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Act 1, Scene 1 — The King of Navarre’s park
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The argument The King of Navarre and three lords swear a three-year oath of celibacy and study, then immediately discover the oath is already impossible — and arrest Costard for consorting with Jaquenetta.
Enter Ferdinand, King of Navarre, Berowne, Longaville and Dumaine.
First appearance
KING

He speaks in grand proclamations that slightly outrun his grasp of reality — idealism expressed with the confidence of someone who hasn't tested it. Watch for the gap between his rhetoric and his behavior.

KING ≋ verse This will be my masterpiece—a court of pure reason.

Let fame, that all hunt after in their lives,

Live registered upon our brazen tombs,

And then grace us in the disgrace of death;

When, spite of cormorant devouring time,

Th’ endeavour of this present breath may buy

That honour which shall bate his scythe’s keen edge,

And make us heirs of all eternity.

Therefore, brave conquerors, for so you are

That war against your own affections

And the huge army of the world’s desires,

Our late edict shall strongly stand in force.

Navarre shall be the wonder of the world;

Our court shall be a little academe,

Still and contemplative in living art.

You three, Berowne, Dumaine and Longaville,

Have sworn for three years’ term to live with me,

My fellow-scholars, and to keep those statutes

That are recorded in this schedule here.

Your oaths are passed, and now subscribe your names,

That his own hand may strike his honour down

That violates the smallest branch herein.

If you are armed to do as sworn to do,

Subscribe to your deep oaths, and keep it too.

Let fame—which everyone hunts for in life—be recorded on our bronze tombs, then honor us even in death. When time, which devours all things, has done its worst, let what we accomplish now protect our reputation and dull its blade. We will become the heirs of immortality. Therefore, brave conquerors—you who war against your own desires and the world’s endless temptations—this new decree will stand firm. Navarre will be the marvel of the world. Our court will be a small academy, quiet and devoted to learning. You three—Berowne, Dumaine, and Longaville—have sworn to live with me for three years as fellow scholars and keep the rules written here. Your oaths are made; now sign your names so your own hand condemns you if you break the smallest rule. If you are committed to keeping these oaths, sign them now.

Look, everyone chases fame their whole lives. Let their achievements be carved on stone so people remember them after they’re dead. No matter what time destroys, what we accomplish will last forever. You three are brave because you’re fighting your own desires and all the world’s temptations. This rule is locked in. Navarre is going to be amazing. We’re turning our court into a little academy—quiet, scholarly, totally focused on thinking. You swore to stay with me for three years and follow these rules. You already made the oath, so sign now. If you break even one small thing, that’s on you. If you mean it, sign it.

we’re doing this three years no distractions navarre becomes legendary sign right now

"Our court shall be a little academe" Refers to Plato's Academy, the philosophical school in Athens — the King is explicitly modeling his court on ancient Greek ideals of pure intellectual life.
Why it matters This is the founding speech of the play's central joke: a King announcing a utopia of reason at the exact moment when that utopia will be proven impossible.
First appearance
LONGAVILLE

The eager middle-manager of the group — he signs first, devises the harshest penalties, and speaks in tidy couplets. Watch for his earnestness as a marker of how far he has to fall.

LONGAVILLE ≋ verse I'm convinced this is the right path.

I am resolved. ’Tis but a three years’ fast.

The mind shall banquet, though the body pine.

Fat paunches have lean pates, and dainty bits

Make rich the ribs, but bankrupt quite the wits.

I am resolved. It is only a three-year fast. The mind shall feast even though the body suffers from hunger. Fat bellies create empty heads, and luxuries dull the mind. All sensual pleasures cloud judgment. Therefore, I accept this oath with a clear conscience.

I'm in. Three years is nothing. Your mind can thrive even when your body is hungry. Rich food makes you lazy and stupid. Pleasure gets in the way of thinking clearly. So yeah, I'm signing this. Bring it on.

im in three years no food will sharpen my mind lets do this

[_He signs._]
First appearance
DUMAINE

He speaks with philosophical serenity — "Dumaine is mortified" — as if he is narrating a saint's life. Watch for the gap between this self-portrait and what he does the moment Kate shows up.

DUMAINE ≋ verse DUMAINE is speaking with conviction.

My loving lord, Dumaine is mortified.

The grosser manner of these world’s delights

He throws upon the gross world’s baser slaves.

To love, to wealth, to pomp, I pine and die,

With all these living in philosophy.

My loving lord, Dumaine is mortified. The grosser manner of these world’s delights He throws upon the gross world’s baser slaves. To love, to wealth, to pomp, I pine and die, With all these living in philosophy.

My loving lord, Dumaine is mortified. The grosser manner of these world’s delights He throws upon the gross world’s baser slaves. To love, to wealth, to pomp, I pine and die, With all these living in philosophy.

my loving lord, dumaine is mortified

[_He signs._]
First appearance
BEROWNE

The sharpest tongue in the room, and he knows it — he argues against every position he then adopts, and he's always right about the argument even when he loses the vote. Watch for him being the first to see through any pretense, including his own.

