← 2.9
Act 3, Scene 1 — Venice. A street.
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The argument Salarino and Solanio discuss ship-loss rumours. Shylock confronts them about Jessica's flight, then delivers the 'Hath not a Jew eyes' speech, escalating to his vow of revenge. Antonio's creditors confirm his ruin. Tubal brings alternating news: Jessica spent eighty ducats in one night; but Antonio's argosy has wrecked. Then: Leah's ring. Shylock commissions an officer to be ready to arrest Antonio.
Enter Solanio and Salarino.
SOLANIO

Now, what news on the Rialto?

Now, what news on the Rialto?

Now, what news on the Rialto?

Now, what news on the Rialto

SALARINO

Why, yet it lives there unchecked that Antonio hath a ship of rich

lading wrack’d on the narrow seas; the Goodwins, I think they call the

place, a very dangerous flat and fatal, where the carcasses of many a

tall ship lie buried, as they say, if my gossip Report be an honest

woman of her word.

Why, yet it lives there unchecked that Antonio has a ship of rich lading wrack’d on the narrow seas; the Goodwins, I think they call the place, a very dangerous flat and fatal, where the carcasses of many a tall ship lie buried, as they say, if my gossip Report be an honest woman of her word.

Why, yet it lives there unchecked that Antonio has a ship of rich lading wrack’d on the narrow seas; the Goodwins, I think they call the place, a very dangerous flat and fatal, where the carcasses of many a tall ship lie buried, as they say, if my gossip Report be an honest woman of her word.

Why, yet it lives there unchecked that Antonio has a ship of rich lading wrack’d on the narrow seas; the Goodwins, I think they call the place, a very dangerous flat and fatal, where the carcasses of many a tall ship lie buried, as they say, if my gossip Report be an honest woman of her word

SOLANIO

I would she were as lying a gossip in that as ever knapped ginger or

made her neighbours believe she wept for the death of a third husband.

But it is true, without any slips of prolixity or crossing the plain

highway of talk, that the good Antonio, the honest Antonio,—O that I

had a title good enough to keep his name company!—

I would she were as lying a gossip in that as ever knapped ginger or made her neighbours believe she wept for the death of a third husband. But it is true, without any slips of prolixity or crossing the plain highway of talk, that the good Antonio, the honest Antonio,—O that I had a title good enough to keep his name company!—

I would she were as lying a gossip in that as ever knapped ginger or made her neighbours believe she wept for the death of a third husband. But it is true, without any slips of prolixity or crossing the plain highway of talk, that the good Antonio, the honest Antonio,—O that I had a title good enough to keep his name company!—

I would she were as lying a gossip in that as ever knapped ginger or made her neighbours believe she wept for the death of a third husband But it is true, without any slips of prolixity or crossing the plain highway of talk, that the good Antonio, the honest Antonio,—O that I had a title good enough to keep his name company —

SALARINO

Come, the full stop.

Come, the full stop.

Come, the full stop.

Come, the full stop

SOLANIO

Ha, what sayest thou? Why, the end is, he hath lost a ship.

Ha, what sayest you? Why, the end is, he has lost a ship.

Ha, what sayest you? Why, the end is, he has lost a ship.

Ha, what sayest you Why, the end is, he has lost a ship

SALARINO

I would it might prove the end of his losses.

I would it might prove the end of his losses.

I would it might prove the end of his losses.

I would it might prove the end of his losses

SOLANIO

Let me say “amen” betimes, lest the devil cross my prayer, for here he

comes in the likeness of a Jew.

Let me say “amen” betimes, lest the devil cross my prayer, for here he comes in the likeness of a Jew.

Let me say “amen” betimes, lest the devil cross my prayer, for here he comes in the likeness of a Jew.

Let me say “amen” betimes, lest the devil cross my prayer, for here he comes in the likeness of a Jew

Enter Shylock.
How now, Shylock, what news among the merchants?
SHYLOCK

You knew, none so well, none so well as you, of my daughter’s flight.

You knew, none so well, none so well as you, of my daughter’s flight.

You knew, none so well, none so well as you, of my daughter’s flight.

You knew, none so well, none so well as you, of my daughter’s flight

SALARINO

That’s certain, I, for my part, knew the tailor that made the wings she

flew withal.

That’s certain, I, for my part, knew the tailor that made the wings she flew withal.

That’s certain, I, for my part, knew the tailor that made the wings she flew withal.

