← 2.1
Act 3, Scene 1 — The King of Navarre’s park
on stage: —
Next: 4.1 →
Original
Faithful Conversational Text-message
The argument Armado sends Costard with a love letter to Jaquenetta; Berowne intercepts Costard and pays him to deliver a letter to Rosaline; Berowne closes the scene with a self-mocking soliloquy about being in love.
Enter Armado the Braggart and Moth his Boy.
ARMADO [theatrically craving a love song]

Warble, child, make passionate my sense of hearing.

Sing, boy. Make my hearing delighted with music.

Come on, kid, sing something beautiful to make me happy.

sing nice

[_Singing_.]
MOTH [breaking into a playful song]

Concolinel.

Concolinel.

Concolinel.

concolinel

"Concolinel" A song title — possibly 'con colínea' or a lost Elizabethan tune. Scholars have not definitively identified it. It may have been well-known enough in 1595 that no other identification was needed.
ARMADO [delighted, then brisk with orders]

Sweet air! Go, tenderness of years, take this key, give enlargement to

the swain, bring him festinately hither. I must employ him in a letter

to my love.

Sweet air! Go, young tender one, take this key and free the servant. Bring him quickly here. I need to use him to carry a letter to my love.

Listen, young man, take this key and go free that guy. Get him here fast—I need him to deliver a letter for me.

get the guy & free him need him to deliver letter

"give enlargement to the swain" 'Enlargement' means release from confinement — literally 'to make large the space around him.' Armado is springing Costard from his house arrest specifically to use him as a love messenger.
"bring him festinately hither" 'Festinately' is a rare English adaptation of Latin 'festinanter' — 'speedily.' Pure Armado: one perfectly good word ('quickly') available, and he chooses the obscure one.
MOTH [teasingly skeptical of his plan]

Master, will you win your love with a French brawl?

Master, will you win your love by dancing the brawl, that French dance?

Sir, are you going to win her over by doing that fancy French dance?

dancing gonna work

"French brawl" A 'brawl' (from French 'branle') was a lively Renaissance dance, not a fight. Moth is suggesting Armado woo Jaquenetta with music and dancing rather than a letter — a practical critique.
ARMADO [confused, missing the pun]

How meanest thou? Brawling in French?

What do you mean? Fighting in French?

What are you talking about? Fighting in French?

fighting in french

MOTH [playfully mocking courtly love clichés]

No, my complete master; but to jig off a tune at the tongue’s end,

canary to it with your feet, humour it with turning up your eyelids,

sigh a note and sing a note, sometime through the throat, as if you

swallowed love with singing love, sometime through the nose, as if you

snuffed up love by smelling love; with your hat penthouse-like o’er the

shop of your eyes, with your arms crossed on your thin-belly doublet

like a rabbit on a spit; or your hands in your pocket like a man after

the old painting; and keep not too long in one tune, but a snip and

away. These are compliments, these are humours; these betray nice

wenches that would be betrayed without these; and make them men of

note—do you note me?—that most are affected to these.

No, my accomplished master. Rather, you should sing off a tune from the tip of your tongue, perform a lively dance to it with your feet, add humor by raising and lowering your eyelids, sigh a note and sing a note—sometimes through your throat as if you swallowed love with your singing, sometimes through your nose as if you breathed in love by smelling it. Wear your hat like a roof over the windows of your eyes, cross your arms over your thin-belly doublet like a rabbit on a spit, or put your hands in your pockets like a man in an old painting. Do not stay in one tune too long—a quick change and away. These are tricks, these are mannerisms. They work on naive girls who would be seduced without them anyway, and make them men of note—do you hear me?—most girls are attracted to men who do these things.

No, my brilliant master. What you do is keep the tune going at the tip of your tongue, dance along to it with your feet, move your eyebrows up and down for effect, sigh dramatically and sing dramatically—sometimes like it's coming from deep in your throat like you're swallowing love, sometimes through your nose like you're inhaling it. Put your hat on your head like a roof, cross your arms over your chest like a rabbit on a spit, or keep your hands in your pockets like you're in some old painting. Don't stay in one tune—keep switching it up fast. These are all moves, all tricks. They work on innocent girls who would fall for you anyway, and they make you look like a man of style—you getting this?—girls love guys who do this stuff.

sing keep switching tune dance move ur eyebrows sigh dramatic switch it up fast girls fall for it

"canary to it with your feet" The 'canary' was a fast, lively dance from the Canary Islands — Moth is suggesting Armado do a quick little dance step while humming.
"with your hat penthouse-like o'er the shop of your eyes" A 'penthouse' was a projecting roof over a shop front. Moth is describing the classic melancholy-lover pose: hat pulled low, shading the eyes in a brooding manner.
"like a rabbit on a spit" A rabbit roasting on a spit has its front legs crossed over its chest — this was the standard Elizabethan pose for depicting melancholy or lovesickness. An image so familiar it had become cliché.
Why it matters Moth's lesson in lovesick performance is a micro-satire of the whole play's project: all these men will be doing exactly the poses Moth is describing within two acts. His coaching is simultaneously advice and prophecy.
ARMADO [surprised, curious how he knows]

How hast thou purchased this experience?