BEROWNE ≋ verse BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

I can but say their protestation over.

So much, dear liege, I have already sworn,

That is, to live and study here three years.

But there are other strict observances:

As not to see a woman in that term,

Which I hope well is not enrolled there;

And one day in a week to touch no food,

And but one meal on every day beside,

The which I hope is not enrolled there;

And then to sleep but three hours in the night,

And not be seen to wink of all the day,

When I was wont to think no harm all night,

And make a dark night too of half the day,

Which I hope well is not enrolled there.

O, these are barren tasks, too hard to keep,

Not to see ladies, study, fast, not sleep.

I can but say their protestation over. So much, dear liege, I have already sworn, That is, to live and study here three years. But there are other strict observances: As not to see a woman in that term, Which I hope well is not enrolled there; And one day in a week to touch no food, And but one meal on every day beside, The which I hope is not enrolled there; And then to sleep but three hours in the night, And not be seen to wink of all the day, When I was wont to think no harm all night, And make a dark night too of half the day, Which I hope well is not enrolled there. O, these are barren tasks, too hard to keep, Not to see ladies, study, fast, not sleep.

I can but say their protestation over. So much, dear liege, I have already sworn, That is, to live and study here three years. But there are other strict observances: As not to see a woman in that term, Which I hope well is not enrolled there; And one day in a week to touch no food, And but one meal

i can but say their protestation over

"these are barren tasks, too hard to keep" Berowne is the only one who points out that the oath is structurally impossible before anyone signs it. His objection is both the clearest argument in the scene and completely ignored.
KING KING is speaking.

Your oath is passed to pass away from these.

Your oath is passed to pass away from these.

Your oath is passed to pass away from these.

your oath is passed to pass away from these

BEROWNE ≋ verse BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

Let me say no, my liege, an if you please.

I only swore to study with your Grace

And stay here in your court for three years’ space.

Let me say no, my liege, an if you please. I only swore to study with your Grace And stay here in your court for three years’ space.

Let me say no, my liege, an if you please. I only swore to study with your Grace And stay here in your court for three years’ space.

let me say no, my liege, an if you please

LONGAVILLE LONGAVILLE is speaking.

You swore to that, Berowne, and to the rest.

You swore to that, Berowne, and to the rest.

You swore to that, Berowne, and to the rest.

you swore to that, berowne, and to the rest

BEROWNE ≋ verse BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

By yea and nay, sir, then I swore in jest.

What is the end of study, let me know?

By yea and nay, sir, then I swore in jest. What is the end of study, let me know?

By yea and nay, sir, then I swore in jest. What is the end of study, let me know?

by yea and nay, sir, then i swore in jest

KING KING is objecting or denying.

Why, that to know which else we should not know.

Why, that to know which else we should not know.

Why, that to know which else we should not know.

why, that to know which else we should not know

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

Things hid and barred, you mean, from common sense?

Things hid and barred, you mean, from common sense?

Things hid and barred, you mean, from common sense?

things hid and barred, you mean, from common sense

KING KING is commanding action.

Ay, that is study’s god-like recompense.

Ay, that is study’s god-like recompense.

Ay, that is study’s god-like recompense.

ay, that is study’s god-like recompense

BEROWNE ≋ verse BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

Come on, then, I will swear to study so,

To know the thing I am forbid to know:

As thus, to study where I well may dine,

When I to feast expressly am forbid;

Or study where to meet some mistress fine,

When mistresses from common sense are hid;

Or, having sworn too hard-a-keeping oath,

Study to break it, and not break my troth.

If study’s gain be thus, and this be so,

Study knows that which yet it doth not know.

Swear me to this, and I will ne’er say no.

Come on, then, I will swear to study so, To know the thing I am forbid to know: As thus, to study where I well may dine, When I to feast expressly am forbid; Or study where to meet some mistress fine, When mistresses from common sense are hid; Or, having sworn too hard-a-keeping oath, Study to break it, and not break my troth. If study’s gain be thus, and this be so, Study knows that which yet it does not know. Swear me to this, and I will ne’er say no.

Come on, then, I will swear to study so, To know the thing I am forbid to know: As thus, to study where I well may dine, When I to feast expressly am forbid; Or study where to meet some mistress fine, When mistresses from common sense are hid; Or, having sworn too hard-a-keeping oath, Study to break

come on, then, i will swear to study so, to know the thing i am forbid to know: as thus, to study wh

KING ≋ verse KING is speaking with conviction.

These be the stops that hinder study quite,

And train our intellects to vain delight.

These be the stops that hinder study quite, And train our intellects to vain delight.

These be the stops that hinder study quite, And train our intellects to vain delight.

these be the stops that hinder study quite, and train our intellects to vain delight

BEROWNE ≋ verse BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

Why, all delights are vain, but that most vain

Which, with pain purchased, doth inherit pain:

As painfully to pore upon a book

To seek the light of truth, while truth the while

Doth falsely blind the eyesight of his look.

Light seeking light doth light of light beguile;

So, ere you find where light in darkness lies,

Your light grows dark by losing of your eyes.

