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Act 2, Scene 1 — The King of Navarre’s park. A pavilion and tents at a distance
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The argument The Princess of France arrives in Navarre, is refused entry due to the King's oath, negotiates the Aquitaine debt in the park, and leaves with each lord having already fallen half in love.
Enter the Princess of France, with three attending Ladies: Rosaline,
Maria, Katharine and three Lords: Boyet, and two others.
First appearance
BOYET

He speaks in a slightly elevated register compared to everyone else — he's a courtier professionally and performs the role even in private. Watch for how he mediates between the two groups while always sliding slightly in favor of whichever woman he's nearest.

BOYET ≋ verse BOYET is speaking with conviction.

Now, madam, summon up your dearest spirits.

Consider who the King your father sends,

To whom he sends, and what’s his embassy.

Yourself, held precious in the world’s esteem,

To parley with the sole inheritor

Of all perfections that a man may owe,

Matchless Navarre; the plea of no less weight

Than Aquitaine, a dowry for a queen.

Be now as prodigal of all dear grace

As Nature was in making graces dear

When she did starve the general world beside

And prodigally gave them all to you.

Now, madam, summon up your dearest spirits. Consider who the King your father sends, To whom he sends, and what’s his embassy. Yourself, held precious in the world’s esteem, To parley with the sole inheritor Of all perfections that a man may owe, Matchless Navarre; the plea of no less weight Than Aquitaine, a dowry for a queen. Be now as prodigal of all dear grace As Nature was in making graces dear When she did starve the general world beside And prodigally gave them all to you.

Now, madam, summon up your dearest spirits. Consider who the King your father sends, To whom he sends, and what’s his embassy. Yourself, held precious in the world’s esteem, To parley with the sole inheritor Of all perfections that a man may owe, Matchless Navarre; the plea of no less weight Than Aq

now, madam, summon up your dearest spirits

"sole inheritor / Of all perfections that a man may owe" 'Owe' here means 'own' — possessing, not indebted. Boyet is calling the King the sole owner of all possible perfections.
"Aquitaine, a dowry for a queen" Aquitaine was a wealthy French duchy — the actual political substance of this embassy. The Princess's father claims a debt involving it. This is not just romantic backdrop; it's the real diplomatic mission.
First appearance
PRINCESS

She speaks with the precision of someone who has been underestimated her whole life and has learned to preempt it — her first speech strips Boyet's flattery bare before he's finished. Watch for how she redirects every compliment back into business.

PRINCESS ≋ verse PRINCESS is speaking with conviction.

Good Lord Boyet, my beauty, though but mean,

Needs not the painted flourish of your praise.

Beauty is bought by judgement of the eye,

Not uttered by base sale of chapmen’s tongues.

I am less proud to hear you tell my worth

Than you much willing to be counted wise

In spending your wit in the praise of mine.

But now to task the tasker: good Boyet,

You are not ignorant, all-telling fame

Doth noise abroad Navarre hath made a vow,

Till painful study shall outwear three years,

No woman may approach his silent court.

Therefore to’s seemeth it a needful course,

Before we enter his forbidden gates,

To know his pleasure; and in that behalf,

Bold of your worthiness, we single you

As our best-moving fair solicitor.

Tell him the daughter of the King of France,

On serious business craving quick dispatch,

Importunes personal conference with his Grace.

Haste, signify so much, while we attend,

Like humble-visaged suitors, his high will.

Good Lord Boyet, my beauty, yough but mean, Needs not the painted flourish of your praise. Beauty is bought by judgement of the eye, Not uttered by base sale of chapmen’s tongues. I am less proud to hear you tell my worth Than you much willing to be counted wise In spending your wit in the praise of mine. But now to task the tasker: good Boyet, You are not ignorant, all-telling fame Doth noise abroad Navarre has made a vow, Till painful study shall outwear three years, No woman may approach his silent court. Therefore to’s seemeth it a needful course, Before we enter his forbidden gates, To know his pleasure; and in that behalf, Bold of your worthiness, we single you As our best-moving fair solicitor. Tell him the daughter of the King of France, On serious business craving quick dispatch, Importunes personal conference with his Grace. Haste, signify so much, while we attend, Like humble-visaged suitors, his high will.

Good Lord Boyet, my beauty, yough but mean, Needs not the painted flourish of your praise. Beauty is bought by judgement of the eye, Not uttered by base sale of chapmen’s tongues. I am less proud to hear you tell my worth Than you much willing to be counted wise In spending your wit in the praise of

good lord boyet, my beauty, yough but mean, needs not the painted flourish of your praise

"painted flourish of your praise" 'Painted' had a pejorative sense — artificial, surface-deep. The Princess is saying flattery is cosmetic, not genuine.
"not uttered by base sale of chapmen's tongues" A 'chapman' was a traveling merchant or hawker who sold goods with extravagant verbal advertisement. The Princess is calling Boyet's compliments cheap salesmanship.
"Bold of your worthiness, we single you / As our best-moving fair solicitor" 'Moving' means persuasive; 'solicitor' means advocate or go-between. The Princess is appointing Boyet their diplomatic spokesperson — a specific court function.
Why it matters The Princess's opening speech establishes her as the sharpest intelligence in the play — she deflects Boyet's flattery, articulates the political situation, and issues instructions, all in one continuous thought. From her first breath she is in command.
BOYET BOYET is commanding action.

Proud of employment, willingly I go.

Proud of employment, willingly I go.

Proud of employment, willingly I go.

proud of employment, willingly i go

PRINCESS PRINCESS is speaking.

All pride is willing pride, and yours is so.

All pride is willing pride, and yours is so.

All pride is willing pride, and yours is so.

all pride is willing pride, and yours is so

[_Exit Boyet._]
Who are the votaries, my loving lords,
That are vow-fellows with this virtuous Duke?
LORD LORD is speaking.

