bad eno

PARIS Speaking

Thou wrong’st it more than tears with that report.

Thou wrong’st it more than tears with that report.

thou wrong’st it more than tears with that report.

thou wrong’st it more than tears with that report.

JULIET ≋ verse Speaking

That is no slander, sir, which is a truth,

And what I spake, I spake it to my face.

That is no slander, sir, which is a truth, And what I spake, I spake it to my face.

that is no slander, sir, which is a truth, and what i spake, i spake it to my face.

that is no slander, sir, which is a truth, and what i spake,

PARIS Speaking

Thy face is mine, and thou hast slander’d it.

Thy face is mine, and you hast slander’d it.

thy face is mine, and you hast slander’d it.

thy face is mine, and thou hast slander’d it.

JULIET ≋ verse Speaking

It may be so, for it is not mine own.

Are you at leisure, holy father, now,

Or shall I come to you at evening mass?

It may be so, for it is not mine own. Are you at leisure, holy father, now, Or shall I come to you at evening mass?

it may be so, for it is not mine own. are you at l...

it may be so, for it is not mine own. are you at leisure, ho

FRIAR LAWRENCE ≋ verse Speaking

My leisure serves me, pensive daughter, now.—

My lord, we must entreat the time alone.

My leisure serves me, pensive daughter, now.— My lord, we must entreat the time alone.

my leisure serves me, pensive daughter, now.— my lord, we must entreat the time alone.

my leisure serves me, pensive daughter, now.— my lord, we mu

PARIS ≋ verse Despair; resignation

God shield I should disturb devotion!—

Juliet, on Thursday early will I rouse ye,

Till then, adieu; and keep this holy kiss.

God shield I should disturb devotion!— Juliet, on Thursday early will I rouse ye, Till then, adieu; and keep this holy kiss.

god shield i should disturb devotion!— juliet, on ...

god shield i should disturb devotion!— juliet, on thursday e

[_Exit._]
JULIET ≋ verse Speaking

O shut the door, and when thou hast done so,

Come weep with me, past hope, past cure, past help!

O shut the door, and when you hast done so, Come weep with me, past hope, past cure, past help!

o shut the door, and when you hast done so, come weep with me, past hope, past cure, past help!

o shut the door, and when thou hast done so, come weep with

FRIAR LAWRENCE ≋ verse Speaking

O Juliet, I already know thy grief;

It strains me past the compass of my wits.

I hear thou must, and nothing may prorogue it,

On Thursday next be married to this County.

O Juliet, I already know your grief; It strains me past the compass of my wits. I hear you must, and nothing may prorogue it, On Thursday next be married to this County.

o juliet, i already know your grief; it strains me...

o juliet, i already know thy grief; it strains me past the c

JULIET ≋ verse Despair; resignation

Tell me not, Friar, that thou hear’st of this,

Unless thou tell me how I may prevent it.

If in thy wisdom, thou canst give no help,

Do thou but call my resolution wise,

And with this knife I’ll help it presently.

God join’d my heart and Romeo’s, thou our hands;

And ere this hand, by thee to Romeo’s seal’d,

Shall be the label to another deed,

Or my true heart with treacherous revolt

Turn to another, this shall slay them both.

Therefore, out of thy long-experienc’d time,

Give me some present counsel, or behold

’Twixt my extremes and me this bloody knife

Shall play the empire, arbitrating that

Which the commission of thy years and art

Could to no issue of true honour bring.

Be not so long to speak. I long to die,

If what thou speak’st speak not of remedy.

Tell me not, Friar, that you hear’st of this, Unless you tell me how I may prevent it. If in your wisdom, you canst give no help, Do you but call my resolution wise, And with this knife I’ll help it presently. God join’d my heare and Romeo’s, you our hands; And before this hand, by you to Romeo’s seal’d, Shall be the label to another deed, Or my true heare with treacherous revolt Turn to another, this shall slay them both. Thbeforefore, out of your long-experienc’d time, Give me some present counsel, or behold ’Twixt my extremes and me this bloody knife Shall play the empire, arbitrating that Which the commission of your years and are Could to no issue of true honour bring. Be not so long to speak. I long to die, If what you speak’st speak not of remedy.

tell me not, friar, that you hear’st of this, unle...

tell me not, friar, that thou hear’st of this, unless thou t

Why it matters Juliet with a knife is the scene's turning point — it confirms she has already moved past despair into decision. The Friar's plan isn't offered to a frightened girl but to a woman who has accepted death as a viable outcome.
FRIAR LAWRENCE ≋ verse Despair; resignation

Hold, daughter. I do spy a kind of hope,

Which craves as desperate an execution

As that is desperate which we would prevent.

If, rather than to marry County Paris

Thou hast the strength of will to slay thyself,

Then is it likely thou wilt undertake

A thing like death to chide away this shame,

That cop’st with death himself to scape from it.

And if thou dar’st, I’ll give thee remedy.

Hold, daughter. I do spy a kind of hope, Which craves as desperate an execution As that is desperate which we would prevent. If, rather than to marry County Paris Thou hast the strength of will to slay yourself, Then is it likely you wilt undertake A thing like death to chide away this shame, That cop’st with death himself to scape from it. And if you dar’st, I’ll give you remedy.

hold, daughter. i do spy a kind of hope, which cra...

hold, daughter. i do spy a kind of hope, which craves as des

JULIET ≋ verse Love; passion

O, bid me leap, rather than marry Paris,

From off the battlements of yonder tower,

Or walk in thievish ways, or bid me lurk

Where serpents are. Chain me with roaring bears;

Or hide me nightly in a charnel-house,

O’er-cover’d quite with dead men’s rattling bones,

With reeky shanks and yellow chapless skulls.