That’s certain, I, for my part, knew the tailor that made the wings she flew withal

SOLANIO

And Shylock, for his own part, knew the bird was fledged; and then it

is the complexion of them all to leave the dam.

And Shylock, for his own part, knew the bird was fledged; and then it is the complexion of them all to leave the dam.

And Shylock, for his own part, knew the bird was fledged; and then it is the complexion of them all to leave the dam.

And Shylock, for his own part, knew the bird was fledged; and then it is the complexion of them all to leave the dam

SHYLOCK

She is damn’d for it.

She is damn’d for it.

She is damn’d for it.

She is damn’d for it

SALARINO

That’s certain, if the devil may be her judge.

That’s certain, if the devil may be her judge.

That’s certain, if the devil may be her judge.

That’s certain, if the devil may be her judge

SHYLOCK

My own flesh and blood to rebel!

My own flesh and blood to rebel!

My own flesh and blood to rebel!

My own flesh and blood to rebel

SOLANIO

Out upon it, old carrion! Rebels it at these years?

Out upon it, old carrion! Rebels it at these years?

Out upon it, old carrion! Rebels it at these years?

Out upon it, old carrion Rebels it at these years

SHYLOCK

I say my daughter is my flesh and my blood.

I say my daughter is my flesh and my blood.

I say my daughter is my flesh and my blood.

I say my daughter is my flesh and my blood

SALARINO

There is more difference between thy flesh and hers than between jet

and ivory, more between your bloods than there is between red wine and

Rhenish. But tell us, do you hear whether Antonio have had any loss at

sea or no?

There is more difference between your flesh and hers than between jet and ivory, more between your bloods than there is between red wine and Rhenish. But tell us, do you hear whether Antonio have had any loss at sea or no?

There is more difference between your flesh and hers than between jet and ivory, more between your bloods than there is between red wine and Rhenish. But tell us, do you hear whether Antonio have had any loss at sea or no?

There is more difference between your flesh and hers than between jet and ivory, more between your bloods than there is between red wine and Rhenish But tell us, do you hear whether Antonio have had any loss at sea or no

SHYLOCK

There I have another bad match, a bankrupt, a prodigal, who dare scarce

show his head on the Rialto, a beggar that used to come so smug upon

the mart; let him look to his bond. He was wont to call me usurer; let

him look to his bond: he was wont to lend money for a Christian cur’sy;

let him look to his bond.

There I have another bad match, a bankrupt, a prodigal, who dare scarce show his head on the Rialto, a beggar that used to come so smug upon the mart; let him look to his bond. He was wont to call me usurer; let him look to his bond: he was wont to lend money for a Christian cur’sy; let him look to his bond.

There I have another bad match, a bankrupt, a prodigal, who dare scarce show his head on the Rialto, a beggar that used to come so smug upon the mart; let him look to his bond. He was wont to call me usurer; let him look to his bond: he was wont to lend money for a Christian cur’sy; let him look to his bond.

There I have another bad match, a bankrupt, a prodigal, who dare scarce show his head on the Rialto, a beggar that used to come so smug upon the mart; let him look to his bond He was wont to call me usurer; let him look to his bond: he was wont to lend money for a Christian cur’sy; let him look to his bond

Why it matters Shylock's 'let him look to his bond' — said three times — is the moment grief turns to strategy. He has lost his daughter; now he focuses entirely on the one thing he can still control. The repetition is ritual.
SALARINO

Why, I am sure if he forfeit, thou wilt not take his flesh! What’s that

good for?

Why, I am sure if he forfeit, you will not take his flesh! What’s that good for?

Why, I am sure if he forfeit, you will not take his flesh! What’s that good for?

Why, I am sure if he forfeit, you will not take his flesh What’s that good for

SHYLOCK

To bait fish withal; if it will feed nothing else, it will feed my

revenge. He hath disgrac’d me and hind’red me half a million, laugh’d

at my losses, mock’d at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my

bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies. And what’s his

reason? I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs,

dimensions, senses, affections, passions? Fed with the same food, hurt

with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same

means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer as a Christian

is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not

laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we

not revenge? If we are like you in the rest, we will resemble you in

that. If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility? Revenge. If a

Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian

example? Why, revenge! The villainy you teach me I will execute, and it

shall go hard but I will better the instruction.

To bait fish withal; if it will feed nothing else, it will feed my revenge. He has disgrac’d me and hind’red me half a million, laugh’d at my losses, mock’d at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies. And what’s his reason? I am a Jew. has not a Jew eyes? has not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? Fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer as a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we not revenge? If we are like you in the rest, we will resemble you in that. If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why, revenge! The villainy you teach me I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction.