How did you get this experience?

Where did you pick all this up?

how u learn this

MOTH [a smug, witty non-answer]

By my penny of observation.

From my penny-worth of observation—my careful watching.

Just from watching people closely, sir.

been watching ppl

ARMADO [struggling with a lovesick sigh]

But O—but O—

Hold on, wait—hold on, wait—

Wait though, hold on—

hold up wait

MOTH [teasingly quoting an old jibe]

“The hobby-horse is forgot.”

"The hobby-horse is forgotten."

"People have forgotten about the hobby-horse."

hobby horse forgotten

"The hobby-horse is forgot" A lyric from a popular Elizabethan song lamenting the suppression of the hobbyhorse figure in folk festivals (Puritans had campaigned against it). Moth is completing Armado's 'but O' with a known cultural reference — which Armado then misreads.
ARMADO [indignant at the insult]

Call’st thou my love “hobby-horse”?

You call my love a "hobby-horse"?

Are you calling my girlfriend a hobby-horse?

did u just call her a hobby horse

"hobby-horse" A 'hobbyhorse' was both a toy horse (a stick with a horse-head) and a term for a loose woman or a man's obsessive passion. Armado rightfully suspects the double meaning.
MOTH [backpedaling, then needling him]

No, master. The hobby-horse is but a colt, and your love perhaps a

hackney. But have you forgot your love?

No, master. The hobby-horse is merely a toy horse, and your love is perhaps a stable horse. But have you forgotten your love?

No sir, the hobby-horse is just a wooden toy, and your lady is maybe a real working horse. But wait—have you actually forgotten about her?

hobby horse toy she's real horse but did u forget about her

"your love perhaps a hackney" A 'hackney' was a horse for hire — available to anyone who paid. Moth is sliding in a gentle insult about Jaquenetta's reputation while appearing to clarify.
ARMADO [an embarrassed, sheepish admission]

Almost I had.

I almost did.

Yeah, nearly forgot.

almost did

MOTH [mock-scolding his forgetfulness]

Negligent student! Learn her by heart.

Lazy student! Learn her by heart.

You lazy student, you! Memorize everything about her.

lazy memorize her

ARMADO [earnestly romantic correction]

By heart and in heart, boy.

In my heart and with my heart, boy.

With all my heart, Moth.

whole heart

MOTH [confidently setting up wordplay]

And out of heart, master. All those three I will prove.

Also while being heartbroken with longing, master. I can demonstrate all three states.

And completely devastated too, sir. I can prove all three situations.

also devastated heartbroken all 3 ways

ARMADO [curious, prompting him on]

What wilt thou prove?

What will you prove?

What are you going to show me?

what do u mean

MOTH [an elaborate, clever wordplay display]

A man, if I live; and this, “by, in, and without,” upon the instant:

“by” heart you love her, because your heart cannot come by her; “in”

heart you love her, because your heart is in love with her; and “out”

of heart you love her, being out of heart that you cannot enjoy her.

I will become a man, if I live, and I'll prove it right now with these three meanings: "By" heart you love her because your heart cannot reach her; "In" heart you love her because your heart is wrapped up in love with her; and "Out" of heart you love her because you are heartbroken that you cannot enjoy her.

If I live, I'll become a man, and I can show you right now. "By" heart means you love her because you literally can't get to her. "In" heart means you love her because your whole heart is totally in love with her. "Out" of heart means you're so heartbroken because you can't be with her.

by heart cant reach her / in heart totally gone for her / out of heart heartbroken cant be w her

ARMADO [ruefully agreeing with the jibe]

I am all these three.

All three conditions apply to me.

Yeah, I'm all of those things at once.

all three yep

MOTH [a witty final jab]

And three times as much more, and yet nothing at all.

Multiplied by three again, and paradoxically still amounting to zero.

Triple that amount, but also somehow worth absolutely nothing.

triple & still nothing lol

ARMADO [brisk, businesslike command]

Fetch hither the swain. He must carry me a letter.

Get the servant for me. He has to carry a letter to my love.

Go get that guy for me. He's going to carry a letter to my girlfriend.

get the guy he's carrying letter

MOTH [a sly insult disguised as wit]

A message well sympathized: a horse to be ambassador for an ass.

A perfectly fitting message—a horse to be messenger for a donkey.

Perfect fit—a horse to deliver messages for a donkey.

horse for a donkey lol

ARMADO [half-catching the insult, amused]

Ha, ha, what sayest thou?

Ha, what did you say?

Ha! What was that?

what

MOTH [clarifying the jibe, then exiting]

Marry, sir, you must send the ass upon the horse, for he is very

slow-gaited. But I go.