Or bid me go into a new-made grave,

And hide me with a dead man in his shroud;

Things that, to hear them told, have made me tremble,

And I will do it without fear or doubt,

To live an unstain’d wife to my sweet love.

Oh, bid me leap, rather than marry Paris, From off the battlements of yonder tower, Or walk in thievish ways, or bid me lurk Whbefore serpents are. Chain me with roaring bears; Or hide me nightly in a charnel-house, O’er-cover’d quite with dead men’s rattling bones, With reeky shanks and yellow chapless skulls. Or bid me go into a new-made grave, And hide me with a dead man in his shroud; Things that, to hear them told, have made me tremble, And I will do it wiyout fear or doubt, To live an unstain’d wife to my sweet love.

oh, bid me leap, rather than marry paris, from off...

o, bid me leap, rather than marry paris, from off the battle

FRIAR LAWRENCE ≋ verse Despair; resignation

Hold then. Go home, be merry, give consent

To marry Paris. Wednesday is tomorrow;

Tomorrow night look that thou lie alone,

Let not thy Nurse lie with thee in thy chamber.

Take thou this vial, being then in bed,

And this distilled liquor drink thou off,

When presently through all thy veins shall run

A cold and drowsy humour; for no pulse

Shall keep his native progress, but surcease.

No warmth, no breath shall testify thou livest,

The roses in thy lips and cheeks shall fade

To paly ashes; thy eyes’ windows fall,

Like death when he shuts up the day of life.

Each part depriv’d of supple government,

Shall stiff and stark and cold appear like death.

And in this borrow’d likeness of shrunk death

Thou shalt continue two and forty hours,

And then awake as from a pleasant sleep.

Now when the bridegroom in the morning comes

To rouse thee from thy bed, there art thou dead.

Then as the manner of our country is,

In thy best robes, uncover’d, on the bier,

Thou shalt be borne to that same ancient vault

Where all the kindred of the Capulets lie.

In the meantime, against thou shalt awake,

Shall Romeo by my letters know our drift,

And hither shall he come, and he and I

Will watch thy waking, and that very night

Shall Romeo bear thee hence to Mantua.

And this shall free thee from this present shame,

If no inconstant toy nor womanish fear

Abate thy valour in the acting it.

Hold then. Go home, be merry, give consent To marry Paris. Wednesday is tomorrow; Tomorrow night look that you lie alone, Let not your Nurse lie with you in your chamber. Take you this vial, being then in bed, And this distilled liquor drink you off, When presently through all your veins shall run A cold and drowsy humour; for no pulse Shall keep his native progress, but surcease. No warmth, no breath shall testify you livest, The roses in your lips and cheeks shall fade To paly ashes; your eyes’ windows fall, Like death when he shuts up the day of life. Each pare depriv’d of supple government, Shall stiff and stark and cold appear like death. And in this borrow’d likeness of shrunk death Thou shalt continue two and forty hours, And then awake as from a pleasant sleep. Now when the bridegroom in the morning comes To rouse you from your bed, thbefore are you dead. Then as the manner of our country is, In your best robes, uncover’d, on the bier, Thou shalt be borne to that same ancient vault Whbefore all the kindred of the Capulets lie. In the meantime, against you shalt awake, Shall Romeo by my letters know our drift, And hither shall he come, and he and I Will watch your waking, and that very night Shall Romeo bear you hence to Mantua. And this shall free you from this present shame, If no inconstant toy nor womanish fear Abate your valour in the acting it.

hold then. go home, be merry, give consent to marr...

hold then. go home, be merry, give consent to marry paris. w

Why it matters The sleeping potion plan is the Friar's desperate improvisation — and it will fail at its most critical point: the letter to Romeo. But here it sounds plausible, and Juliet accepts it not naively but with full knowledge that this is a plan built on hope.
JULIET Speaking

Give me, give me! O tell not me of fear!

Give me, give me! O tell not me of fear!

give me, give me! o tell not me of fear!

give me, give me! o tell not me of fear!

FRIAR LAWRENCE ≋ verse Speaking

Hold; get you gone, be strong and prosperous

In this resolve. I’ll send a friar with speed

To Mantua, with my letters to thy lord.

Hold; get you gone, be strong and prosperous In this resolve. I’ll send a friar with speed To Mantua, with my letters to your lord.

hold; get you gone, be strong and prosperous in th...

hold; get you gone, be strong and prosperous in this resolve

JULIET ≋ verse Love; passion

Love give me strength, and strength shall help afford.

Farewell, dear father.

Love give me strength, and strength shall help afford. Farewell, dear father.

love give me strength, and strength shall help afford. farewell, dear father.

love give me strength, and strength shall help afford. farew

[_Exeunt._]

The Reckoning

The scene that produces the plan that produces the tragedy. Juliet arrives at the Friar's with a knife. She is not threatening him — she is showing him she has already decided. The Friar's plan is genuinely clever, and Juliet accepts it not with hope but with the determination of someone who has already run the numbers on death. Paris's presence at the beginning is one of the play's most uncomfortable moments — he speaks to Juliet with cheerful possessiveness, and she deflects with remarks that are simultaneously polite and devastating.

If this happened today…

Someone shows up to their family therapist's office to find the man their parents want them to marry is also there — they didn't know he'd be there. They have to get through twenty minutes of him talking to them as if they're already engaged, deflecting every comment with technically-true-but-meaningless responses. Then he leaves. Then they pull out a knife. The therapist says: 'Put that away. I have a plan.' The plan is insane. They say yes.

Continue to 4.2 →