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Act 5, Scene 1 — Coventry
on stage:
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The argument At the walls of Coventry, Edward confronts Warwick; defectors arrive to reinforce Warwick's side, but Clarence dramatically switches back to the Yorkists, and Warwick retreats to Barnet for battle.
Enter, Warwick, the Mayor of Coventry, two Messengers and others, upon
the walls.
WARWICK ≋ verse resolute

Where is the post that came from valiant Oxford?

How far hence is thy lord, mine honest fellow?

1 MESSENGER.

By this at Dunsmore, marching hitherward.

Where is the post that came from valiant Oxford? How far hence is your lord, mine honest fellow? 1 MESSENGER. By this at Dunsmore, marching hitherward.

Where is the post that came from valiant Oxford? How far hence is your lord, mine honest fellow? 1 MESSENGER. By this at Dunsmore, marching hitherward.

how did that even happen

WARWICK ≋ verse resolute

How far off is our brother Montague?

Where is the post that came from Montague?

2 MESSENGER.

By this at Daintry, with a puissant troop.

How far off is our brother Montague? Where is the post that came from Montague? 2 MESSENGER. By this at Daintry, with a puissant troop.

How far off is our brother Montague? Where is the post that came from Montague? 2 MESSENGER. By this at Daintry, with a puissant troop.

how did that even happen

Enter Sir John Somerville.
WARWICK ≋ verse resolute

Say, Somerville, what says my loving son?

And, by thy guess, how nigh is Clarence now?

Say, Somerville, what says my loving son? And, by your guess, how nigh is Clarence now?

Say, Somerville, what says my loving son? And, by your guess, how nigh is Clarence now?

how did that even happen

First appearance
SOMERVILLE

Somerville speaks in precise tactical reports — location, forces, timing — without embellishment. He is the play's most efficient bearer of information.

SOMERVILLE ≋ verse resolute

At Southam I did leave him with his forces

And do expect him here some two hours hence.

At Southam I did leave him with his forces And do expect him here some two hours hence.

At Southam I did leave him with his forces And do expect him here some two hours hence.

hm

[_Drum heard._]
WARWICK resolute

Then Clarence is at hand; I hear his drum.

Then Clarence is at hand; I hear his drum.

Then Clarence is at hand; I hear his drum.

hm

SOMERVILLE ≋ verse resolute

It is not his, my lord; here Southam lies.

The drum your honour hears marcheth from Warwick.

It is not his, my lord; here Southam lies. The drum your honour hears marcheth from Warwick.

It is not his, my lord; here Southam lies. The drum your honour hears marcheth from Warwick.

hm

WARWICK resolute

Who should that be? Belike, unlooked-for friends.

Who should that be? Belike, unlooked-for friends.

Who should that be? Belike, unlooked-for friends.

hm

SOMERVILLE resolute

They are at hand, and you shall quickly know.

March. Flourish. Enter King Edward, Richard (Duke of Gloucester) and

Soldiers.

They are at hand, and you shall quickly know. March. Flourish. Enter King Edward, Richard (Duke of Gloucester) and Soldiers.

They are at hand, and you shall quickly know. March. Flourish. Enter King Edward, Richard (Duke of Gloucester) and Soldiers.

yeah brutal

KING EDWARD resolute

Go, trumpet, to the walls and sound a parle.

Go, trumpet, to the walls and sound a parle.

Go, trumpet, to the walls and sound a parle.

hm

RICHARD resolute

See how the surly Warwick mans the wall.

See how the surly Warwick mans the wall.

See how the surly Warwick mans the wall.

how did that even happen

WARWICK ≋ verse resolute

O, unbid spite! Is sportful Edward come?

Where slept our scouts, or how are they seduced,

That we could hear no news of his repair?

O, unbid spite! Is sportful Edward come? Where slept our scouts, or how are they seduced, That we could hear no news of his repair?

O, unbid spite! Is sportful Edward come? Where slept our scouts, or how are they seduced, That we could hear no news of his repair?

how did that even happen

KING EDWARD ≋ verse resolute

Now, Warwick, wilt thou ope the city gates,

Speak gentle words and humbly bend thy knee?

Call Edward King and at his hands beg mercy,

And he shall pardon thee these outrages.

Now, Warwick, will you ope the city gates, Speak gentle words and humbly bend your knee? Call Edward King and at his hands beg mercy, And he shall pardon you these outrages.