Study me how to please the eye indeed

By fixing it upon a fairer eye,

Who dazzling so, that eye shall be his heed,

And give him light that it was blinded by.

Study is like the heaven’s glorious sun,

That will not be deep-searched with saucy looks;

Small have continual plodders ever won,

Save base authority from others’ books.

These earthly godfathers of heaven’s lights,

That give a name to every fixed star,

Have no more profit of their shining nights

Than those that walk and wot not what they are.

Too much to know is to know naught but fame,

And every godfather can give a name.

Why, all delights are vain, but that most vain Which, with pain purchased, does inherit pain: As painfully to pore upon a book To seek the light of truth, while truth the while Doth falsely blind the eyesight of his look. Light seeking light does light of light beguile; So, ere you find where light in darkness lies, Your light grows dark by losing of your eyes. Study me how to please the eye indeed By fixing it upon a fairer eye, Who dazzling so, that eye shall be his heed, And give him light that it was blinded by. Study is like the heaven’s glorious sun, That will not be deep-searched with saucy looks; Small have continual plodders ever won, Save base authority from others’ books. These earehly godfathers of heaven’s lights, That give a name to every fixed star, Have no more profit of their shining nights Than those that walk and wot not what they are. Too much to know is to know naught but fame, And every godfather can give a name.

Why, all delights are vain, but that most vain Which, with pain purchased, does inherit pain: As painfully to pore upon a book To seek the light of truth, while truth the while Doth falsely blind the eyesight of his look. Light seeking light does light of light beguile; So, ere you find where light

why, all delights are vain, but that most vain which, with pain purchased, does inherit pain: as pai

"Light seeking light doth light of light beguile" One of Berowne's most deliberately tortured wordplays — 'light' meaning eyesight, sunlight, and enlightenment all at once. He's deliberately showing off that pure rhetoric can tie itself in knots.
Why it matters This is Berowne's first real speech — a self-defeating argument that argues against argument, and against study through an extraordinarily studied piece of rhetoric. This is his voice in miniature: brilliant, self-aware, and completely unable to stop himself.
KING KING is speaking.

How well he’s read, to reason against reading.

How well he’s read, to reason against reading.

How well he’s read, to reason against reading.

how well he’s read, to reason against reading

DUMAINE DUMAINE is commanding action.

Proceeded well, to stop all good proceeding.

Proceeded well, to stop all good proceeding.

Proceeded well, to stop all good proceeding.

proceeded well, to stop all good proceeding

LONGAVILLE LONGAVILLE is speaking with conviction.

He weeds the corn, and still lets grow the weeding.

He weeds the corn, and still lets grow the weeding.

He weeds the corn, and still lets grow the weeding.

he weeds the corn, and still lets grow the weeding

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

The spring is near when green geese are a-breeding.

The spring is near when green geese are a-breeding.

The spring is near when green geese are a-breeding.

the spring is near when green geese are a-breeding

DUMAINE DUMAINE is speaking.

How follows that?

How follows that?

How follows that?

how follows that

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

Fit in his place and time.

Fit in his place and time.

Fit in his place and time.

fit in his place and time

DUMAINE DUMAINE is objecting or denying.

In reason nothing.

In reason nothing.

In reason nothing.

in reason nothing

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

Something then in rhyme.

Something then in rhyme.

Something then in rhyme.

something then in rhyme

LONGAVILLE ≋ verse LONGAVILLE is speaking with conviction.

Berowne is like an envious sneaping frost

That bites the first-born infants of the spring.

Berowne is like an envious sneaping frost That bites the first-born infants of the spring.

Berowne is like an envious sneaping frost That bites the first-born infants of the spring.

berowne is like an envious sneaping frost that bites the first-born infants of the spring

BEROWNE ≋ verse BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

Well, say I am. Why should proud summer boast

Before the birds have any cause to sing?

Why should I joy in any abortive birth?

At Christmas I no more desire a rose

Than wish a snow in May’s new-fangled shows,

But like of each thing that in season grows.

So you, to study now it is too late,

Climb o’er the house to unlock the little gate.

Well, say I am. Why should proud summer boast Before the birds have any cause to sing? Why should I joy in any abortive birth? At Christmas I no more desire a rose Than wish a snow in May’s new-fangled shows, But like of each thing that in season grows. So you, to study now it is too late, Climb o’er the house to unlock the little gate.

Well, say I am. Why should proud summer boast Before the birds have any cause to sing? Why should I joy in any abortive birth? At Christmas I no more desire a rose Than wish a snow in May’s new-fangled shows, But like of each thing that in season grows. So you, to study now it is too late, Climb o’e

well, say i am

KING KING is speaking.

Well, sit you out. Go home, Berowne. Adieu.

Well, sit you out. Go home, Berowne. Adieu.

Well, sit you out. Go home, Berowne. Adieu.

well, sit you out go home, berowne adieu

BEROWNE ≋ verse BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

No, my good lord, I have sworn to stay with you,

And though I have for barbarism spoke more

Than for that angel knowledge you can say,

Yet confident I’ll keep what I have sworn

And bide the penance of each three years’ day.