Well, sir, you need to send the donkey on the horse, because he moves very slowly. But I'm going now.

Well, you need to put the donkey on the horse because he's way too slow. I'm off though.

put him on horse he slow lol bye

ARMADO [briskly urging him off]

The way is but short. Away!

The distance is short. Go!

It's not far. Get going!

go quick

MOTH [cheekily ironic about his speed]

As swift as lead, sir.

Moving at the speed of lead, sir.

I'll move with the speed of lead for you, sir.

lead speed lol

ARMADO ≋ verse [puzzling out the joke slowly]

The meaning, pretty ingenious?

Is not lead a metal heavy, dull, and slow?

I see what you mean, clever one. Isn't lead a metal that's heavy, dull, and slow?

Hold on, I see what you did there. Lead is a heavy, slow metal, isn't it?

wait lead is heavy & slow

MOTH [playfully correcting his master]

_Minime_, honest master; or rather, master, no.

Certainly not, honest master; or rather, master, no.

Not at all, honest sir. Or I mean, no sir.

nah not really

"_Minime_" Latin for 'not at all' or 'absolutely not' — Moth is deploying Latin here as Armado habitually does, neatly turning his master's own linguistic affectation against him.
ARMADO [stubbornly pressing his metaphor]

I say lead is slow.

My position is that lead moves slowly.

What I'm saying is lead takes forever to move.

lead = slow

MOTH ≋ verse [gleefully turning his own logic against him]

You are too swift, sir, to say so.

Is that lead slow which is fired from a gun?

You're too quick to say that, sir. When lead is fired from a gun, is that slow?

You're talking too fast, sir. What about when lead is shot from a gun? Is that slow?

not so fast what about bullets from gun

ARMADO ≋ verse [savoring Moth's cleverness, boasting back]

Sweet smoke of rhetoric!

He reputes me a cannon; and the bullet, that’s he.

I shoot thee at the swain.

Sweet words and clever speech! He says I'm a cannon, and the bullet is himself. I shoot you toward the servant.

Beautiful rhetoric! So he's calling me a cannon and he's the bullet. I'm firing him at that servant.

im cannon hes bullet shooting him at servant

MOTH [mock-fleeing in jest]

Thump then, and I flee.

Fire then, and I run away.

Fire away then, and I'll take off.

ok firing bye

[_Exit._]
ARMADO ≋ verse [showering Moth with grand praise]

A most acute juvenal, voluble and free of grace!

By thy favour, sweet welkin, I must sigh in thy face.

Most rude melancholy, valour gives thee place.

My herald is returned.

A very quick young wit, fluent and graceful! By your leave, sweet sky, I must sigh in your face. Dark melancholy, valor takes your place now. My messenger has returned.

Such a clever, quick-witted kid, so fluent and graceful! If you don't mind, beautiful day, I have to sigh dramatically. Sad feelings, step aside for courage. Here comes my messenger back.

hes so clever sad leave courage here's my guy back

"By thy favour, sweet welkin, I must sigh in thy face" 'Welkin' is an archaic word for sky — Armado is addressing the sky directly, asking its permission to sigh into it. A tiny moment of genuine lyric feeling beneath all the bombast.
Enter Moth and Costard.
MOTH [relishing the pun in his news]

A wonder, master! Here’s a costard broken in a shin.

A wonder, master! Here's a head broken in a shin.

Amazing, sir! Here's a guy with a smashed head and a broken shin.

wow head busted shin broken

"a costard broken in a shin" A 'costard' was a type of large apple — and also Costard's name. Moth is making a pun: Costard (the person) has broken a shin, but he's announcing it as 'a costard (the apple) broken in a shin.' Meaningless but delightful.
ARMADO [eagerly inviting more wordplay]

Some enigma, some riddle. Come, thy _l’envoi_ begin.

Some riddle, some puzzle. Come, start your explanation.

It's a riddle, isn't it? Come on, explain it to us.

puzzle explain

"_l'envoi_" A 'l'envoi' (French: 'the sending') was a short concluding stanza of a poem — a kind of postscript or moral. Armado is demanding Moth frame the injury as a formal poetic conclusion.
COSTARD [literal-minded, missing the joke]

No egma, no riddle, no _l’envoi_, no salve in the mail, sir. O, sir,

plantain, a plain plantain! No _l’envoi_, no _l’envoi_, no salve, sir,

but a plantain.

No riddle, no puzzle, no explanation, no salve or healing in the mail, sir. No! Sir, plantain, plain plantain! No explanation, no explanation, no salve, sir, but plantain.