Now, Warwick, will you ope the city gates, Speak gentle words and humbly bend your knee? Call Edward King and at his hands beg mercy, And he shall pardon you these outrages.

yeah brutal

WARWICK ≋ verse resolute

Nay, rather, wilt thou draw thy forces hence,

Confess who set thee up and plucked thee down,

Call Warwick patron and be penitent,

And thou shalt still remain the Duke of York.

no, rather, will you draw your forces hence, Confess who set you up and plucked you down, Call Warwick patron and be penitent, And you shall still remain the Duke of York.

no, rather, will you draw your forces hence, Confess who set you up and plucked you down, Call Warwick patron and be penitent, And you shall still remain the Duke of York.

yeah brutal

RICHARD ≋ verse resolute

I thought, at least, he would have said the King;

Or did he make the jest against his will?

I thought, at least, he would have said the King; Or did he make the jest against his will?

I thought, at least, he would have said the King; Or did he make the jest against his will?

hm

WARWICK resolute

Is not a dukedom, sir, a goodly gift?

Is not a dukedom, sir, a goodly gift?

Is not a dukedom, sir, a goodly gift?

hm

RICHARD ≋ verse resolute

Ay, by my faith, for a poor earl to give;

I’ll do thee service for so good a gift.

Ay, by my faith, for a poor earl to give; I’ll do you service for so good a gift.

Ay, by my faith, for a poor earl to give; I’ll do you service for so good a gift.

hm

WARWICK resolute

’Twas I that gave the kingdom to thy brother.

’Twas I that gave the kingdom to your brother.

’Twas I that gave the kingdom to your brother.

hm

KING EDWARD resolute

Why, then, ’tis mine, if but by Warwick’s gift.

Why, then, ’tis mine, if but by Warwick’s gift.

Why, then, ’tis mine, if but by Warwick’s gift.

hm

WARWICK ≋ verse resolute

Thou art no Atlas for so great a weight;

And, weakling, Warwick takes his gift again;

And Henry is my King, Warwick his subject.

you are no Atlas for so great a weight; And, weakling, Warwick takes his gift again; And Henry is my King, Warwick his subject.

you are no Atlas for so great a weight; And, weakling, Warwick takes his gift again; And Henry is my King, Warwick his subject.

yeah brutal

KING EDWARD ≋ verse resolute

But Warwick’s king is Edward’s prisoner;

And, gallant Warwick, do but answer this:

What is the body when the head is off?

But Warwick’s king is Edward’s prisoner; And, gallant Warwick, do but answer this: What is the body when the head is off?

But Warwick’s king is Edward’s prisoner; And, gallant Warwick, do but answer this: What is the body when the head is off?

yeah brutal

RICHARD ≋ verse resolute

Alas, that Warwick had no more forecast,

But, whiles he thought to steal the single ten,

The king was slily fingered from the deck!

You left poor Henry at the Bishop’s palace,

And ten to one you’ll meet him in the Tower.

Alas, that Warwick had no more forecast, But, whiles he thought to steal the single ten, The king was slily fingered from the deck! You left poor Henry at the Bishop’s palace, And ten to one you’ll meet him in the Tower.

Alas, that Warwick had no more forecast, But, whiles he thought to steal the single ten, The king was slily fingered from the deck! You left poor Henry at the Bishop’s palace, And ten to one you’ll meet him in the Tower.

war blood death everything is chaos

KING EDWARD resolute

’Tis even so; yet you are Warwick still.

’Tis even so; yet you are Warwick still.

’Tis even so; yet you are Warwick still.

hm

RICHARD ≋ verse resolute

Come, Warwick, take the time; kneel down, kneel down.

Nay, when? Strike now, or else the iron cools.

Come, Warwick, take the time; kneel down, kneel down. no, when? Strike now, or else the iron cools.

Come, Warwick, take the time; kneel down, kneel down. no, when? Strike now, or else the iron cools.

hm

WARWICK ≋ verse resolute

I had rather chop this hand off at a blow

And with the other fling it at thy face,

Than bear so low a sail to strike to thee.

I had rather chop this hand off at a blow And with the other fling it at your face, Than bear so low a sail to strike to you.