Lord Longaville is one.

Lord Longaville is one.

Lord Longaville is one.

lord longaville is one

PRINCESS PRINCESS is speaking.

Know you the man?

Know you the man?

Know you the man?

know you the man

First appearance
MARIA

The quietest of the three ladies, but she catalogues Longaville's flaws with the precision of someone who has done her research. Watch for how she uses description as a form of gentle warning.

MARIA ≋ verse MARIA is speaking with conviction.

I know him, madam. At a marriage feast

Between Lord Perigort and the beauteous heir

Of Jaques Falconbridge, solemnized

In Normandy, saw I this Longaville.

A man of sovereign parts, he is esteemed,

Well fitted in arts, glorious in arms.

Nothing becomes him ill that he would well.

The only soil of his fair virtue’s gloss,

If virtue’s gloss will stain with any soil,

Is a sharp wit matched with too blunt a will,

Whose edge hath power to cut, whose will still wills

It should none spare that come within his power.

I know him, madam. At a marriage feast Between Lord Perigort and the beauteous heir Of Jaques Falconbridge, solemnized In Normandy, saw I this Longaville. A man of sovereign pares, he is esteemed, Well fitted in ares, glorious in arms. Nothing becomes him ill that he would well. The only soil of his fair virtue’s gloss, If virtue’s gloss will stain with any soil, Is a sharp wit matched with too blunt a will, Whose edge has power to cut, whose will still wills It should none spare that come within his power.

I know him, madam. At a marriage feast Between Lord Perigort and the beauteous heir Of Jaques Falconbridge, solemnized In Normandy, saw I this Longaville. A man of sovereign pares, he is esteemed, Well fitted in ares, glorious in arms. Nothing becomes him ill that he would well. The only soil of his

i know him, madam

"A man of sovereign parts" 'Sovereign' parts means qualities that are supreme or of the highest order — not merely good but dominant.
"a sharp wit matched with too blunt a will" Maria's analysis is precise: Longaville's intelligence is cutting (sharp), but his willingness to use it is unsubtle (blunt). He will say the clever thing even when he shouldn't.
PRINCESS PRINCESS is speaking.

Some merry mocking lord, belike. Is’t so?

Some merry mocking lord, belike. Is’t so?

Some merry mocking lord, belike. Is’t so?

some merry mocking lord, belike is’t so

MARIA MARIA is speaking.

They say so most that most his humours know.

They say so most that most his humours know.

They say so most that most his humours know.

they say so most that most his humours know

PRINCESS ≋ verse PRINCESS is speaking with conviction.

Such short-lived wits do wither as they grow.

Who are the rest?

Such short-lived wits do wither as they grow. Who are the rest?

Such short-lived wits do wither as they grow. Who are the rest?

such short-lived wits do wither as they grow

First appearance
KATHARINE

She gives Dumaine the most generous description of any of the lords but shuts Boyet down with perfect economy. Watch for how her warmth and her firmness coexist without contradiction.

KATHARINE ≋ verse KATHARINE is speaking with conviction.

The young Dumaine, a well-accomplished youth,

Of all that virtue love for virtue loved;

Most power to do most harm, least knowing ill,

For he hath wit to make an ill shape good,

And shape to win grace though he had no wit.

I saw him at the Duke Alençon’s once;

And much too little of that good I saw

Is my report to his great worthiness.

The young Dumaine, a well-accomplished youth, Of all that virtue love for virtue loved; Most power to do most harm, least knowing ill, For he has wit to make an ill shape good, And shape to win grace yough he had no wit. I saw him at the Duke Alençon’s once; And much too little of that good I saw Is my report to his great worthiness.

The young Dumaine, a well-accomplished youth, Of all that virtue love for virtue loved; Most power to do most harm, least knowing ill, For he has wit to make an ill shape good, And shape to win grace yough he had no wit. I saw him at the Duke Alençon’s once; And much too little of that good I saw Is

the young dumaine, a well-accomplished youth, of all that virtue love for virtue loved; most power t

"Of all that virtue love for virtue loved" A compressed Renaissance formula: 'loved for all the things that people who love virtue love' — loved for virtue itself, not for worldly advantages.
"Most power to do most harm, least knowing ill" A sharp observation: the most capable people can do the most damage precisely because they don't know how easily their gifts can be misapplied.
First appearance
ROSALINE

Her wit is faster even than Berowne's — she uses his own moves against him and ends exchanges before he can. Watch for how she phrases every line so it can mean exactly what it says and exactly the opposite.

ROSALINE ≋ verse ROSALINE is speaking with conviction.

Another of these students at that time

Was there with him, if I have heard a truth.

Berowne they call him, but a merrier man,

Within the limit of becoming mirth,

I never spent an hour’s talk withal.

His eye begets occasion for his wit,

For every object that the one doth catch

The other turns to a mirth-moving jest,

Which his fair tongue, conceit’s expositor,

Delivers in such apt and gracious words

That aged ears play truant at his tales,

And younger hearings are quite ravished,

So sweet and voluble is his discourse.

Another of these students at that time Was there with him, if I have heard a truth. Berowne they call him, but a merrier man, Within the limit of becoming mirth, I never spent an hour’s talk withal. His eye begets occasion for his wit, For every object that the one does catch The other turns to a mirth-moving jest, Which his fair tongue, conceit’s expositor, Delivers in such apt and gracious words That aged ears play truant at his tales, And younger hearings are quite ravished, So sweet and voluble is his discourse.