No riddle, no puzzle, no explanations, no healing power in the mail, sir. Come on! Sir, it's plantain, just plain plantain! No explanations, just plantain to put on the wound.

not a riddle just plantain bro plain plantain

"plantain, a plain plantain" Plantain leaf was a common Elizabethan folk remedy for cuts and bruises — applied directly to the wound. Costard just wants first aid, not rhetoric.
"no salve in the mail" A 'salve' is an ointment; 'mail' here means a bag or box of remedies. Costard is mixing up 'salve' (medicine) and 'l'envoi' (poetic coda) — which is exactly the confusion Armado then objects to.
ARMADO [amused despite himself]

By virtue, thou enforcest laughter; thy silly thought, my spleen; the

heaving of my lungs provokes me to ridiculous smiling. O, pardon me, my

stars! Doth the inconsiderate take _salve_ for _l’envoi_, and the word

_l’envoi_ for a _salve?_

By my virtue, you force laughter from me; your simple thought delights me; my laughing makes me smile foolishly. Forgive me, fate! Does the thoughtless person mistake salve for an explanation, and the word explanation for a salve?

Seriously, you're making me laugh. Your simple way of thinking is funny to me. I can't help smiling. Forgive me, fate! Is he really confusing a healing salve with an explanation, and an explanation with a salve?

ur funny simple mind makes me laugh omg is he mixing up salve & explanation

"my spleen" The spleen was thought in Renaissance physiology to be the seat of laughter — when something struck you as funny, your spleen was activated. Armado is giving a physiological account of his amusement.
MOTH [needling him with a sly question]

Do the wise think them other? Is not _l’envoi_ a _salve?_

Do the wise think them different? Isn't an explanation a kind of salve?

Don't smart people think they're the same thing? Isn't an explanation like a healing treatment?

arent they the same thing

ARMADO ≋ verse [pompously lecturing his page]

No, page; it is an epilogue or discourse to make plain

Some obscure precedence that hath tofore been sain.

I will example it:

The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee

Were still at odds, being but three.

There’s the moral. Now the _l’envoi_.

No, page. It is a final saying or talk to make clear some hidden meaning that came before. I will give an example: The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee were always fighting, being only three. That's the moral. Now comes the explanation.

No, Moth. An explanation is like a closing statement that explains some hidden meaning from earlier. Let me show you: The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee kept fighting because there were only three. That's the moral. Now the explanation.

explanation explains hidden meaning earlier fox ape bee fighting thats moral now explanation

"the humble-bee" The humble-bee (bumblebee) was proverbially associated with laziness and self-satisfaction — its presence in the fox/ape trio makes the 'three' a collection of well-known rogue types.
MOTH [confidently setting up his joke]

I will add the _l’envoi_. Say the moral again.

I will add the explanation. Say the moral again.

I'll add the explanation. Say that moral again.

ill add explanation say it again

ARMADO ≋ verse [reciting dutifully, unaware of the trap]

The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee

Were still at odds, being but three.

The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee were always fighting, being only three.

The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee kept fighting because they were only three.

fox ape bee three always fighting

MOTH [gleefully springing the goose joke]

Until the goose came out of door,

And stayed the odds by adding four.

Now will I begin your moral, and do you follow with my _l’envoi_.

The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee

Were still at odds, being but three.

Until the goose came out, and balanced things by adding four. Now I will begin your moral, and you follow with my explanation. The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee were always fighting, being only three.

Until the goose showed up and made it four to balance things out. Now I'll do your moral and you do my explanation. The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee kept fighting because there were only three.

til goose came made it 4 balanced now i do moral you do explanation

"Until the goose came out of door" Three and four don't become even odds by the goose joining — the math is deliberately wrong. And 'goose' was Elizabethan slang for a fool. Moth has inserted a joke into the envoi: a fool settled the dispute among rogues.
ARMADO ≋ verse [obliviously finishing the verse]

Until the goose came out of door,

Staying the odds by adding four.

Until the goose came out, keeping the balance by adding four.

Until the goose came out and balanced it by making four.

til goose made it 4

MOTH [triumphant after landing the joke]

A good _l’envoi_, ending in the goose. Would you desire more?

A good explanation, ending with the goose. Would you want more?

Good explanation, ending with the goose. Want anything else?

good one ending w goose want more

COSTARD ≋ verse [delighted to join the teasing]

The boy hath sold him a bargain, a goose, that’s flat.

Sir, your pennyworth is good, an your goose be fat.

To sell a bargain well is as cunning as fast and loose.

Let me see: a fat _l’envoi_—ay, that’s a fat goose.

The boy has sold him a bargain—a goose, that's certain. Sir, you got a good deal, if your goose is fat. Selling a bargain well is just like the game of fast and loose. Let me see: a fat explanation—that's a fat goose.

That kid just sold him a deal—a goose, straight up. Sir, you made a good deal if that goose is fat. Selling a bargain is like playing that fast-and-loose game. A fat explanation—that's one fat goose.

boy sold him goose good deal if fat fat explanation fat goose lol

"The boy hath sold him a bargain, a goose, that's flat" Costard has followed the joke while Armado missed it: 'a goose' was a fool or a worthless trick. Moth sold Armado 'a goose' — a con — and Armado bought it.
ARMADO [trying to regain control of the joke]

Come hither, come hither. How did this argument begin?