Give me the paper, let me read the same,

And to the strictest decrees I’ll write my name.

No, my good lord, I have sworn to stay with you, And yough I have for barbarism spoke more Than for that angel knowledge you can say, Yet confident I’ll keep what I have sworn And bide the penance of each three years’ day. Give me the paper, let me read the same, And to the strictest decrees I’ll write my name.

No, my good lord, I have sworn to stay with you, And yough I have for barbarism spoke more Than for that angel knowledge you can say, Yet confident I’ll keep what I have sworn And bide the penance of each three years’ day. Give me the paper, let me read the same, And to the strictest decrees I’ll wr

no, my good lord, i have sworn to stay with you, and yough i have for barbarism spoke more than for

Why it matters This is the moment Berowne becomes the play's central figure: he signs in full knowledge that the oath will fail, which makes him both the most intellectually honest character and the one whose hypocrisy will sting worst when he falls.
KING KING is speaking.

How well this yielding rescues thee from shame.

How well this yielding rescues you from shame.

How well this yielding rescues you from shame.

how well this yielding rescues you from shame

[_Reads_.] _Item, That no woman shall come within a mile of my court._
BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

Hath this been proclaimed?

has this been proclaimed?

has this been proclaimed?

has this been proclaimed

LONGAVILLE LONGAVILLE is commanding action.

Four days ago.

Four days ago.

Four days ago.

four days ago

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

Let’s see the penalty. [_Reads_.] _On pain of losing her tongue._ Who

devised this penalty?

Let’s see the penalty. [_Reads_.] _On pain of losing her tongue._ Who devised this penalty?

Let’s see the penalty. [_Reads_.] _On pain of losing her tongue._ Who devised this penalty?

let’s see the penalty

LONGAVILLE LONGAVILLE is speaking.

Marry, that did I.

indeed, that did I.

indeed, that did I.

indeed, that did i

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

Sweet lord, and why?

Sweet lord, and why?

Sweet lord, and why?

sweet lord, and why

LONGAVILLE LONGAVILLE is speaking.

To fright them hence with that dread penalty.

To fright them hence with that dread penalty.

To fright them hence with that dread penalty.

to fright them hence with that dread penalty

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

A dangerous law against gentility.

A dangerous law against gentility.

A dangerous law against gentility.

a dangerous law against gentility

[_Reads_.] _Item, If any man be seen to talk with a woman within the
term of three years, he shall endure such public shame as the rest of
the court can possibly devise._
This article, my liege, yourself must break,
For well you know here comes in embassy
The French King’s daughter, with yourself to speak—
A mild of grace and complete majesty—
About surrender up of Aquitaine
To her decrepit, sick, and bedrid father.
Therefore this article is made in vain,
Or vainly comes th’ admired Princess hither.
KING KING is commanding action.

What say you, lords? Why, this was quite forgot.

What say you, lords? Why, this was quite forgot.

What say you, lords? Why, this was quite forgot.

what say you, lords why, this was quite forgot

BEROWNE ≋ verse BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

So study evermore is overshot.

While it doth study to have what it would,

It doth forget to do the thing it should;

And when it hath the thing it hunteth most,

’Tis won as towns with fire: so won, so lost.

So study evermore is overshot. While it does study to have what it would, It does forget to do the thing it should; And when it has the thing it hunteth most, ’Tis won as towns with fire: so won, so lost.

So study evermore is overshot. While it does study to have what it would, It does forget to do the thing it should; And when it has the thing it hunteth most, ’Tis won as towns with fire: so won, so lost.

so study evermore is overshot

KING ≋ verse KING is speaking with conviction.

We must of force dispense with this decree.

She must lie here on mere necessity.

We must of force dispense with this decree. She must lie here on mere necessity.

We must of force dispense with this decree. She must lie here on mere necessity.

we must of force dispense with this decree

BEROWNE ≋ verse BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

Necessity will make us all forsworn

Three thousand times within this three years’ space;

For every man with his affects is born,

Not by might mastered, but by special grace.

If I break faith, this word shall speak for me:

I am forsworn on mere necessity.

So to the laws at large I write my name,

And he that breaks them in the least degree

Stands in attainder of eternal shame.

Suggestions are to other as to me;

But I believe, although I seem so loath,

I am the last that will last keep his oath.

Necessity will make us all forsworn Three yousand times within this three years’ space; For every man with his affects is born, Not by might mastered, but by special grace. If I break faith, this word shall speak for me: I am forsworn on mere necessity. So to the laws at large I write my name, And he that breaks them in the least degree Stands in attainder of eternal shame. Suggestions are to other as to me; But I believe, alyough I seem so loath, I am the last that will last keep his oath.

