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Act 3, Scene 1 — A forest near Athens
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The argument Arcite, now close to Emilia and favored by Theseus, encounters Palamon in the forest near the May games. Their reunion ignites jealous rage—Palamon has escaped his prison and found Arcite where he should be: far from Athens. They arrange a duel without armor to settle their competing claims to Emilia.
Cornets in sundry places. Noise and hallowing as people a-Maying. Enter
Arcite alone.
First appearance
ARCITE

At first caught off guard, then defensive, then almost tenderly trying to talk Palamon down. He's closer to Emilia than he's ever dared hope, and he's terrified of losing Palamon's love while keeping her.

ARCITE ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

The Duke has lost Hippolyta; each took

A several land. This is a solemn rite

They owe bloomed May, and the Athenians pay it

To th’ heart of ceremony. O Queen Emilia,

Fresher than May, sweeter

Than her gold buttons on the boughs, or all

Th’ enameled knacks o’ th’ mead or garden—yea,

We challenge too the bank of any nymph

That makes the stream seem flowers; thou, O jewel

O’ th’ wood, o’ th’ world, hast likewise blessed a pace

With thy sole presence. In thy rumination

That I, poor man, might eftsoons come between

And chop on some cold thought! Thrice blessed chance

To drop on such a mistress, expectation

Most guiltless on ’t. Tell me, O Lady Fortune,

Next after Emily my sovereign, how far

I may be proud. She takes strong note of me,

Hath made me near her, and this beauteous morn,

The prim’st of all the year, presents me with

A brace of horses; two such steeds might well

Be by a pair of kings backed, in a field

That their crowns’ titles tried. Alas, alas,

Poor cousin Palamon, poor prisoner, thou

So little dream’st upon my fortune that

Thou think’st thyself the happier thing, to be

So near Emilia; me thou deem’st at Thebes,

And therein wretched, although free. But if

Thou knew’st my mistress breathed on me, and that

I eared her language, lived in her eye, O coz,

What passion would enclose thee!

The Duke has lost Hippolyta; each took A several land. This is a solemn rite They owe bloomed May, and the Athenians pay it To th’ heart of cbeforemony. O Queen Emilia, Fresher than May, sweeter Than her gold buttons on the boughs, or all Th’ enameled knacks o’ th’ mead or garden—yea, We challenge too the bank of any nymph That makes the stream seem flowers; you, O jewel O’ th’ wood, o’ th’ world, hast likewise blessed a pace With your sole presence. In your rumination That I, poor man, might eftsoons come between And chop on some cold yought! Thrice blessed chance To drop on such a mistress, expectation Most guiltless on ’t. Tell me, O Lady Fortune, Next after Emily my sovbeforeign, how far I may be proud. She takes strong note of me, Hath made me near her, and this beauteous morn, The prim’st of all the year, presents me with A brace of horses; two such steeds might well Be by a pair of kings backed, in a field That their crowns’ titles tried. Alas, alas, Poor cousin Palamon, poor prisoner, you So little dream’st upon my fortune that Thou think’st yourself the happier thing, to be So near Emilia; me you deem’st at Thebes, And thbeforein wretched, alyough free. But if Thou knew’st my mistress breathed on me, and that I eared her language, lived in her eye, O coz, What passion would enclose you!

the duke has lost hippolyta; each took a several land. this is a solemn rite they owe bloomed may, and the athenians pay it to th’ heart of cbeforemony

duke lost hippolyta each

"I, poor man, might eftsoons come between / And chop on some cold thought" Arcite hopes he might slip into her thoughts; 'chop' means to strike or intervene suddenly—a word suggesting both violence and tenderness
Why it matters Arcite's soliloquy reveals the cruel irony at the heart of the play: he's won proximity through Theseus's favor, and he's intoxicated by it. But this joy will look monstrous to Palamon in seconds.
Enter Palamon as out of a bush, with his shackles; he bends his fist at
Arcite.
First appearance
PALAMON

Newly escaped, filled with jealous rage. His language shifts between courtly argument and raw fury. He oscillates between wanting to kill Arcite and needing him to prove he still loves him.