Come here, come here. How did this conversation start?

Come over here. How did we get into all this?

come over here explain this convo

MOTH ≋ verse [smugly recapping the joke]

By saying that a costard was broken in a shin.

Then called you for the _l’envoi_.

By saying that a head was broken in a shin. Then you called for the explanation.

By me saying his head got smashed in his shin. Then you asked for an explanation.

i said head broken in shin you asked explanation

COSTARD [piling onto the running joke]

True, and I for a plantain. Thus came your argument in. Then the boy’s

fat _l’envoi_, the goose that you bought; and he ended the market.

Right, and I asked for plantain. So came your request. Then the boy's fat explanation and the goose you bought, and he finished the deal.

Right, and I wanted plantain. So that's how it went. Then the kid's big explanation and the goose you bought, and that's how the deal ended.

i wanted plantain then his explanation & goose u bought deal done

ARMADO [genuinely puzzled, wanting the story]

But tell me, how was there a costard broken in a shin?

However, explain to me how his head ended up broken in his leg.

Okay, but help me understand how his head got smashed into his leg.

how his head get in his shin tho

MOTH [mock-serious, promising a straight answer]

I will tell you sensibly.

I will tell you clearly.

I'll explain it plainly.

ill explain

COSTARD [indignant, reclaiming his own story]

Thou hast no feeling of it, Moth. I will speak that _l’envoi_.

I, Costard, running out, that was safely within,

Fell over the threshold and broke my shin.

You don't understand it, Moth. I will tell that explanation. I, Costard, running out of safety, fell over the threshold and broke my shin.

You don't get it, Moth. I'll tell the explanation. I'm Costard, I ran out when I shouldn't have, tripped over the doorway and broke my leg.

i costard ran out tripped doorway broke shin

ARMADO [irritated, shutting the joke down]

We will talk no more of this matter.

We will not discuss this anymore.

Let's not talk about this anymore.

no more talk about this

COSTARD [sneaking in one last pun]

Till there be more matter in the shin.

Until there is more matter in my shin.

Until there's more meat on my leg to show for it.

til more stuff to show for it

ARMADO [grandly announcing his generosity]

Sirrah Costard, I will enfranchise thee.

Listen here, Costard, I will give you your freedom.

Hey Costard, I'm going to set you free.

ur free costard

COSTARD [comically misunderstanding the word]

O, marry me to one Frances! I smell some _l’envoi_, some goose, in

this.

Oh, marry me to a woman named Frances! I smell some explanation or profit in this.

Oh, marry me to Frances! I smell a trick here or something good for me.

marry me to frances something good here

"O, marry me to one Frances" Costard mishears 'enfranchise' (set free) as 'en-Frances' and thinks Armado is offering to marry him to a girl named Frances. A wonderful misunderstanding that shows Costard's mind is always on the material world.
ARMADO [earnestly over-explaining himself]

By my sweet soul, I mean setting thee at liberty, enfreedoming thy

person. Thou wert immured, restrained, captivated, bound.

By my soul, I mean letting you go free, freeing your body. You were locked up, held back, trapped, bound.

I mean I'm setting you free for real, letting your body go. You were locked up, trapped, held prisoner.

ur free & let loose ur locked up trapped

"immured, restrained, captivated, bound" Four consecutive synonyms for 'imprisoned' — Armado cannot say 'you were locked up' when he can say it four ways in succession. The comic rhythm of his speech is one repeated word stretched to four.
COSTARD [eagerly angling for his freedom]

True, true; and now you will be my purgation, and let me loose.

Right, and now you will be my healing, and let me loose.

Right, and now you'll be my cure and let me go free.

ur my cure now let me go

"you will be my purgation" A 'purgation' was a medical purgative — a laxative that cleared the system. Costard is mixing the metaphor: his imprisonment was a kind of constipation, and freedom is the purge.
ARMADO [playing the magnanimous patron]

I give thee thy liberty, set thee from durance, and, in lieu thereof,

impose on thee nothing but this: [_Giving him a letter_.] bear this

significant to the country maid Jaquenetta. [_Giving money_.] There is

remuneration for the best ward of mine honour is rewarding my

dependents. Moth, follow.

I give you your freedom, let you out of prison, and instead of anything else, I ask only this: take this letter to the country girl Jaquenetta. Here is payment. The finest thing about honor is rewarding those who serve you. Moth, follow me.