Necessity will make us all forsworn Three yousand times within this three years’ space; For every man with his affects is born, Not by might mastered, but by special grace. If I break faith, this word shall speak for me: I am forsworn on mere necessity. So to the laws at large I write my name, And h

necessity will make us all forsworn three yousand times within this three years’ space; for every ma

Why it matters The last two lines are the play's central dramatic irony in miniature: Berowne predicts he will be the last to fall, but he's already emotionally invested in Rosaline. He is wrong in the exact way he knows he is wrong.
🎭 Dramatic irony Berowne says he will be 'the last that will last keep his oath' — meaning he'll hold out longest. But the audience already knows from 1-1-007 that he's been arguing against the oath, and from Rosaline's appearance in 2-1 we'll know he's already entangled. He's the first to fall emotionally, even while being last to confess.
[_He signs._]
But is there no quick recreation granted?
KING ≋ verse KING is speaking with conviction.

Ay, that there is. Our court, you know, is haunted

With a refined traveller of Spain,

A man in all the world’s new fashion planted,

That hath a mint of phrases in his brain;

One who the music of his own vain tongue

Doth ravish like enchanting harmony,

A man of complements, whom right and wrong

Have chose as umpire of their mutiny.

This child of fancy, that Armado hight,

For interim to our studies shall relate

In high-born words the worth of many a knight

From tawny Spain lost in the world’s debate.

How you delight, my lords, I know not, I,

But I protest I love to hear him lie,

And I will use him for my minstrelsy.

Ay, that there is. Our court, you know, is haunted With a refined traveller of Spain, A man in all the world’s new fashion planted, That has a mint of phrases in his brain; One who the music of his own vain tongue Doth ravish like enchanting harmony, A man of complements, whom right and wrong Have chose as umpire of their mutiny. This child of fancy, that Armado hight, For interim to our studies shall relate In high-born words the worth of many a knight From tawny Spain lost in the world’s debate. How you delight, my lords, I know not, I, But I protest I love to hear him lie, And I will use him for my minstrelsy.

Ay, that there is. Our court, you know, is haunted With a refined traveller of Spain, A man in all the world’s new fashion planted, That has a mint of phrases in his brain; One who the music of his own vain tongue Doth ravish like enchanting harmony, A man of complements, whom right and wrong Have c

ay, that there is

BEROWNE ≋ verse BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

Armado is a most illustrious wight,

A man of fire-new words, fashion’s own knight.

Armado is a most illustrious wight, A man of fire-new words, fashion’s own knight.

Armado is a most illustrious wight, A man of fire-new words, fashion’s own knight.

armado is a most illustrious wight, a man of fire-new words, fashion’s own knight

LONGAVILLE ≋ verse LONGAVILLE is speaking with conviction.

Costard the swain and he shall be our sport,

And so to study three years is but short.

Costard the swain and he shall be our sport, And so to study three years is but short.

Costard the swain and he shall be our sport, And so to study three years is but short.

costard the swain and he shall be our sport, and so to study three years is but short

Enter Dull, a Constable, with a letter, and Costard.
First appearance
DULL

A constable who mangles official language with beautiful consistency — "I myself reprehend his own person" instead of "represent." Watch for his malapropisms as a running joke on the gap between institutional authority and actual wit.

DULL DULL is speaking.

Which is the Duke’s own person?

Which is the Duke’s own person?

Which is the Duke’s own person?

which is the duke’s own person

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

This, fellow. What wouldst?

This, fellow. What would?

This, fellow. What 'd?

this, fellow what wouldst

DULL DULL is speaking with conviction.

I myself reprehend his own person, for I am his Grace’s farborough. But

I would see his own person in flesh and blood.

I myself reprehend his own person, for I am his Grace’s farborough. But I would see his own person in flesh and blood.

I myself reprehend his own person, for I am his Grace’s farborough. But I would see his own person in flesh and blood.

i myself reprehend his own person, for i am his grace’s farborough

"I myself reprehend his own person" Dull means 'represent' but says 'reprehend' (to criticize). This is his first malapropism — he will spend the whole play using words that mean something slightly wrong.
BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

This is he.

This is he.

This is he.

this is he

DULL DULL is speaking with conviction.

Signior Arm… Arm… commends you. There’s villainy abroad. This letter

will tell you more.

Signior Arm… Arm… commends you. There’s villainy abroad. This letter will tell you more.

Signior Arm… Arm… commends you. There’s villainy abroad. This letter will tell you more.

signior arm… arm… commends you

First appearance
COSTARD

The clown who is also the most honest man in the scene — he confesses everything, argues about word choice with cheerful precision, and accepts his punishment with a shrug of genuine philosophy. Watch for him as the play's moral compass wrapped in foolishness.

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking.

Sir, the contempts thereof are as touching me.

Sir, the contempts thereof are as touching me.

Sir, the contempts thereof are as touching me.

sir, the contempts thereof are as touching me

KING KING is speaking.

A letter from the magnificent Armado.

A letter from the magnificent Armado.

A letter from the magnificent Armado.

a letter from the magnificent armado

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

How long soever the matter, I hope in God for high words.

How long soever the matter, I hope in God for high words.

How long soever the matter, I hope in God for high words.

how long soever the matter, i hope in god for high words

LONGAVILLE LONGAVILLE is speaking with conviction.

A high hope for a low heaven. God grant us patience!

A high hope for a low heaven. God grant us patience!

A high hope for a low heaven. God grant us patience!

a high hope for a low heaven

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

To hear, or forbear laughing?