To bait fish withal; if it will feed nothing else, it will feed my revenge. He has disgrac’d me and hind’red me half a million, laugh’d at my losses, mock’d at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies. And what’s his reason? I am a Jew. has not a Jew eyes? has not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? Fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer as a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we not revenge? If we are like you in the rest, we will resemble you in that. If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why, revenge! The villainy you teach me I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction.

To bait fish withal; if it will feed nothing else, it will feed my revenge He has disgrac’d me and hind’red me half a million, laugh’d at my losses, mock’d at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies And what’s his reason I am a Jew has not a Jew eyes has not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions

"Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions?" The most famous speech in the play — but the argument ends not in a call for equality or mercy, but in a claim to revenge. Shylock doesn't say 'therefore treat me as an equal.' He says 'therefore I will do to you what you do to me.' The speech is simultaneously the strongest case for Shylock's humanity and his explicit statement of what he intends to do with it.
"The villainy you teach me I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction" Shylock's closing line inverts the Christian moral framework: he is not the villain — he is the student of villains. They taught him; he intends to graduate. This is either chilling or completely just, depending on how much weight you've given the preceding speech.
Why it matters This is the speech. But the most important thing to know about it is where it ends. It begins as a plea for recognition of common humanity and closes as an announcement of revenge. Shylock's logic is: 'We are the same — and you have wronged me — so I will do what you would do.' The argument for his humanity is the argument for his revenge. They are not separate.
↩ Callback to 1-3 In 1-3, Antonio spat on Shylock and called him a dog. The 'Hath not a Jew eyes' speech is the direct emotional consequence — the accumulated humiliations made audible.
Enter a man from Antonio.
SERVANT

Gentlemen, my master Antonio is at his house, and desires to speak with

you both.

Gentlemen, my master Antonio is at his house, and desires to speak with you both.

Gentlemen, my master Antonio is at his house, and desires to speak with you both.

Gentlemen, my master Antonio is at his house, and desires to speak with you both

SALARINO

We have been up and down to seek him.

We have been up and down to seek him.

We have been up and down to seek him.

We have been up and down to seek him

Enter Tubal.
SOLANIO

Here comes another of the tribe; a third cannot be match’d, unless the

devil himself turn Jew.

Here comes another of the tribe; a third cannot be match’d, unless the devil himself turn Jew.

Here comes another of the tribe; a third cannot be match’d, unless the devil himself turn Jew.

Here comes another of the tribe; a third cannot be match’d, unless the devil himself turn Jew

[_Exeunt Solanio, Salarino and the Servant._]
SHYLOCK

How now, Tubal, what news from Genoa? Hast thou found my daughter?

How now, Tubal, what news from Genoa? Hast you found my daughter?

How now, Tubal, what news from Genoa? Hast you found my daughter?

How now, Tubal, what news from Genoa Hast you found my daughter

TUBAL

I often came where I did hear of her, but cannot find her.

I often came where I did hear of her, but cannot find her.

I often came where I did hear of her, but cannot find her.

I often came where I did hear of her, but cannot find her

SHYLOCK

Why there, there, there, there! A diamond gone cost me two thousand

ducats in Frankfort! The curse never fell upon our nation till now, I

never felt it till now. Two thousand ducats in that, and other

precious, precious jewels. I would my daughter were dead at my foot,

and the jewels in her ear; would she were hearsed at my foot, and the

ducats in her coffin. No news of them? Why so? And I know not what’s

spent in the search. Why, thou—loss upon loss! The thief gone with so

much, and so much to find the thief, and no satisfaction, no revenge,

nor no ill luck stirring but what lights o’ my shoulders, no sighs but

o’ my breathing, no tears but o’ my shedding.

Why there, there, there, there! A diamond gone cost me two thousand ducats in Frankfort! The curse never fell upon our nation till now, I never felt it till now. Two thousand ducats in that, and other precious, precious jewels. I would my daughter were dead at my foot, and the jewels in her ear; would she were hearsed at my foot, and the ducats in her coffin. No news of them? Why so? And I know not what’s spent in the search. Why, you—loss upon loss! The thief gone with so much, and so much to find the thief, and no satisfaction, no revenge, nor no ill luck stirring but what lights o’ my shoulders, no sighs but o’ my breathing, no tears but o’ my shedding.