You're free now, out of prison, and all you have to do is take this letter to the country girl Jaquenetta. Here's your payment. The real mark of honor is taking care of your servants. Moth, come on.

ur free take letter to jaquenetta heres payment honor means rewarding servants

"significant" A 'significant' was a sealed letter or document that conveyed meaning ('significance') — a slightly archaic term for a formal written message.
"remuneration" Armado's pompous word for payment — the play will return to this word when Costard repeats it to Berowne, having never heard such an elaborate word for a coin.
🎭 Dramatic irony Costard is simultaneously being hired by Berowne (he doesn't know it yet) to carry a second letter — which means the audience can see the coming confusion while neither Armado nor Berowne can.
[_Exit._]
MOTH [light, dutiful farewell]

Like the sequel, I. Signior Costard, adieu.

I'll follow like the ending. Costard, goodbye.

I'll come along like the ending of a story. Goodbye, Costard.

bye costard

[_Exit Moth._]
COSTARD [savoring his new fancy word]

My sweet ounce of man’s flesh, my incony Jew!

Now will I look to his remuneration. “Remuneration”! O, that’s the

Latin word for three farthings. Three farthings—_remuneration_. “What’s

the price of this inkle?” “One penny.” “No, I’ll give you a

remuneration.” Why, it carries it! _Remuneration_. Why, it is a fairer

name than French crown. I will never buy and sell out of this word.

My sweet ounce of human strength, my clever young man! Now I will think about his payment. "Payment"! That's the Latin word for three farthings. Three farthings—payment. "What's the price of this thread?" "One penny." "No, I'll give you a payment." Well, that works! Payment. It's a better word than French crown. I will never buy and sell using any other word.

My clever little guy! Now I'm thinking about what he paid me. "Payment"! That's the fancy word for three farthings. Three farthings—payment. "How much is this thread?" "One penny." "Nah, I'll give you a payment instead." That works great! Payment. It's a nicer word than French crown. I'm never using any other word for money again.

payment fancy word 4 3 farthings works better than french crown

"My incony Jew" 'Incony' meant rare, delicate, or exquisite — a term of fondness. 'Jew' here is an Elizabethan exclamation of surprise or admiration, unrelated to ethnicity (from 'Jesu'). Costard is expressing affection for Moth.
"three farthings" Three farthings was the smallest sum of money in Elizabethan England — roughly the price of a small piece of ribbon. Armado's grand 'remuneration' is worth almost nothing.
"French crown" A French crown (écu) was worth about five shillings — considerably more than three farthings. Costard is saying 'remuneration' sounds grander than an actually valuable coin.
Enter Berowne.
BEROWNE [friendly greeting with an ulterior motive]

My good knave Costard, exceedingly well met.

My good servant Costard, I'm very pleased to see you.

Costard, my good man, great to see you.

hey costard good 2 c u

COSTARD ≋ verse [cheekily fishing for coin]

Pray you, sir, how much carnation ribbon may a man buy for a

remuneration?

If you please, sir, how much pink ribbon can a man buy for a payment?

Sir, how much pink ribbon can you get for one of those "payments"?

how much pink ribbon 4 payment

"carnation ribbon" Carnation-colored (flesh-pink or red) ribbon was a fashionable gift or personal decoration item in Elizabethan England. Costard is planning to spend his three farthings on something ornamental.
BEROWNE [amused, playing along]

What is a remuneration?

What is a payment?

I have no idea what you mean by payment.

no clue what payment means

COSTARD [matter-of-fact, naming his price]

Marry, sir, halfpenny farthing.

Well, sir, half a penny farthing.

Well, sir, it's worth about half a penny farthing.

half penny farthing

BEROWNE [wry and teasing]

Why, then, three-farthing worth of silk.

That equals the price of silk worth three farthings.

So you could buy silk that costs three farthings.

u can get 3 farthings silk

COSTARD [politely taking his leave]

I thank your worship. God be wi’ you.

I thank you, sir. May God be with you.

Thanks, sir. God bless.

thanks god bless

BEROWNE ≋ verse [urgently calling him back]

Stay, slave. I must employ thee.

As thou wilt win my favour, good my knave,

Do one thing for me that I shall entreat.

Wait, stay. I need to use you. If you want to win my favor, my good servant, do one thing for me that I will ask you to do.

Hold on, wait. I need your help. If you want to stay on my good side, do me one favor—just one thing.

hold on i need ur help do one thing 4 me

COSTARD [obliging and businesslike]

When would you have it done, sir?

When do you want it done, sir?

When do you need it done, sir?

when

BEROWNE [brisk and direct]

This afternoon.

This afternoon.

This afternoon.

this afternoon

COSTARD [agreeable, eager to be off]

Well, I will do it, sir. Fare you well.

Well, I will do it, sir. Goodbye.

Okay, I'll do it, sir. See you.

ok ill do it bye

BEROWNE [amused at his hasty agreement]

Thou knowest not what it is.

You don't know what it is.

You don't know what I'm asking yet.

u dont know what it is

COSTARD [cheekily logical nonsense]

I shall know, sir, when I have done it.

I will know, sir, once I've done it.

I'll find out once I do it, sir.

ill find out when i do it

BEROWNE [mock-exasperated with him]

Why, villain, thou must know first.