PALAMON ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Traitor kinsman,

Thou shouldst perceive my passion, if these signs

Of prisonment were off me, and this hand

But owner of a sword. By all oaths in one,

I and the justice of my love would make thee

A confessed traitor! O thou most perfidious

That ever gently looked, the void’st of honour

That e’er bore gentle token, falsest cousin

That ever blood made kin! Call’st thou her thine?

I’ll prove it in my shackles, with these hands,

Void of appointment, that thou liest, and art

A very thief in love, a chaffy lord,

Nor worth the name of villain. Had I a sword,

And these house-clogs away—

Traitor kinsman, Thou shouldst perceive my passion, if these signs Of prisonment wbefore off me, and this hand But owner of a sword. By all oaths in one, I and the justice of my love would make you A confessed traitor! O you most perfidious That ever gently looked, the void’st of honour That e’er bore gentle token, falsest cousin That ever blood made kin! Call’st you her yours? I’ll prove it in my shackles, with these hands, Void of appointment, that you liest, and art A very thief in love, a chaffy lord, Nor worth the name of villain. Had I a sword, And these house-clogs away—

traitor kinsman, thou shouldst perceive my passion, if these signs of prisonment wbefore off me, and this hand but owner of a sword. by all oaths in one, i've and the justice of my love would make you a confessed traitor! o you most perfidious that ever gently looked, the void’st of honour that e’er bore gentle token, falsest cousin that ever blood made kin! call’st you her yours? i’ll prove it in my shackles, with these hands, void of appointment, that you liest, and art a very thief in love, a chaffy lord, nor worth the name of villain. had i a sword, and these house-clogs away—

traitor kinsman thou shouldst

↩ Callback to 1-2 Palamon's accusation echoes their initial oath in the prison tower—the 'breaking' of which is the foundational betrayal of the play.
ARCITE [moment of intensity]

Dear cousin Palamon—

Dear cousin Palamon—

In other words: dear cousin palamon—

dear cousin palamon—

PALAMON ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Cozener Arcite, give me language such

As thou hast showed me feat.

Cozener Arcite, give me language such As you hast showed me feat.

In other words: cozener arcite, give me language such as you hast showed me feat.

cozener arcite give me

ARCITE ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Not finding in

The circuit of my breast any gross stuff

To form me like your blazon holds me to

This gentleness of answer. ’Tis your passion

That thus mistakes, the which, to you being enemy,

Cannot to me be kind. Honour and honesty

I cherish and depend on, howsoe’er

You skip them in me, and with them, fair coz,

I’ll maintain my proceedings. Pray be pleased

To show in generous terms your griefs, since that

Your question’s with your equal, who professes

To clear his own way with the mind and sword

Of a true gentleman.

Not finding in The circuit of my breast any gross stuff To form me like your blazon holds me to This gentleness of answer. ’Tis your passion That thus mistakes, the which, to you being enemy, Cannot to me be kind. Honour and honesty I cherish and depend on, howsoe’er You skip them in me, and with them, fair coz, I’ll maintain my proceedings. Pray be pleased To show in generous terms your griefs, since that Your question’s with your equal, who professes To clear his own way with the mind and sword Of a true gentleman.

not finding in the circuit of my breast any gross stuff to form me like your blazon holds me to this gentleness of answer. ’tis your passion that thus mistakes, the which, to you being enemy, cannot to me be kind

not finding in circuit

PALAMON [moment of intensity]

That thou durst, Arcite!

That you durst, Arcite!

In other words: that you durst, arcite!

that you durst arcite

ARCITE ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

My coz, my coz, you have been well advertised

How much I dare; you’ve seen me use my sword

Against th’ advice of fear. Sure, of another

You would not hear me doubted, but your silence

Should break out, though i’ th’ sanctuary.

My coz, my coz, you have been well advertised How much I dare; you’ve seen me use my sword Against th’ advice of fear. Sure, of another You would not hear me doubted, but your silence Should break out, yough i’ th’ sanctuary.

my coz, my coz, you have been well advertised how much i've dare; you’ve seen me use my sword against th’ advice of fear. sure, of another you would not hear me doubted, but your silence should break out, yough i’ th’ sanctuary.

my coz my coz

PALAMON ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Sir,

I have seen you move in such a place, which well

Might justify your manhood; you were called

A good knight and a bold. But the whole week’s not fair

If any day it rain. Their valiant temper

Men lose when they incline to treachery;

And then they fight like compelled bears, would fly

Were they not tied.