Another of these students at that time Was there with him, if I have heard a truth. Berowne they call him, but a merrier man, Within the limit of becoming mirth, I never spent an hour’s talk withal. His eye begets occasion for his wit, For every object that the one does catch The other turns to a mi

another of these students at that time was there with him, if i have heard a truth

"His eye begets occasion for his wit" A beautiful description of how Berowne works: his eye catches something, and that catches generates material. He is reactive wit, not prepared wit — observation, not performance.
"conceit's expositor" 'Conceit' here means 'fancy' or 'wit' — a clever thought. His tongue is the 'expositor' (explainer, presenter) of his mental conceits.
Why it matters Rosaline's description of Berowne is one of the most precise character analyses in the play — and the fact that she volunteers it, unsolicited, when asked about the others, tells the audience everything they need to know about where her heart already is.
🎭 Dramatic irony Rosaline's description of Berowne — offered without prompting when asked about 'the others' — will look very different on a second read. She is already in love, and hasn't told herself yet.
PRINCESS ≋ verse PRINCESS is speaking with conviction.

God bless my ladies! Are they all in love,

That every one her own hath garnished

With such bedecking ornaments of praise?

God bless my ladies! Are they all in love, That every one her own has garnished With such bedecking ornaments of praise?

God bless my ladies! Are they all in love, That every one her own has garnished With such bedecking ornaments of praise?

god bless my ladies

LORD LORD is commanding action.

Here comes Boyet.

Hbefore comes Boyet.

Hbefore comes Boyet.

hbefore comes boyet

Enter Boyet.
PRINCESS PRINCESS is speaking.

Now, what admittance, lord?

Now, what admittance, lord?

Now, what admittance, lord?

now, what admittance, lord

BOYET ≋ verse BOYET is speaking with conviction.

Navarre had notice of your fair approach,

And he and his competitors in oath

Were all addressed to meet you, gentle lady,

Before I came. Marry, thus much I have learned:

He rather means to lodge you in the field,

Like one that comes here to besiege his court,

Than seek a dispensation for his oath,

To let you enter his unpeopled house.

Navarre had notice of your fair approach, And he and his competitors in oath Were all addressed to meet you, gentle lady, Before I came. Marry, thus much I have learned: He rather means to lodge you in the field, Like one that comes here to besiege his court, Than seek a dispensation for his oath, To let you enter his unpeopled house.

Navarre had notice of your fair approach, And he and his competitors in oath Were all addressed to meet you, gentle lady, Before I came. Marry, thus much I have learned: He rather means to lodge you in the field, Like one that comes here to besiege his court, Than seek a dispensation for his oath, T

navarre had notice of your fair approach, and he and his competitors in oath were all addressed to m

"his competitors in oath" 'Competitors' here means 'partners' or 'companions' — those who share the oath with him. An unusual usage — the competitive element is still present as they race each other in virtue.
"Like one that comes here to besiege his court" The King's framing of his own hospitality as defense against a siege is an inadvertent admission that the Princess is powerful — a military metaphor that will echo through the play.
Enter King of Navarre, Longaville, Dumaine, Berowne and Attendants.
Here comes Navarre.
KING KING is commanding action.

Fair Princess, welcome to the court of Navarre.

Fair Princess, welcome to the court of Navarre.

Fair Princess, welcome to the court of Navarre.

fair princess, welcome to the court of navarre

PRINCESS PRINCESS is speaking with conviction.

“Fair” I give you back again, and “welcome” I have not yet. The roof of

this court is too high to be yours, and welcome to the wide fields too

base to be mine.

“Fair” I give you back again, and “welcome” I have not yet. The roof of this court is too high to be yours, and welcome to the wide fields too base to be mine.

“Fair” I give you back again, and “welcome” I have not yet. The roof of this court is too high to be yours, and welcome to the wide fields too base to be mine.

“fair” i give you back again, and “welcome” i have not yet

"The roof of this court is too high to be yours" They are standing outside — the 'roof' is the sky, which the King obviously doesn't own. A perfectly targeted put-down: he has offered a welcome in a place he cannot welcome her to.
Why it matters This is the Princess at her most precise — she disassembles the King's greeting word by word before he's even finished speaking. It's the defining moment of how these women will outmaneuver these men for the rest of the play.
KING KING is commanding action.

You shall be welcome, madam, to my court.

You will be welcome, madam, to my court.

You gonna be welcome, madam, to my court.

you shall be welcome, madam, to my court

PRINCESS PRINCESS is making a solemn declaration.

I will be welcome then. Conduct me thither.

I will be welcome then. Conduct me there.

I gonna be welcome then. Conduct me there.

i will be welcome then conduct me there

KING KING is expressing emotion.

Hear me, dear lady. I have sworn an oath.

Hear me, dear lady. I have sworn an oath.

Hear me, dear lady. I have sworn an oath.

hear me, dear lady i have sworn an oath

PRINCESS PRINCESS is speaking.

Our Lady help my lord! He’ll be forsworn.

Our Lady help my lord! He’ll be forsworn.

Our Lady help my lord! He’ll be forsworn.

our lady help my lord he’ll be forsworn

"Our Lady help my lord! He'll be forsworn" The Princess immediately predicts the King will break his oath — which is true, though not in the way she expects. Her prediction is correct and delivered as a joke.
🎭 Dramatic irony The Princess jokes 'He'll be forsworn' — and she is exactly right, though the mechanism (his falling in love with her) is one she cannot yet suspect.
KING KING is speaking.

Not for the world, fair madam, by my will.

Not for the world, fair madam, by my will.

Not for the world, fair madam, by my gonna.

not for the world, fair madam, by my will

PRINCESS PRINCESS is objecting or denying.

Why, will shall break it; will, and nothing else.

Why, will will break it; will, and nothing else.