Listen, you fool, you must know first.

No, you idiot, you need to know before you do it.

u need 2 know first dummy

COSTARD [comically stalling for time]

I will come to your worship tomorrow morning.

I will come to your place tomorrow morning.

I'll come by tomorrow morning then.

ill come by tomorrow

BEROWNE ≋ verse [earnestly entrusting his secret love letter]

It must be done this afternoon. Hark, slave, it is but this:

The Princess comes to hunt here in the park,

And in her train there is a gentle lady;

When tongues speak sweetly, then they name her name,

And Rosaline they call her. Ask for her

And to her white hand see thou do commend

This sealed-up counsel.

It must be done this afternoon. Listen, servant: here's the situation. The Princess comes to hunt here in the forest, and among her ladies is a gentle woman. When people speak well, they mention her name—Rosaline. Ask for her and give a special, sealed letter to her white hand.

It has to be done this afternoon. Okay, look: the Princess is coming to hunt in the forest today, and she's bringing a beautiful lady with her. People talk about her when they're being nice—her name is Rosaline. You need to find her and deliver this sealed letter to her.

this afternoon princess hunting forest beautiful lady rosaline find her deliver letter

"When tongues speak sweetly, then they name her name" Berowne involuntarily turns lyric when he says her name — 'when tongues speak sweetly' is an inadvertent admission that he can't speak of her plainly.
[_Gives him money._]
BEROWNE [curtly paying him off]

There’s thy guerdon. Go.

There's your reward. Go.

That's your payment. Go.

here's ur money. go

COSTARD [thrilled, savoring his payment]

Gardon, O sweet gardon! Better than remuneration, a ’levenpence

farthing better. Most sweet gardon! I will do it, sir, in print.

Gardon! Remuneration!

Oh, thank you! Better than payment—an eleven-pence farthing better. Most wonderful thank you! I will do it, sir, perfectly. Thank you! Payment!

Oh, thank you! That's way better than a payment—eleven pence farthings better! Most wonderful, thanks! I'll do it perfectly, sir. Thanks! Payment!

thank u better than payment way better ill do it perfect

"I will do it, sir, in print" 'In print' meant 'precisely' or 'exactly' — like a printed text is perfectly reproduced. Costard means he'll do the errand meticulously.
"a 'levenpence farthing better" About eleven and a half pence — Berowne's reward was vastly more than Armado's three farthings. Costard is carefully noting the financial hierarchy of his two employers.
[_Exit._]
BEROWNE ≋ verse [self-mocking despair at falling in love]

And I, forsooth, in love! I, that have been love’s whip,

A very beadle to a humorous sigh,

A critic, nay, a night-watch constable,

A domineering pedant o’er the boy,

Than whom no mortal so magnificent!

This wimpled, whining, purblind, wayward boy,

This Signior Junior, giant-dwarf, Dan Cupid,

Regent of love-rhymes, lord of folded arms,

Th’ anointed sovereign of sighs and groans,

Liege of all loiterers and malcontents,

Dread prince of plackets, king of codpieces,

Sole imperator, and great general

Of trotting paritors—O my little heart!

And I to be a corporal of his field

And wear his colours like a tumbler’s hoop!

What? I love, I sue, I seek a wife?

A woman, that is like a German clock,

Still a-repairing, ever out of frame,

And never going aright, being a watch,

But being watched that it may still go right!

Nay, to be perjured, which is worst of all;

And, among three, to love the worst of all,

A whitely wanton with a velvet brow,

With two pitch-balls stuck in her face for eyes;

Ay, and, by heaven, one that will do the deed

Though Argus were her eunuch and her guard.

And I to sigh for her, to watch for her,

To pray for her! Go to, it is a plague

That Cupid will impose for my neglect

Of his almighty dreadful little might.

Well, I will love, write, sigh, pray, sue, and groan.

Some men must love my lady, and some Joan.

And I, truly, in love! Me, who have been love's punisher, a harsh officer to a sad sigh, a critic, even a night-watch guard, a bullying teacher over the boy Cupid, than whom no man is more magnificent! This shy, whining, half-blind, stubborn boy, this Junior fellow, giant-dwarf, Dan Cupid, ruler of love-rhymes, lord of crossed arms, the crowned king of sighs and groans, master of all who wander and complain, terrible prince of lovers, king of the styles of flirtation, sole emperor and great general of the runners of court business—oh, my little heart! And I am to be a soldier in his army and wear his colors like an acrobat wears a hoop! What? I love, I beg, I search for a wife? A woman who is like a broken clock, always being fixed, never working right, and never going correctly even though she's a watch, but being watched so she stays working? And worse, breaking my vows, which is the worst thing; and among three loves, to love the worst one—a pale flirting girl with a velvet brow, with two black balls stuck in her face for eyes. And yes, by heaven, one who will act on her desire even if a guard of a hundred eyes watched her. And I am to sigh for her, to keep vigil for her, to pray for her! Come on, it's a punishment that Cupid will give me for ignoring his mighty power. Well, I will love, write, sigh, pray, beg, and groan. Some men must love my lady, and some must love Joan.