To hear, or forbear laughing?

To hear, or forbear laughing?

to hear, or forbear laughing

LONGAVILLE LONGAVILLE is speaking with conviction.

To hear meekly, sir, and to laugh moderately, or to forbear both.

To hear meekly, sir, and to laugh moderately, or to forbear both.

To hear meekly, sir, and to laugh moderately, or to forbear both.

to hear meekly, sir, and to laugh moderately, or to forbear both

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

Well, sir, be it as the style shall give us cause to climb in the

merriness.

Well, sir, be it as the style shall give us cause to climb in the merriness.

Well, sir, be it as the style shall give us cause to climb in the merriness.

well, sir, be it as the style shall give us cause to climb in the merriness

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

The matter is to me, sir, as concerning Jaquenetta. The manner of it

is, I was taken with the manner.

The matter is to me, sir, as concerning Jaquenetta. The manner of it is, I was taken with the manner.

The matter is to me, sir, as concerning Jaquenetta. The manner of it is, I was taken with the manner.

the matter is to me, sir, as concerning jaquenetta

"I was taken with the manner" "Taken with the manner" means caught in the act — from "mainour," a legal term for being found with stolen goods. Costard turns it into a triple pun (manner/mainour/manor-house) in his next speech.
BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

In what manner?

In what manner?

In what manner?

in what manner

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

In manner and form following, sir, all those three. I was seen with her

in the manor-house, sitting with her upon the form, and taken following

her into the park, which, put together, is “in manner and form

following”. Now, sir, for the manner. It is the manner of a man to

speak to a woman. For the form—in some form.

In manner and form following, sir, all those three. I was seen with her in the manor-house, sitting with her upon the form, and taken following her into the park, which, put together, is “in manner and form following”. Now, sir, for the manner. It is the manner of a man to speak to a woman. For the form—in some form.

In manner and form following, sir, all those three. I was seen with her in the manor-house, sitting with her upon the form, and taken following her into the park, which, put together, is “in manner and form following”. Now, sir, for the manner. It is the manner of a man to speak to a woman. For the

in manner and form following, sir, all those three

"in the manor-house, sitting with her upon the form, and taken following" A triple pun: manner/manor (house), form (legal term for charge/bench to sit on), and following (the legal phrase). Costard has answered 'in what manner' by demonstrating that manner, manor, and form all happened literally.
BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

For the “following”, sir?

For the “following”, sir?

For the “following”, sir?

for the “following”, sir

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

As it shall follow in my correction, and God defend the right!

As it shall follow in my correction, and God defend the right!

As it shall follow in my correction, and God defend the right!

as it shall follow in my correction, and god defend the right

KING KING is speaking.

Will you hear this letter with attention?

Will you hear this letter with attention?

Will you hear this letter with attention?

will you hear this letter with attention

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

As we would hear an oracle.

As we would hear an oracle.

As we 'd hear an oracle.

as we would hear an oracle

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

Such is the simplicity of man to hearken after the flesh.

Such is the simplicity of man to hearken after the flesh.

Such is the simplicity of man to hearken after the flesh.

such is the simplicity of man to hearken after the flesh

[_Reads_.] _Great deputy, the welkin’s vicegerent and sole dominator of
KING KING is speaking with conviction.

Navarre, my soul’s earth’s god and body’s fostering patron—_

Navarre, my soul’s eareh’s god and body’s fostering patron—_

Navarre, my soul’s eareh’s god and body’s fostering patron—_

navarre, my soul’s eareh’s god and body’s fostering patron—_

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking.

Not a word of Costard yet.

Not a word of Costard yet.

Not a word of Costard yet.

not a word of costard yet

[_Reads_.] _So it is—_
COSTARD COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

It may be so; but if he say it is so, he is, in telling true, but so.

It may be so; but if he say it is so, he is, in telling true, but so.

It may be so; but if he say it is so, he is, in telling true, but so.

it may be so; but if he say it is so, he is, in telling true, but so

KING Stop. Be quiet.

Peace!

Peace!

Quiet.

shh

COSTARD COSTARD is objecting or denying.

Be to me, and every man that dares not fight.

Be to me, and every man that dares not fight.

Be to me, and every man that dares not fight.

be to me, and every man that dares not fight

KING Don't say anything.

No words!

No words!

Don't say anything.

say nothing

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking.

Of other men’s secrets, I beseech you.

Of other men’s secrets, I beseech you.