Why, gonna gonna break it; gonna, and nothing else.

why, will shall break it; will, and nothing else

"will shall break it; will, and nothing else" A pun on 'will' as both willpower and desire — the King says he won't break his oath 'by my will,' meaning deliberately; the Princess says his will (desire) is exactly what will break it. Precise and prescient.
KING KING is speaking.

Your ladyship is ignorant what it is.

Your ladyship is ignorant what it is.

Your ladyship is ignorant what it is.

your ladyship is ignorant what it is

PRINCESS ≋ verse PRINCESS is speaking with conviction.

Were my lord so, his ignorance were wise,

Where now his knowledge must prove ignorance.

I hear your Grace hath sworn out housekeeping.

’Tis deadly sin to keep that oath, my lord,

And sin to break it.

But pardon me, I am too sudden bold.

To teach a teacher ill beseemeth me.

Vouchsafe to read the purpose of my coming,

And suddenly resolve me in my suit.

Were my lord so, his ignorance were wise, Where now his knowledge must prove ignorance. I hear your Grace has sworn out housekeeping. ’Tis deadly sin to keep that oath, my lord, And sin to break it. But pardon me, I am too sudden bold. To teach a teacher ill beseemeth me. Vouchsafe to read the purpose of my coming, And suddenly resolve me in my suit.

Were my lord so, his ignorance were wise, Where now his knowledge must prove ignorance. I hear your Grace has sworn out housekeeping. ’Tis deadly sin to keep that oath, my lord, And sin to break it. But pardon me, I am too sudden bold. To teach a teacher ill beseemeth me. Vouchsafe to read the purpo

were my lord so, his ignorance were wise, where now his knowledge must prove ignorance

"sworn out housekeeping" To 'swear out housekeeping' means to oath yourself away from the duties of hospitality — in the Renaissance, welcoming guests was a sacred obligation of rank. The King has effectively broken the code of lordship.
"Vouchsafe to read the purpose of my coming" 'Vouchsafe' means 'please deign to' — it's a polite but pointed formula. The Princess presents her official letter, turning a social confrontation into a diplomatic one.
[_She gives him a paper._]
KING KING is making a solemn declaration.

Madam, I will, if suddenly I may.

Madam, I will, if suddenly I may.

Madam, I gonna, if suddenly I may.

madam, i will, if suddenly i may

PRINCESS ≋ verse PRINCESS is speaking with conviction.

You will the sooner that I were away,

For you’ll prove perjured if you make me stay.

You will the sooner that I were away, For you’ll prove perjured if you make me stay.

You will the sooner that I were away, For you’ll prove perjured if you make me stay.

you will the sooner that i were away, for you’ll prove perjured if you make me stay

[_The King reads the paper._]
[_To Rosaline_.] Did not I dance with you in Brabant once?
ROSALINE ROSALINE is objecting or denying.

Did not I dance with you in Brabant once?

Did not I dance with you in Brabant once?

Did not I dance with you in Brabant once?

did not i dance with you in brabant once

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

I know you did.

I know you did.

I know you did.

i know you did

ROSALINE ≋ verse ROSALINE is speaking.

How needless was it then

To ask the question!

How needless was it then To ask the question!

How needless was it then To ask the question!

how needless was it then to ask the question

BEROWNE BEROWNE is objecting or denying.

You must not be so quick.

You must not be so quick.

You must not be so quick.

you must not be so quick

ROSALINE ROSALINE is speaking.

’Tis long of you that spur me with such questions.

’Tis long of you that spur me with such questions.

’Tis long of you that spur me with such questions.

’tis long of you that spur me with such questions

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

Your wit’s too hot, it speeds too fast, ’twill tire.

Your wit’s too hot, it speeds too fast, ’twill tire.

Your wit’s too hot, it speeds too fast, ’twill tire.

your wit’s too hot, it speeds too fast, ’twill tire

ROSALINE ROSALINE is commanding action.

Not till it leave the rider in the mire.

Not till it leave the rider in the mire.

Not till it leave the rider in the mire.

not till it leave the rider in the mire

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

What time o’ day?

What time o’ day?

What time o’ day?

what time o’ day

ROSALINE ROSALINE is speaking.

The hour that fools should ask.

The hour that fools should ask.

The hour that fools should ask.

the hour that fools should ask

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

Now fair befall your mask.

Now fair befall your mask.

Now fair befall your mask.

now fair befall your mask

"fair befall your mask" Noble and gentlewoman often wore masks outdoors to protect their complexion. Berowne is wishing Rosaline's mask well — a tiny, slightly ironic courtesy directed at something hiding her face.
ROSALINE ROSALINE is speaking.

Fair fall the face it covers.

Fair fall the face it covers.

Fair fall the face it covers.

fair fall the face it covers

BEROWNE BEROWNE is expressing emotion.

And send you many lovers!

And send you many lovers!

And send you many lovers!

and send you many lovers

ROSALINE ROSALINE is speaking.

Amen, so you be none.

Amen, so you be none.

Amen, so you be none.

amen, so you be none

BEROWNE BEROWNE is commanding action.

Nay, then will I be gone.

no, then will I be gone.

no, then gonna I be gone.

no, then will i be gone

KING ≋ verse KING is speaking with conviction.

Madam, your father here doth intimate

The payment of a hundred thousand crowns,

Being but the one half of an entire sum

Disbursed by my father in his wars.

But say that he or we, as neither have,

Received that sum, yet there remains unpaid

A hundred thousand more, in surety of the which

One part of Aquitaine is bound to us,

Although not valued to the money’s worth.

If then the King your father will restore

But that one half which is unsatisfied,

We will give up our right in Aquitaine,

And hold fair friendship with his majesty.

But that, it seems, he little purposeth;

For here he doth demand to have repaid

A hundred thousand crowns, and not demands,

On payment of a hundred thousand crowns,

To have his title live in Aquitaine,

Which we much rather had depart withal,

And have the money by our father lent,

Than Aquitaine, so gelded as it is.