And me, truly, falling in love! Me, who have been the enemy of love, someone tough about sad sighs, a critic, even a cop on night watch, a mean teacher to little Cupid, who is more important than anyone! This shy, whining, half-blind, stubborn kid, this young Cupid, small and tall at the same time, the king of love poems, lord of crossed arms, the ruler of all sighs and complaints, the scary prince of flirting, the king of dating moves, the only emperor and commander of all the court messengers—oh man! And I'm supposed to be his soldier and wear his colors like a circus guy wearing a loop! What? Me? I love, I ask, I look for a wife? A woman who's like a broken clock, always getting fixed, never works right, and even though she's a watch she never tells time right unless someone's watching her? Even worse, I'll break my promises—the worst thing—and of all the women I could love, I pick the worst one. A pale, flirty girl with soft eyebrows, with two black balls stuck on her face for eyes. And yes, honestly, one who will do whatever she wants even if a hundred guards were watching. And I'm supposed to sigh for her, stay up for her, pray for her! Come on, this is torture that Cupid's giving me because I didn't respect his power. Fine, I'll love, I'll write love letters, I'll sigh, I'll pray, I'll beg, and I'll complain. Some men have to love my lady, and some have to love Joan.

im in love me the love hater now that kid cupid owns me how humiliating love sigh pray beg groan im done

"A very beadle to a humorous sigh" A 'beadle' was a parish constable who enforced petty laws. Berowne has been love's own police officer, arresting sentimentality on sight.
"This wimpled, whining, purblind, wayward boy" 'Wimpled' means blindfolded (Cupid's traditional attribute). 'Purblind' means nearly blind. Berowne catalogs Cupid's defects as if writing a complaint about an incompetent employee.
"Dread prince of plackets, king of codpieces" A 'placket' was an opening in a skirt or petticoat — associated with female sexuality. A 'codpiece' was a padded pouch at the front of men's breeches. Berowne gives Cupid dominion over both male and female desire.
"trotting paritors" A 'paritor' (apparitor) was a court official who summoned people before ecclesiastical courts — they moved quickly ('trotting') and were associated with sex-related prosecutions. Cupid commands love-court officials.
"a German clock" German mechanical clocks were famously complex, expensive, and unreliable in the 1590s — always needing adjustment. Berowne's misogynist simile was a recognizable joke: women, like German clocks, require constant attention.
"A whitely wanton with a velvet brow" Berowne's description of Rosaline inverts Petrarchan beauty standards: 'whitely' (pale) could be a compliment, but 'wanton' is a slur; 'velvet brow' and 'pitch-balls' for eyes describe dark coloring that was considered less conventionally beautiful in the period.
"though Argus were her eunuch and her guard" In Greek myth, Argus Panoptes had a hundred eyes — set to guard Io. Berowne says even a hundred-eyed guardian couldn't stop Rosaline from doing what she wants. It's a back-handed compliment to her independence.
"Some men must love my lady, and some Joan" 'Joan' was the most common English women's name — a generic name for any ordinary woman. Berowne is ending with wry resignation: some men are destined for the extraordinary, some for the ordinary. He's one of the former, apparently.
Why it matters Berowne's closing soliloquy is the play's greatest comic speech — the man who has spent all of Act 1 and 2 as the voice of reason about love is forced to admit he is completely, helplessly in love, and delivers the admission with more wit, self-awareness, and verbal invention than anyone else in the play. The joke is that falling in love has made him more eloquent, not less.
🎭 Dramatic irony Berowne's devastating description of Rosaline ('a whitely wanton with a velvet brow') sounds like contempt but is actually love speaking through embarrassment — the audience who heard Rosaline describe Berowne in 2-1 knows this already.
[_Exit._]

The Reckoning

The play's letter-delivery engine is now loaded and pointed at disaster — both Armado and Berowne have entrusted the same completely unreliable carrier with secret correspondence. Berowne's closing soliloquy is his greatest comic moment: the sharpest critic of love in the play, forced to admit he is in love with someone he describes as a 'velvet-browed' temptress, and that this is a plague visited on him by a deity he himself has mocked. We leave feeling the delicious irony of someone falling on his own sword and delivering the most entertaining speech about it.

If this happened today…

The play's sharpest commentator on wellness culture posts an eighteen-thousand-word essay about how dating apps are destroying authentic human connection — then, three weeks later, his friends discover he's been sliding into someone's DMs, has commissioned a bespoke typeface for a handwritten note, and is trying to pay his chaotic roommate to deliver it since he doesn't have her number. The roommate is simultaneously being paid by someone else to deliver a different letter to a completely different person. The roommate has already spent half the money on a coffee.

Continue to 4.1 →