Why there, there, there, there! A diamond gone cost me two thousand ducats in Frankfort! The curse never fell upon our nation till now, I never felt it till now. Two thousand ducats in that, and other precious, precious jewels. I would my daughter were dead at my foot, and the jewels in her ear; would she were hearsed at my foot, and the ducats in her coffin. No news of them? Why so? And I know not what’s spent in the search. Why, you—loss upon loss! The thief gone with so much, and so much to find the thief, and no satisfaction, no revenge, nor no ill luck stirring but what lights o’ my shoulders, no sighs but o’ my breathing, no tears but o’ my shedding.

Why there, there, there, there A diamond gone cost me two thousand ducats in Frankfort The curse never fell upon our nation till now, I never felt it till now Two thousand ducats in that, and other precious, precious jewels I would my daughter were dead at my foot, and the jewels in her ear; would she were hearsed at my foot, and the ducats in her coffin No news of them

"I would my daughter were dead at my foot, and the jewels in her ear" One of the play's most shocking lines — and one of its most contested. Is this the authentic depth of Shylock's grief (grief so total it reaches for the unthinkable)? Or is it evidence that he values the jewels as much as the daughter? Shakespeare puts the thought in his mouth and lets the audience decide.
Why it matters Shylock's 'I would my daughter were dead at my foot' is one of the most troubling lines in the play. It is either a man in such agony that he reaches for an unbearable thought as the only way to contain his grief — or it is evidence that he genuinely equates his daughter with his property. Productions choose, and the choice defines everything.
TUBAL

Yes, other men have ill luck too. Antonio, as I heard in Genoa—

Yes, other men have ill luck too. Antonio, as I heard in Genoa—

Yes, other men have ill luck too. Antonio, as I heard in Genoa—

Yes, other men have ill luck too Antonio, as I heard in Genoa—

SHYLOCK

What, what, what? Ill luck, ill luck?

What, what, what? Ill luck, ill luck?

What, what, what? Ill luck, ill luck?

What, what, what Ill luck, ill luck

TUBAL

—hath an argosy cast away coming from Tripolis.

—has an argosy cast away coming from Tripolis.

—has an argosy cast away coming from Tripolis.

—has an argosy cast away coming from Tripolis

SHYLOCK

I thank God! I thank God! Is it true, is it true?

I thank God! I thank God! Is it true, is it true?

I thank God! I thank God! Is it true, is it true?

I thank God I thank God Is it true, is it true

TUBAL

I spoke with some of the sailors that escaped the wrack.

I spoke with some of the sailors that escaped the wrack.

I spoke with some of the sailors that escaped the wrack.

I spoke with some of the sailors that escaped the wrack

SHYLOCK

I thank thee, good Tubal. Good news, good news! Ha, ha, heard in Genoa?

I thank you, good Tubal. Good news, good news! Ha, ha, heard in Genoa?

I thank you, good Tubal. Good news, good news! Ha, ha, heard in Genoa?

I thank you, good Tubal Good news, good news Ha, ha, heard in Genoa

TUBAL

Your daughter spent in Genoa, as I heard, one night, fourscore ducats.

Your daughter spent in Genoa, as I heard, one night, fourscore ducats.

Your daughter spent in Genoa, as I heard, one night, fourscore ducats.

Your daughter spent in Genoa, as I heard, one night, fourscore ducats

SHYLOCK

Thou stick’st a dagger in me. I shall never see my gold again.

Fourscore ducats at a sitting! Fourscore ducats!

you stick’st a dagger in me. I shall never see my gold again. Fourscore ducats at a sitting! Fourscore ducats!

you stick’st a dagger in me. I shall never see my gold again. Fourscore ducats at a sitting! Fourscore ducats!

you stick’st a dagger in me I shall never see my gold again Fourscore ducats at a sitting Fourscore ducats

TUBAL

There came divers of Antonio’s creditors in my company to Venice that

swear he cannot choose but break.

There came divers of Antonio’s creditors in my company to Venice that swear he cannot choose but break.

There came divers of Antonio’s creditors in my company to Venice that swear he cannot choose but break.

There came divers of Antonio’s creditors in my company to Venice that swear he cannot choose but break

SHYLOCK

I am very glad of it. I’ll plague him, I’ll torture him. I am glad of

it.

I am very glad of it. I’ll plague him, I’ll torture him. I am glad of it.

I am very glad of it. I’ll plague him, I’ll torture him. I am glad of it.

I am very glad of it I’ll plague him, I’ll torture him I am glad of it

TUBAL

One of them showed me a ring that he had of your daughter for a monkey.