I had rather chop this hand off at a blow And with the other fling it at your face, Than bear so low a sail to strike to you.

yeah brutal

KING EDWARD ≋ verse resolute

Sail how thou canst, have wind and tide thy friend,

This hand, fast wound about thy coal-black hair,

Shall, whiles thy head is warm and new cut off,

Write in the dust this sentence with thy blood:

“Wind-changing Warwick now can change no more.”

Sail how you can, have wind and tide your friend, This hand, fast wound about your coal-black hair, Shall, whiles your head is warm and new cut off, Write in the dust this sentence with your blood: “Wind-changing Warwick now can change no more.”

Sail how you can, have wind and tide your friend, This hand, fast wound about your coal-black hair, Shall, whiles your head is warm and new cut off, Write in the dust this sentence with your blood: “Wind-changing Warwick now can change no more.”

proof right here how did that even happen

"Wind-changing Warwick now can change no more" Edward's epitaph for Warwick: he changed sides twice and earned contempt from both camps. 'Wind-changing' means fickle as the wind itself.
Enter Oxford with drum and colours.
WARWICK resolute

O cheerful colours! See where Oxford comes!

O cheerful colours! See where Oxford comes!

O cheerful colours! See where Oxford comes!

hm

OXFORD resolute

Oxford, Oxford, for Lancaster!

Oxford, Oxford, for Lancaster!

Oxford, Oxford, for Lancaster!

hm

[_He and his forces enter the city._]
RICHARD resolute

The gates are open; let us enter too.

The gates are open; let us enter too.

The gates are open; let us enter too.

hm

KING EDWARD ≋ verse determined, fierce

So other foes may set upon our backs.

Stand we in good array, for they no doubt

Will issue out again and bid us battle;

If not, the city being but of small defence,

We’ll quietly rouse the traitors in the same.

So other foes may set upon our backs. Stand we in good array, for they no doubt Will issue out again and bid us battle; If not, the city being but of small defence, We’ll quietly rouse the traitors in the same.

So other foes may set upon our backs. Stand we in good array, for they no doubt Will issue out again and bid us battle; If not, the city being but of small defence, We’ll quietly rouse the traitors in the same.

war blood death everything is chaos

WARWICK resolute

O, welcome, Oxford, for we want thy help.

O, welcome, Oxford, for we want your help.

O, welcome, Oxford, for we want your help.

hm

Enter Montague with drum and colours.
MONTAGUE resolute

Montague, Montague, for Lancaster!

Montague, Montague, for Lancaster!

Montague, Montague, for Lancaster!

hm

[_He and his forces enter the city._]
RICHARD ≋ verse resolute

Thou and thy brother both shall buy this treason

Even with the dearest blood your bodies bear.

you and your brother both shall buy this treason Even with the dearest blood your bodies bear.

you and your brother both shall buy this treason Even with the dearest blood your bodies bear.

proof right here

KING EDWARD ≋ verse resolute

The harder matched, the greater victory.

My mind presageth happy gain and conquest.

The harder matched, the greater victory. My mind presageth happy gain and conquest.

The harder matched, the greater victory. My mind presageth happy gain and conquest.

hm

Enter Somerset with drum and colours.
SOMERSET resolute

Somerset, Somerset, for Lancaster!

Somerset, Somerset, for Lancaster!

Somerset, Somerset, for Lancaster!

hm

[_He and his forces enter the city._]
RICHARD ≋ verse resolute

Two of thy name, both Dukes of Somerset,

Have sold their lives unto the House of York;

And thou shalt be the third if this sword hold.

Two of your name, both Dukes of Somerset, Have sold their lives unto the House of York; And you shall be the third if this sword hold.

Two of your name, both Dukes of Somerset, Have sold their lives unto the House of York; And you shall be the third if this sword hold.

yeah brutal

Enter George (Duke of Clarence) with drum and colours.
WARWICK ≋ verse determined, fierce

And lo, where George of Clarence sweeps along,

Of force enough to bid his brother battle;

With whom an upright zeal to right prevails

More than the nature of a brother’s love.

And lo, where George of Clarence sweeps along, Of force enough to bid his brother battle; With whom an upright zeal to right prevails More than the nature of a brother’s love.

And lo, where George of Clarence sweeps along, Of force enough to bid his brother battle; With whom an upright zeal to right prevails More than the nature of a brother’s love.

yeah brutal

[_Richard and George whisper._]
Come, Clarence, come; thou wilt if Warwick call.
GEORGE resolute

Father of Warwick, know you what this means?