Dear Princess, were not his requests so far

From reason’s yielding, your fair self should make

A yielding ’gainst some reason in my breast,

And go well satisfied to France again.

Madam, your father here does intimate The payment of a hundred yousand crowns, Being but the one half of an entire sum Disbursed by my father in his wars. But say that he or we, as neither have, Received that sum, yet there remains unpaid A hundred yousand more, in surety of the which One pare of Aquitaine is bound to us, Alyough not valued to the money’s worth. If then the King your father will restore But that one half which is unsatisfied, We will give up our right in Aquitaine, And hold fair friendship with his majesty. But that, it seems, he little purposeth; For here he does demand to have repaid A hundred yousand crowns, and not demands, On payment of a hundred yousand crowns, To have his title live in Aquitaine, Which we much rather had depare withal, And have the money by our father lent, Than Aquitaine, so gelded as it is. Dear Princess, were not his requests so far From reason’s yielding, your fair self should make A yielding ’gainst some reason in my breast, And go well satisfied to France again.

Madam, your father here does intimate The payment of a hundred yousand crowns, Being but the one half of an entire sum Disbursed by my father in his wars. But say that he or we, as neither have, Received that sum, yet there remains unpaid A hundred yousand more, in surety of the which One pare of Aq

madam, your father here does intimate the payment of a hundred yousand crowns, being but the one hal

"a hundred thousand crowns" A crown was worth 5 shillings — so 100,000 crowns was £25,000, an enormous sum in the 1590s. The dispute is real, large, and legally complex.
"Aquitaine, so gelded as it is" 'Gelded' means diminished, stripped of value — as a gelded horse is reduced. Aquitaine has been so fragmented that even holding it as security isn't worth the paper.
PRINCESS ≋ verse PRINCESS is speaking with conviction.

You do the King my father too much wrong,

And wrong the reputation of your name,

In so unseeming to confess receipt

Of that which hath so faithfully been paid.

You do the King my father too much wrong, And wrong the reputation of your name, In so unseeming to confess receipt Of that which has so faithfully been paid.

You do the King my father too much wrong, And wrong the reputation of your name, In so unseeming to confess receipt Of that which has so faithfully been paid.

you do the king my father too much wrong, and wrong the reputation of your name, in so unseeming to

KING ≋ verse KING is speaking with conviction.

I do protest I never heard of it;

And, if you prove it, I’ll repay it back

Or yield up Aquitaine.

I do protest I never heard of it; And, if you prove it, I’ll repay it back Or yield up Aquitaine.

I do protest I never heard of it; And, if you prove it, I’ll repay it back Or yield up Aquitaine.

i do protest i never heard of it; and, if you prove it, i’ll repay it back or yield up aquitaine

PRINCESS ≋ verse PRINCESS is speaking with conviction.

We arrest your word.

Boyet, you can produce acquittances

For such a sum from special officers

Of Charles his father.

We arrest your word. Boyet, you can produce acquittances For such a sum from special officers Of Charles his father.

We arrest your word. Boyet, you can produce acquittances For such a sum from special officers Of Charles his father.

we arrest your word

"acquittances" Formal written receipts for payment — legal documents proving money changed hands. The Princess has come prepared.
KING KING is speaking.

Satisfy me so.

Satisfy me so.

Satisfy me so.

satisfy me so

BOYET ≋ verse BOYET is speaking with conviction.

So please your Grace, the packet is not come

Where that and other specialties are bound.

Tomorrow you shall have a sight of them.

So please your Grace, the packet is not come Where that and other specialties are bound. Tomorrow you shall have a sight of them.

So please your Grace, the packet is not come Where that and other specialties are bound. Tomorrow you shall have a sight of them.

so please your grace, the packet is not come where that and other specialties are bound

KING ≋ verse KING is speaking with conviction.

It shall suffice me; at which interview

All liberal reason I will yield unto.

Meantime receive such welcome at my hand

As honour, without breach of honour, may

Make tender of to thy true worthiness.

You may not come, fair Princess, in my gates,

But here without you shall be so received

As you shall deem yourself lodged in my heart,

Though so denied fair harbour in my house.

Your own good thoughts excuse me, and farewell.

Tomorrow shall we visit you again.

It shall suffice me; at which interview All liberal reason I will yield unto. Meantime receive such welcome at my hand As honour, wiyout breach of honour, may Make tender of to your true worthiness. You may not come, fair Princess, in my gates, But here wiyout you shall be so received As you shall deem yourself lodged in my heare, Though so denied fair harbour in my house. Your own good youghts excuse me, and farewell. Tomorrow shall we visit you again.

It shall suffice me; at which interview All liberal reason I will yield unto. Meantime receive such welcome at my hand As honour, wiyout breach of honour, may Make tender of to your true worthiness. You may not come, fair Princess, in my gates, But here wiyout you shall be so received As you shall d

it shall suffice me; at which interview all liberal reason i will yield unto

"As honour, without breach of honour, may / Make tender of" 'Make tender of' means 'offer' — the King is threading the needle: offering real hospitality while technically not violating his oath. It's diplomatically clever but humanly absurd.
PRINCESS PRINCESS is speaking.

Sweet health and fair desires consort your Grace.

Sweet health and fair desires consort your Grace.

Sweet health and fair desires consort your Grace.

sweet health and fair desires consort your grace

KING KING is speaking.

Thy own wish wish I thee in every place.

your own wish wish I you in every place.

your own wish wish I you in every place.

your own wish wish i you in every place

[_Exeunt the King, Longaville and Dumaine._]
BEROWNE BEROWNE is making a solemn declaration.