Of other men’s secrets, I beseech you.

of other men’s secrets, i beseech you

[_Reads_.] _So it is, besieged with sable-coloured melancholy, I did
KING KING is speaking with conviction.

commend the black-oppressing humour to the most wholesome physic of thy

health-giving air; and, as I am a gentleman, betook myself to walk. The

time when? About the sixth hour, when beasts most graze, birds best

peck, and men sit down to that nourishment which is called supper. So

much for the time when. Now for the ground which? Which, I mean, I

walked upon. It is ycleped thy park. Then for the place, where? Where,

I mean, I did encounter that obscene and most preposterous event that

draweth from my snow-white pen the ebon-coloured ink, which here thou

viewest, beholdest, surveyest, or seest. But to the place where? It

standeth north-north-east and by east from the west corner of thy

curious-knotted garden. There did I see that low-spirited swain, that

base minnow of thy mirth—_

commend the black-oppressing humour to the most wholesome physic of your health-giving air; and, as I am a gentleman, betook myself to walk. The time when? About the sixth hour, when beasts most graze, birds best peck, and men sit down to that nourishment which is called supper. So much for the time when. Now for the ground which? Which, I mean, I walked upon. It is ycleped your park. Then for the place, where? Where, I mean, I did encounter that obscene and most preposterous event that draweth from my snow-white pen the ebon-coloured ink, which here you viewest, beholdest, surveyest, or seest. But to the place where? It standeth north-north-east and by east from the west corner of your curious-knotted garden. There did I see that low-spirited swain, that base minnow of your mirth—_

commend the black-oppressing humour to the most wholesome physic of your health-giving air; and, as I am a gentleman, betook myself to walk. The time when? About the sixth hour, when beasts most graze, birds best peck, and men sit down to that nourishment which is called supper. So much for the time

commend the black-oppressing humour to the most wholesome physic of your health-giving air; and, as

COSTARD Am I the one?

Me?

Me?

Me?

me?

[_Reads_.] _That unlettered small-knowing soul—_
COSTARD Again, me?

Me?

Me?

Again?

me? again?

[_Reads_.] _That shallow vassal—_
COSTARD Still me?

Still me?

Still me?

Still me?

still me?

[_Reads_.] _Which, as I remember, hight Costard—_
COSTARD I'm in trouble.

O me!

Oh me!

Oh no.

oh no

[_Reads_.] _Sorted and consorted, contrary to thy established
KING KING is speaking with conviction.

proclaimed edict and continent canon, which with, O, with—but with this

I passion to say wherewith—_

proclaimed edict and continent canon, which with, O, with—but with this I passion to say wherewith—_

proclaimed edict and continent canon, which with, O, with—but with this I passion to say wherewith—_

proclaimed edict and continent canon, which with, o, with—but with this i passion to say wherewith—_

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking.

With a wench.

With a wench.

With a wench.

with a wench

[_Reads_.] _With a child of our grandmother Eve, a female; or, for thy
KING KING is speaking with conviction.

more sweet understanding, a woman. Him, I, as my ever-esteemed duty

pricks me on, have sent to thee, to receive the meed of punishment, by

thy sweet Grace’s officer, Antony Dull, a man of good repute, carriage,

bearing, and estimation._

more sweet understanding, a woman. Him, I, as my ever-esteemed duty pricks me on, have sent to you, to receive the meed of punishment, by your sweet Grace’s officer, Antony Dull, a man of good repute, carriage, bearing, and estimation._

more sweet understanding, a woman. Him, I, as my ever-esteemed duty pricks me on, have sent to you, to receive the meed of punishment, by your sweet Grace’s officer, Antony Dull, a man of good repute, carriage, bearing, and estimation._

more sweet understanding, a woman

DULL DULL is speaking.

Me, an’t shall please you; I am Antony Dull.

Me, an’t will please you; I am Antony Dull.

Me, an’t gonna please you; I am Antony Dull.

me, an’t shall please you; i am antony dull

[_Reads_.] _For Jaquenetta, so is the weaker vessel called which I
KING KING is speaking with conviction.

apprehended with the aforesaid swain, I keep her as a vessel of thy

law’s fury, and shall, at the least of thy sweet notice, bring her to

trial. Thine, in all compliments of devoted and heartburning heat of

duty,

Don Adriano de Armado._

apprehended with the aforesaid swain, I keep her as a vessel of your law’s fury, and shall, at the least of your sweet notice, bring her to trial. Thine, in all compliments of devoted and heareburning heat of duty, Don Adriano de Armado._

apprehended with the aforesaid swain, I keep her as a vessel of your law’s fury, and shall, at the least of your sweet notice, bring her to trial. Thine, in all compliments of devoted and heareburning heat of duty, Don Adriano de Armado._

apprehended with the aforesaid swain, i keep her as a vessel of your law’s fury, and shall, at the l

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

This is not so well as I looked for, but the best that ever I heard.

This is not so well as I looked for, but the best that ever I heard.

This is not so well as I looked for, but the best that ever I heard.

this is not so well as i looked for, but the best that ever i heard

KING KING is speaking with conviction.

Ay, the best for the worst. But, sirrah, what say you to this?

Ay, the best for the worst. But, sirrah, what say you to this?

Ay, the best for the worst. But, sirrah, what say you to this?

ay, the best for the worst

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking.

Sir, I confess the wench.

Sir, I confess the wench.

Sir, I confess the wench.

sir, i confess the wench

KING KING is speaking.

Did you hear the proclamation?

Did you hear the proclamation?

Did you hear the proclamation?

did you hear the proclamation

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

I do confess much of the hearing it, but little of the marking of it.

I do confess much of the hearing it, but little of the marking of it.