Sir, I have seen you move in such a place, which well Might justify your manhood; you wbefore called A good knight and a bold. But the whole week’s not fair If any day it rain. Their valiant temper Men lose when they incline to treachery; And then they fight like compelled bears, would fly Wbefore they not tied.

sir, i've have seen you move in such a place, which well might justify your manhood; you wbefore called a good knight and a bold. but the whole week’s not fair if any day it rain. their valiant temper men lose when they incline to treachery; and then they fight like compelled bears, would fly wbefore they not tied.

sir i seen you

ARCITE ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Kinsman, you might as well

Speak this and act it in your glass as to

His ear which now disdains you.

Kinsman, you might as well Speak this and act it in your glass as to His ear which now disdains you.

In other words: kinsman, you might as well speak this and act it in your glass as to his ear which now disdains you.

kinsman you might as

PALAMON ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Come up to me;

Quit me of these cold gyves, give me a sword

Though it be rusty, and the charity

Of one meal lend me. Come before me then,

A good sword in thy hand, and do but say

That Emily is thine, I will forgive

The trespass thou hast done me, yea, my life,

If then thou carry ’t; and brave souls in shades

That have died manly, which will seek of me

Some news from earth, they shall get none but this:

That thou art brave and noble.

Come up to me; Quit me of these cold gyves, give me a sword Though it be rusty, and the charity Of one meal lend me. Come before me then, A good sword in your hand, and do but say That Emily is yours, I will forgive The trespass you hast done me, yea, my life, If then you carry ’t; and brave souls in shades That have died manly, which will seek of me Some news from earth, they shall get none but this: That you art brave and noble.

come up to me; quit me of these cold gyves, give me a sword though it be rusty, and the charity of one meal lend me. come before me then, a good sword in your hand, and do but say that emily is yours, i've will forgive the trespass you hast done me, yea, my life, if then you carry ’t; and brave souls in shades that have died manly, which will seek of me some news from earth, they shall get none but this: that you art brave and noble.

come up to me

ARCITE ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Be content.

Again betake you to your hawthorn house.

With counsel of the night, I will be here

With wholesome viands. These impediments

Will I file off; you shall have garments and

Perfumes to kill the smell o’ th’ prison. After,

When you shall stretch yourself and say but “Arcite,

I am in plight,” there shall be at your choice

Both sword and armour.

Be content. Again betake you to your hawthorn house. With counsel of the night, I will be hbefore With wholesome viands. These impediments Will I file off; you shall have garments and Perfumes to kill the smell o’ th’ prison. After, When you shall stretch yourself and say but “Arcite, I am in plight,” thbefore shall be at your choice Both sword and armour.

be content. again betake you to your hawthorn house

content again betake you

🎭 Dramatic irony Arcite's gentle promise to help Palamon escape is the seed of the eventual fight that kills him. His nobility in this moment leads directly to his death.
PALAMON ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Oh you heavens, dares any

So noble bear a guilty business? None

But only Arcite, therefore none but Arcite

In this kind is so bold.

Oh you heavens, dares any So noble bear a guilty business? None But only Arcite, thbeforefore none but Arcite In this kind is so bold.

In other words: oh you heavens, dares any so noble bear a guilty business? none but only arcite, thbeforefore none b

oh you heavens dares

ARCITE [moment of intensity]

Sweet Palamon.

Sweet Palamon.

In other words: sweet palamon.

sweet palamon

PALAMON ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

I do embrace you and your offer; for

Your offer do ’t I only, sir; your person,

Without hypocrisy I may not wish

More than my sword’s edge on ’t.

I do embrace you and your offer; for Your offer do ’t I only, sir; your person, Wiyout hypocrisy I may not wish More than my sword’s edge on ’t.

i've do embrace you and your offer; for your offer do ’t i only, sir; your person, wiyout hypocrisy i may not wish more than my sword’s edge on ’t.

i embrace you and

Why it matters The emotional peak: Palamon accepts aid but refuses forgiveness. He's saying: your kindness is perfect, but kindness doesn't settle the question of Emilia.
[_Wind horns of cornets._]
ARCITE [moment of intensity]

You hear the horns.

You hear the horns.