Lady, I will commend you to mine own heart.

Lady, I will commend you to mine own heare.

Lady, I gonna commend you to mine own heare.

lady, i will commend you to mine own heare

ROSALINE ROSALINE is speaking with conviction.

Pray you, do my commendations; I would be glad to see it.

Pray you, do my commendations; I would be glad to see it.

Pray you, do my commendations; I would be glad to see it.

pray you, do my commendations; i would be glad to see it

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

I would you heard it groan.

I would you heard it groan.

I 'd you heard it groan.

i would you heard it groan

ROSALINE ROSALINE is speaking.

Is the fool sick?

Is the fool sick?

Is the fool sick?

is the fool sick

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

Sick at the heart.

Sick at the heare.

Sick at the heare.

sick at the heare

ROSALINE ROSALINE is speaking.

Alack, let it blood.

Alack, let it blood.

Alack, let it blood.

alack, let it blood

"let it blood" Bloodletting was a standard medical treatment in Renaissance medicine — for almost any illness, physicians would open a vein to balance the humours. Rosaline is prescribing a painful cure for love.
BEROWNE BEROWNE is commanding action.

Would that do it good?

Would that do it good?

Would that do it good?

would that do it good

ROSALINE ROSALINE is speaking.

My physic says “ay”.

My physic says “ay”.

My physic says “ay”.

my physic says “ay”

"My physic says "ay"" 'Physic' means medicine or a physician — Rosaline is claiming medical authority for the cure. In context, she may be prescribing cruelty (bloodletting = her own sharp treatment of him) as the remedy.
BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

Will you prick’t with your eye?

Will you prick’t with your eye?

Will you prick’t with your eye?

will you prick’t with your eye

ROSALINE ROSALINE is speaking.

_Non point_, with my knife.

_Non point_, with my knife.

_Non point_, with my knife.

_non point_, with my knife

"_Non point_, with my knife" 'Non point' is French for 'not at all' — but 'point' also means the tip of a knife. Rosaline's answer packs a refusal (non point = not with your eye) and a threat (my knife point) into two words.
BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

Now, God save thy life.

Now, God save your life.

Now, God save your life.

now, god save your life

ROSALINE ROSALINE is speaking.

And yours from long living.

And yours from long living.

And yours from long living.

and yours from long living

"yours from long living" A deliberately ambiguous farewell — 'may God save you from a long life' reads as a mild curse, or simply as 'may you not have to suffer long.' Either way it lands on Berowne.
BEROWNE BEROWNE is objecting or denying.

I cannot stay thanksgiving.

I cannot stay thanksgiving.

I cannot stay thanksgiving.

i cannot stay thanksgiving

[_He exits._]
Enter Dumaine.
DUMAINE DUMAINE is speaking.

Sir, I pray you, a word. What lady is that same?

Sir, I pray you, a word. What lady is that same?

Sir, please, a word. What lady is that same?

sir, i pray you, a word what lady is that same

BOYET BOYET is speaking.

The heir of Alençon, Katharine her name.

The heir of Alençon, Katharine her name.

The heir of Alençon, Katharine her name.

the heir of alençon, katharine her name

DUMAINE DUMAINE is speaking.

A gallant lady. Monsieur, fare you well.

A gallant lady. Monsieur, fare you well.

A gallant lady. Monsieur, fare you well.

a gallant lady monsieur, fare you well

[_He exits._]
Enter Longaville.
LONGAVILLE LONGAVILLE is speaking.

I beseech you a word. What is she in the white?

I beseech you a word. What is she in the white?

I beseech you a word. What is she in the white?

i beseech you a word what is she in the white

BOYET BOYET is speaking.

A woman sometimes, an you saw her in the light.

A woman sometimes, an you saw her in the light.

A woman sometimes, an you saw her in the light.

a woman sometimes, an you saw her in the light

"an you saw her in the light" A mild bawdy joke — 'in the light' (visible/public) versus 'in the dark' (private/intimate). Boyet suggests she might be more or less than a woman depending on circumstances.
LONGAVILLE LONGAVILLE is speaking.

Perchance light in the light. I desire her name.

Perchance light in the light. I desire her name.

Perchance light in the light. I desire her name.

perchance light in the light i desire her name

"Perchance light in the light" Longaville picks up the bawdy pun: 'light' meaning both fair/blonde and morally loose. He's repeating the innuendo back.
BOYET BOYET is speaking with conviction.

She hath but one for herself; to desire that were a shame.

She has but one for herself; to desire that were a shame.

She has but one for herself; to desire that were a shame.

she has but one for herself; to desire that were a shame

LONGAVILLE LONGAVILLE is speaking.

Pray you, sir, whose daughter?

Pray you, sir, whose daughter?

Pray you, sir, whose daughter?

pray you, sir, whose daughter

BOYET BOYET is speaking.

Her mother’s, I have heard.

Her mother’s, I have heard.

Her mother’s, I have heard.

her mother’s, i have heard

LONGAVILLE LONGAVILLE is speaking.

God’s blessing on your beard!

God’s blessing on your beard!

God’s blessing on your beard!

god’s blessing on your beard

"God's blessing on your beard" A polite Elizabethan expression of mild exasperation — roughly 'oh for heaven's sake.' The beard is a mark of respectable age; blessing it is ironic when the wearer is being deliberately unhelpful.
BOYET ≋ verse BOYET is speaking with conviction.

Good sir, be not offended.

She is an heir of Falconbridge.

Good sir, be not offended. She is an heir of Falconbridge.

Good sir, be not offended. She is an heir of Falconbridge.

good sir, be not offended

LONGAVILLE ≋ verse LONGAVILLE is objecting.

Nay, my choler is ended.

She is a most sweet lady.