Father of Warwick, know you what this means?

Father of Warwick, know you what this means?

hm

↩ Callback to 4-1 Clarence's throwing the red rose at Warwick reverses the defection he made in 4-1 — the same brotherly resentment that drove him away now drives him back.
[_Taking the red rose from his hat and throws the rose at Warwick._]
Look here, I throw my infamy at thee.
I will not ruinate my father’s house,
Who gave his blood to lime the stones together,
And set up Lancaster. Why, trowest thou, Warwick,
That Clarence is so harsh, so blunt, unnatural,
To bend the fatal instruments of war
Against his brother and his lawful King?
Perhaps thou wilt object my holy oath.
To keep that oath were more impiety
Than Jephthah’s when he sacrificed his daughter.
I am so sorry for my trespass made
That, to deserve well at my brother’s hands,
I here proclaim myself thy mortal foe,
With resolution, whereso’er I meet thee—
As I will meet thee if thou stir abroad—
To plague thee for thy foul misleading me.
And so, proud-hearted Warwick, I defy thee,
And to my brother turn my blushing cheeks.
Pardon me, Edward, I will make amends.
And, Richard, do not frown upon my faults,
For I will henceforth be no more unconstant.
KING EDWARD ≋ verse dutiful, committed

Now, welcome more, and ten times more beloved,

Than if thou never hadst deserved our hate.

Now, welcome more, and ten times more beloved, Than if you never hadst deserved our hate.

Now, welcome more, and ten times more beloved, Than if you never hadst deserved our hate.

hm

🎭 Dramatic irony Edward welcomes Clarence back as 'ten times more beloved' — but the audience who knows Richard III understands that George, Duke of Clarence, will die on Richard's orders within a few years of this reunion.
RICHARD resolute

Welcome, good Clarence; this is brother-like.

Welcome, good Clarence; this is brother-like.

Welcome, good Clarence; this is brother-like.

hm

WARWICK resolute

O passing traitor, perjured and unjust!

O passing traitor, oath-breaking and unjust!

O passing traitor, oath-breaking and unjust!

hm

KING EDWARD ≋ verse resolute

What, Warwick, wilt thou leave the town and fight?

Or shall we beat the stones about thine ears?

What, Warwick, will you leave the town and fight? Or shall we beat the stones about your ears?

What, Warwick, will you leave the town and fight? Or shall we beat the stones about your ears?

hm

WARWICK ≋ verse frustrated, angry

Alas! I am not cooped here for defence!

I will away towards Barnet presently

And bid thee battle, Edward, if thou dar’st.

Alas! I am not cooped here for defence! I will away towards Barnet presently And bid you battle, Edward, if you dar’st.

Alas! I am not cooped here for defence! I will away towards Barnet presently And bid you battle, Edward, if you dar’st.

yeah brutal

KING EDWARD ≋ verse resolute

Yes, Warwick, Edward dares, and leads the way.

Lords, to the field! Saint George and victory!

Yes, Warwick, Edward dares, and leads the way. Lords, to the field! Saint George and victory!

Yes, Warwick, Edward dares, and leads the way. Lords, to the field! Saint George and victory!

hm

[_Exeunt. March. Warwick and his company follows._]

The Reckoning

The play's great reversal scene. Oxford, Montague, Somerset all arrive declaring for Lancaster — and Warwick is counting on Clarence. Then Richard and Clarence whisper together, and Clarence tears the red rose from his hat and throws it at Warwick's feet. The theatrical gesture is perfect: a symbol of allegiance, publicly discarded. Warwick's furious 'O passing traitor' is answered by Clarence's speech about not ruining his father's house. The scene ends with Warwick backing down from the walls and retreating to fight another day — which will be his last.

If this happened today…

A boardroom siege: the activist investors are assembled on a conference call, listing their supporters one by one. Each time someone announces they're in, the ousted CEO nods on screen. Then they get to the moment that was supposed to seal it. The vote comes in. It goes the wrong way. A co-founder who was supposed to be the decisive vote just emailed the CEO a copy of his signed loyalty pledge — with a note saying 'I'm with you again.' The activist's face. The silence on the call.

Continue to 5.2 →