I do confess much of the hearing it, but little of the marking of it.

i do confess much of the hearing it, but little of the marking of it

KING KING is speaking with conviction.

It was proclaimed a year’s imprisonment to be taken with a wench.

It was proclaimed a year’s imprisonment to be taken with a wench.

It was proclaimed a year’s imprisonment to be taken with a wench.

it was proclaimed a year’s imprisonment to be taken with a wench

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

I was taken with none, sir. I was taken with a damsel.

I was taken with none, sir. I was taken with a damsel.

I was taken with none, sir. I was taken with a damsel.

i was taken with none, sir

KING KING is speaking.

Well, it was proclaimed “damsel”.

Well, it was proclaimed “damsel”.

Well, it was proclaimed “damsel”.

well, it was proclaimed “damsel”

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking.

This was no damsel neither, sir; she was a virgin.

This was no damsel neither, sir; she was a virgin.

This was no damsel neither, sir; she was a virgin.

this was no damsel neither, sir; she was a virgin

KING KING is speaking with conviction.

It is so varied too, for it was proclaimed “virgin”.

It is so varied too, for it was proclaimed “virgin”.

It is so varied too, for it was proclaimed “virgin”.

it is so varied too, for it was proclaimed “virgin”

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

If it were, I deny her virginity. I was taken with a maid.

If it were, I deny her virginity. I was taken with a maid.

If it were, I deny her virginity. I was taken with a maid.

if it were, i deny her virginity

KING KING is objecting or denying.

This maid will not serve your turn, sir.

This maid will not serve your turn, sir.

This maid gonna not serve your turn, sir.

this maid will not serve your turn, sir

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking.

This maid will serve my turn, sir.

This maid will serve my turn, sir.

This maid gonna serve my turn, sir.

this maid will serve my turn, sir

"This maid will serve my turn, sir" A lewd pun: 'serve my turn' means satisfy my needs/desires — both sexually and legally. The King means the word 'maid' won't save him. Costard means Jaquenetta certainly satisfied him.
KING KING is speaking with conviction.

Sir, I will pronounce your sentence: you shall fast a week with bran

and water.

Sir, I will pronounce your sentence: you shall fast a week with bran and water.

Sir, I will pronounce your sentence: you shall fast a week with bran and water.

sir, i will pronounce your sentence: you shall fast a week with bran and water

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

I had rather pray a month with mutton and porridge.

I had rather pray a month with mutton and porridge.

I had rather pray a month with mutton and porridge.

i had rather pray a month with mutton and porridge

KING ≋ verse KING is speaking with conviction.

And Don Armado shall be your keeper.

My Lord Berowne, see him delivered o’er;

And go we, lords, to put in practice that

Which each to other hath so strongly sworn.

And Don Armado shall be your keeper. My Lord Berowne, see him delivered o’er; And go we, lords, to put in practice that Which each to other has so strongly sworn.

And Don Armado shall be your keeper. My Lord Berowne, see him delivered o’er; And go we, lords, to put in practice that Which each to other has so strongly sworn.

and don armado shall be your keeper

[_Exeunt King, Longaville and Dumaine._]
BEROWNE ≋ verse BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

I’ll lay my head to any good man’s hat

These oaths and laws will prove an idle scorn.

Sirrah, come on.

I’ll lay my head to any good man’s hat These oaths and laws will prove an idle scorn. Sirrah, come on.

I’ll lay my head to any good man’s hat These oaths and laws will prove an idle scorn. Sirrah, come on.

i’ll lay my head to any good man’s hat these oaths and laws will prove an idle scorn

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

I suffer for the truth, sir; for true it is I was taken with

Jaquenetta, and Jaquenetta is a true girl. And therefore welcome the

sour cup of prosperity! Affliction may one day smile again, and till

then, sit thee down, sorrow.

I suffer for the truth, sir; for true it is I was taken with Jaquenetta, and Jaquenetta is a true girl. And therefore welcome the sour cup of prosperity! Affliction may one day smile again, and till then, sit you down, sorrow.

I suffer for the truth, sir; for true it is I was taken with Jaquenetta, and Jaquenetta is a true girl. And therefore welcome the sour cup of prosperity! Affliction may one day smile again, and till then, sit you down, sorrow.

i suffer for the truth, sir; for true it is i was taken with jaquenetta, and jaquenetta is a true gi

[_Exeunt._]

The Reckoning

The play announces its central joke before it's even started: the oath is structurally doomed before the ink dries. Berowne sees it, says it out loud, and signs anyway — which is a different kind of folly than the other two. We leave feeling the comic inevitability of four young men who've just sprinted headlong into a wall they could plainly see.

If this happened today…

Picture four tech founders at an off-site who swear a "no distractions" pact for Q1 — no social media, no dating apps, no parties. They sign a shared Notion doc. One of them (Berowne) immediately points out that the CEO has a scheduled call with a supermodel investor that literally cannot be rescheduled. The CEO says, "Oh right, forgot about that." They all shrug and sign anyway. Then the office IT guy bursts in to report that one of the interns got caught fraternizing in the server room. Very much a Monday.

Continue to 1.2 →