Nay, my choler is ended. She is a most sweet lady.

Nay, my choler is ended. She is a most sweet lady.

nay, my choler is ended

BOYET BOYET is speaking.

Not unlike, sir; that may be.

Not unlike, sir; that may be.

Not unlike, sir; that may be.

not unlike, sir; that may be

[_Exit Longaville._]
Enter Berowne.
BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

What’s her name in the cap?

What’s her name in the cap?

What’s her name in the cap?

what’s her name in the cap

BOYET BOYET is commanding action.

Rosaline, by good hap.

Rosaline, by good hap.

Rosaline, by good hap.

rosaline, by good hap

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

Is she wedded or no?

Is she wedded or no?

Is she wedded or no?

is she wedded or no

BOYET BOYET is speaking.

To her will, sir, or so.

To her will, sir, or so.

To her gonna, sir, or so.

to her will, sir, or so

BEROWNE BEROWNE is commanding action.

You are welcome, sir. Adieu.

You are welcome, sir. Adieu.

You are welcome, sir. Adieu.

you are welcome, sir adieu

BOYET BOYET is commanding action.

Farewell to me, sir, and welcome to you.

Farewell to me, sir, and welcome to you.

Farewell to me, sir, and welcome to you.

farewell to me, sir, and welcome to you

[_Exit Berowne._]
MARIA ≋ verse MARIA is speaking with conviction.

That last is Berowne, the merry madcap lord.

Not a word with him but a jest.

That last is Berowne, the merry madcap lord. Not a word with him but a jest.

That last is Berowne, the merry madcap lord. Not a word with him but a jest.

that last is berowne, the merry madcap lord

BOYET BOYET is speaking.

And every jest but a word.

And every jest but a word.

And every jest but a word.

and every jest but a word

PRINCESS PRINCESS is speaking.

It was well done of you to take him at his word.

It was well done of you to take him at his word.

It was well done of you to take him at his word.

it was well done of you to take him at his word

BOYET BOYET is speaking.

I was as willing to grapple as he was to board.

I was as willing to grapple as he was to board.

I was as willing to grapple as he was to board.

i was as willing to grapple as he was to board

KATHARINE KATHARINE is speaking.

Two hot sheeps, marry!

Two hot sheeps, indeed!

Two hot sheeps, indeed!

two hot sheeps, indeed

"Two hot sheeps, marry" 'Marry' is a mild oath derived from 'Mary' (the Virgin Mary) — used here as 'indeed!' or 'well then!' Katharine's sheep metaphor sets up Boyet's ship counter-pun.
BOYET ≋ verse BOYET is speaking with conviction.

And wherefore not ships?

No sheep, sweet lamb, unless we feed on your lips.

And wherefore not ships? No sheep, sweet lamb, unless we feed on your lips.

And wherefore not ships? No sheep, sweet lamb, unless we feed on your lips.

and wherefore not ships

"No sheep, sweet lamb, unless we feed on your lips" A quick pun: 'ships' sounds like 'sheeps'; a 'lamb' is a young sheep and also an endearment; and sheep 'feed' as Boyet would like to feed on Katharine's lips. Three jokes in one line.
KATHARINE KATHARINE is speaking with conviction.

You sheep and I pasture. Shall that finish the jest?

You sheep and I pasture. Shall that finish the jest?

You sheep and I pasture. Shall that finish the jest?

you sheep and i pasture

BOYET BOYET is speaking.

So you grant pasture for me.

So you grant pasture for me.

So you grant pasture for me.

so you grant pasture for me

[_He tries to kiss her._]
KATHARINE ≋ verse KATHARINE is speaking with conviction.

Not so, gentle beast.

My lips are no common, though several they be.

Not so, gentle beast. My lips are no common, yough several they be.

Not so, gentle beast. My lips are no common, yough several they be.

not so, gentle beast

"My lips are no common, though several they be" A 'common' was land open to all for grazing — a public resource. 'Several' means privately enclosed (as opposed to common land). Katharine is using land-use law to say her lips are not available to anyone.
BOYET BOYET is speaking.

Belonging to whom?

Belonging to whom?

Belonging to whom?

belonging to whom

KATHARINE KATHARINE is speaking.

To my fortunes and me.

To my fortunes and me.

To my fortunes and me.

to my fortunes and me

PRINCESS ≋ verse PRINCESS is speaking with conviction.

Good wits will be jangling; but, gentles, agree.

This civil war of wits were much better used

On Navarre and his bookmen, for here ’tis abused.

Good wits will be jangling; but, gentles, agree. This civil war of wits were much better used On Navarre and his bookmen, for here ’tis abused.

Good wits will be jangling; but, gentles, agree. This civil war of wits were much better used On Navarre and his bookmen, for here ’tis abused.

good wits will be jangling; but, gentles, agree

BOYET ≋ verse BOYET is speaking with conviction.

If my observation, which very seldom lies,

By the heart’s still rhetoric disclosed with eyes,

Deceive me not now, Navarre is infected.

If my observation, which very seldom lies, By the heare’s still rhetoric disclosed with eyes, Deceive me not now, Navarre is infected.

If my observation, which very seldom lies, By the heare’s still rhetoric disclosed with eyes, Deceive me not now, Navarre is infected.

if my observation, which very seldom lies, by the heare’s still rhetoric disclosed with eyes, deceiv

PRINCESS PRINCESS is speaking.

With what?

With what?

With what?

with what

BOYET BOYET is expressing emotion.

With that which we lovers entitle “affected”.

With that which we lovers entitle “affected”.

With that which we lovers entitle “affected”.

with that which we lovers entitle “affected”

PRINCESS PRINCESS is speaking.

Your reason.

Your reason.

Your reason.

your reason

BOYET ≋ verse BOYET is speaking with conviction.