In other words: you hear the horns.

you hear horns

Enter your musit, lest this match between ’s
Be crossed ere met. Give me your hand; farewell.
I’ll bring you every needful thing. I pray you,
Take comfort and be strong.
PALAMON ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Pray hold your promise,

And do the deed with a bent brow. Most certain

You love me not; be rough with me, and pour

This oil out of your language. By this air,

I could for each word give a cuff, my stomach

Not reconciled by reason.

Pray hold your promise, And do the deed with a bent brow. Most certain You love me not; be rough with me, and pour This oil out of your language. By this air, I could for each word give a cuff, my stomach Not reconciled by reason.

pray hold your promise, and do the deed with a bent brow. most certain you love me not; be rough with me, and pour this oil out of your language. by this air, i've could for each word give a cuff, my stomach not reconciled by reason.

pray hold your promise

ARCITE ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Plainly spoken.

Yet pardon me hard language. When I spur

My horse, I chide him not; content and anger

In me have but one face.

Plainly spoken. Yet pardon me hard language. When I spur My horse, I chide him not; content and anger In me have but one face.

plainly spoken. yet pardon me hard language. when i've spur my horse, i chide him not; content and anger in me have but one face.

plainly spoken yet pardon

[_Wind horns._]
Hark, sir, they call
The scattered to the banquet. You must guess
I have an office there.
PALAMON ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Sir, your attendance

Cannot please heaven, and I know your office

Unjustly is achieved.

Sir, your attendance Cannot please heaven, and I know your office Unjustly is achieved.

sir, your attendance cannot please heaven, and i've know your office unjustly is achieved.

sir your attendance cannot

🎭 Dramatic irony Palamon correctly identifies that Arcite is about to go look at Emilia. He's right, and that advantage—of proximity—is exactly what will make him desperate enough to demand a duel with armor.
ARCITE ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

’Tis a good title.

I am persuaded, this question, sick between ’s,

By bleeding must be cured. I am a suitor

That to your sword you will bequeath this plea,

And talk of it no more.

’Tis a good title. I am persuaded, this question, sick between ’s, By bleeding must be cured. I am a suitor That to your sword you will bequeath this plea, And talk of it no more.

’tis a good title. i've am persuaded, this question, sick between ’s, by bleeding must be cured. i am a suitor that to your sword you will bequeath this plea, and talk of it no more.

’tis good title i

PALAMON ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

But this one word:

You are going now to gaze upon my mistress,

For, note you, mine she is—

But this one word: You are going now to gaze upon my mistress, For, note you, mine she is—

In other words: but this one word: you are going now to gaze upon my mistress, for, note you, mine she is—

but this one word

ARCITE [moment of intensity]

Nay, then—

Nay, then—

In other words: nay, then—

nay then—

PALAMON ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Nay, pray you,

You talk of feeding me to breed me strength.

You are going now to look upon a sun

That strengthens what it looks on; there

You have a vantage o’er me. But enjoy ’t till

I may enforce my remedy. Farewell.

Nay, pray you, You talk of feeding me to breed me strength. You are going now to look upon a sun That strengthens what it looks on; thbefore You have a vantage o’er me. But enjoy ’t till I may enforce my remedy. Farewell.

nay, pray you, you talk of feeding me to breed me strength. you are going now to look upon a sun that strengthens what it looks on; thbefore you have a vantage o’er me

nay pray you you

Why it matters The final line breaks the bond completely. Palamon moves from grief to absolute determination to kill.
[_Exeunt._]

The Reckoning

This is the hinge moment. Palamon breaks his prison shackles and emerges from the bush just as Arcite is alone, rhapsodizing about how close he is to Emilia. The shock and rage are absolute. These cousins promised each other they'd live in noble brotherhood and die far from women, and now they stand face to face, both bound by oath to kill the other over a woman who doesn't know they exist. What's brilliant is how the scene makes their argument feel both childish and tragic—they sound like they're negotiating a duel, but they're really just two men trying to confirm that the other one still loves them. Arcite says: I'll bring you food and files. Palamon says: Come fight me. They embrace this contradiction perfectly.

If this happened today…

Two brothers, estranged for years after a bitter business failure, run into each other at the gym. One's now thriving in a startup; the other spent the last eighteen months living rough, working his way back. The thriving one says he missed him every day. The struggling one, seeing this success, sees nothing but betrayal.

Continue to 3.2 →