One of them showed me a ring that he had of your daughter for a monkey.

One of them showed me a ring that he had of your daughter for a monkey.

One of them showed me a ring that he had of your daughter for a monkey

SHYLOCK

Out upon her! Thou torturest me, Tubal. It was my turquoise, I had it

of Leah when I was a bachelor. I would not have given it for a

wilderness of monkeys.

Out upon her! you torturest me, Tubal. It was my turquoise, I had it of Leah when I was a bachelor. I would not have given it for a wilderness of monkeys.

Out upon her! you torturest me, Tubal. It was my turquoise, I had it of Leah when I was a bachelor. I would not have given it for a wilderness of monkeys.

Out upon her you torturest me, Tubal It was my turquoise, I had it of Leah when I was a bachelor I would not have given it for a wilderness of monkeys

"I had it of Leah when I was a bachelor" The most humanising moment in Shylock's portrayal. Leah is Shylock's dead wife — never mentioned elsewhere in the play. In one sentence, Shakespeare reveals: he was once a young man in love; the ring was a token; Leah is gone; and Jessica sold it for a monkey. The grief here is irreducible.
Why it matters This is the line that changes everything. Shylock's grief over money has been mockable — but the ring Leah gave him when he was a bachelor is not money. It is time, and love, and a dead woman, and a marriage that preceded everything. Jessica sold it for a monkey. The play offers no commentary.
TUBAL

But Antonio is certainly undone.

But Antonio is certainly undone.

But Antonio is certainly undone.

But Antonio is certainly undone

SHYLOCK

Nay, that’s true, that’s very true. Go, Tubal, fee me an officer;

bespeak him a fortnight before. I will have the heart of him if he

forfeit, for were he out of Venice I can make what merchandise I will.

Go, Tubal, and meet me at our synagogue. Go, good Tubal, at our

synagogue, Tubal.

no, that’s true, that’s very true. Go, Tubal, fee me an officer; bespeak him a fortnight before. I will have the heart of him if he forfeit, for were he out of Venice I can make what merchandise I will. Go, Tubal, and meet me at our synagogue. Go, good Tubal, at our synagogue, Tubal.

no, that’s true, that’s very true. Go, Tubal, fee me an officer; bespeak him a fortnight before. I will have the heart of him if he forfeit, for were he out of Venice I can make what merchandise I will. Go, Tubal, and meet me at our synagogue. Go, good Tubal, at our synagogue, Tubal.

no, that’s true, that’s very true Go, Tubal, fee me an officer; bespeak him a fortnight before I will have the heart of him if he forfeit, for were he out of Venice I can make what merchandise I will Go, Tubal, and meet me at our synagogue Go, good Tubal, at our synagogue, Tubal

Why it matters Shylock's final speech — meeting Tubal at the synagogue, commissioning the officer — is the scene's turn from grief to action. He has been humiliated, robbed, and reminded of his dead wife. Now he is making a plan. The repeated 'at our synagogue' is the one moment he names his community, his faith, his world — the world that is not Venice.
🎭 Dramatic irony Shylock commissions the officer as Antonio's situation deteriorates — but the audience who has been to Belmont knows Portia is already planning to intervene. Shylock's trap is closing on a man who doesn't yet know his rescue is being arranged.
[_Exeunt._]

The Reckoning

The pivotal scene of the play's middle section. Shylock arrives a figure of mockery (Solanio announces him as 'the devil in the likeness of a Jew') and leaves a figure who has decided to destroy a man. In between, Shakespeare gives him one of the most powerful speeches in the canon — and then gives the speech an ending that most discussions quietly skip past. 'Hath not a Jew eyes' is not a plea for tolerance. It is an argument for revenge. The Tubal sequence that follows is the scene's other extraordinary passage: Shylock oscillating between grief at Jessica and elation at Antonio's ruin, his emotional register swinging line by line. And then: the ring Leah gave him. One line. It lands like a stone.

If this happened today…

A man comes into a public space where people who hate him are gathered. They mock his reaction to his daughter running away — they were there. He tries to make them see him as a person. He succeeds, briefly, at making the argument. Then he pivots: 'and if you do it, I'll do it back.' His lawyer friend comes in. They step aside. Good news: the guy who borrowed your money is ruined. Bad news: your daughter spent your savings in one night. Good news: more ships wrecked. Bad news: she sold your dead wife's ring for a monkey. He is silent for a moment. Then: 'Get me an officer. Have him ready.'

Continue to 3.2 →