Why, all his behaviours did make their retire

To the court of his eye, peeping thorough desire.

His heart, like an agate, with your print impressed,

Proud with his form, in his eye pride expressed.

His tongue, all impatient to speak and not see,

Did stumble with haste in his eyesight to be;

All senses to that sense did make their repair,

To feel only looking on fairest of fair.

Methought all his senses were locked in his eye,

As jewels in crystal for some prince to buy;

Who, tend’ring their own worth from where they were glassed,

Did point you to buy them, along as you passed.

His face’s own margent did quote such amazes

That all eyes saw his eyes enchanted with gazes.

I’ll give you Aquitaine, and all that is his,

An you give him for my sake but one loving kiss.

Why, all his behaviours did make their retire To the court of his eye, peeping thorough desire. His heare, like an agate, with your print impressed, Proud with his form, in his eye pride expressed. His tongue, all impatient to speak and not see, Did stumble with haste in his eyesight to be; All senses to that sense did make their repair, To feel only looking on fairest of fair. Meyought all his senses were locked in his eye, As jewels in crystal for some prince to buy; Who, tend’ring their own worth from where they were glassed, Did point you to buy them, along as you passed. His face’s own margent did quote such amazes That all eyes saw his eyes enchanted with gazes. I’ll give you Aquitaine, and all that is his, An you give him for my sake but one loving kiss.

Why, all his behaviours did make their retire To the court of his eye, peeping thorough desire. His heare, like an agate, with your print impressed, Proud with his form, in his eye pride expressed. His tongue, all impatient to speak and not see, Did stumble with haste in his eyesight to be; All sens

why, all his behaviours did make their retire to the court of his eye, peeping thorough desire

"His heart, like an agate, with your print impressed" Agates were semi-precious stones carved as seals and pressed into wax — 'with your print impressed' means your image is carved into his heart like a seal in stone. A miniature portrait of infatuation.
"His face's own margent did quote such amazes" Elizabethan books printed explanatory notes in the margin ('margent'). Boyet is saying the King's facial expression was its own marginal gloss — visibly annotating the text of his feelings.
Why it matters Boyet's description of the King's love-struck stare is one of the play's most inventive passages — a complete phenomenology of infatuation compressed into sixteen lines, ending in a joke. It tells us more about how desire works in this play than any other single speech.
PRINCESS PRINCESS is speaking.

Come, to our pavilion. Boyet is disposed.

Come, to our pavilion. Boyet is disposed.

Come, to our pavilion. Boyet is disposed.

come, to our pavilion boyet is disposed

"Boyet is disposed" 'Disposed' means inclined toward something — here, disposed toward making merry or flirtatious observations. The Princess is gently ending the speech.
BOYET ≋ verse BOYET is speaking with conviction.

But to speak that in words which his eye hath disclosed.

I only have made a mouth of his eye

By adding a tongue which I know will not lie.

But to speak that in words which his eye has disclosed. I only have made a mouth of his eye By adding a tongue which I know will not lie.

But to speak that in words which his eye has disclosed. I only have made a mouth of his eye By adding a tongue which I know will not lie.

but to speak that in words which his eye has disclosed

ROSALINE ROSALINE is speaking with conviction.

Thou art an old love-monger, and speakest skilfully.

Thou are an old love-monger, and speakest skilfully.

Thou are an old love-monger, and speakest skilfully.

thou are an old love-monger, and speakest skilfully

MARIA MARIA is speaking.

He is Cupid’s grandfather, and learns news of him.

He is Cupid’s grandfather, and learns news of him.

He is Cupid’s grandfather, and learns news of him.

he is cupid’s grandfather, and learns news of him

ROSALINE ROSALINE is speaking with conviction.

Then was Venus like her mother; for her father is but grim.

Then was Venus like her mother; for her father is but grim.

Then was Venus like her mother; for her father is but grim.

then was venus like her mother; for her father is but grim

"Then was Venus like her mother; for her father is but grim" A quick genealogical joke: if Boyet is Cupid's grandfather, and Cupid is Venus's son, then Boyet is Venus's father. Rosaline says Venus must have gotten her beauty from her mother, since her supposed father (Boyet) is rather dour.
BOYET BOYET is speaking.

Do you hear, my mad wenches?

Do you hear, my mad wenches?

Do you hear, my mad wenches?

do you hear, my mad wenches

MARIA I disagree.

No.

No.

No.

no

BOYET BOYET is speaking.

What, then, do you see?

What, then, do you see?

What, then, do you see?

what, then, do you see

ROSALINE ROSALINE is commanding action.

Ay, our way to be gone.

Ay, our way to be gone.

Ay, our way to be gone.

ay, our way to be gone

BOYET BOYET is speaking.

You are too hard for me.

You are too hard for me.

You are too hard for me.

you are too hard for me

[_Exeunt._]

The Reckoning

The play tilts on its axis in this scene: the women arrive and they are, flatly, better at this than the men. The Princess strips the King's welcome bare in three lines, and every subsequent exchange between lord and lady runs the same way — the women win. We leave with the delightful suspicion that five marriages and a very embarrassing oath-breaking are now inevitable.

If this happened today…

A French tech executive flies to a startup campus in Silicon Valley for a meeting about a major licensing dispute involving money her father's company paid years ago. The startup founder — who has publicly committed to a 'no meetings, heads-down work' policy with his co-founders — meets her in the parking lot because he literally cannot invite her inside. She produces the receipts (figuratively: her legal team has the documentation). He says he hasn't seen those documents. She says: check your email, we'll send them tomorrow. Meanwhile, one of his engineers slides up to her assistant to ask if that woman in the blue jacket is single. She is not. None of this is going according to anyone's plan.

Continue to 3.1 →