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Act 2, Scene 1 — Saint Albans
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The argument A hawking party near Saint Albans descends into the Cardinal and Gloucester nearly dueling; Gloucester exposes the 'miracle' of a supposedly blind man as fraud; Buckingham arrives with news of Eleanor's arrest, crushing Gloucester and ending the duel that never happened.
Enter the King, Queen, Gloucester, Cardinal and Suffolk with Falconers
hallooing.
QUEEN MARGARET ≋ verse Enthusiastic and showing off—Margaret is enjoying the sport and displaying confidence.

Believe me, lords, for flying at the brook

I saw not better sport these seven years’ day;

Yet, by your leave, the wind was very high,

And, ten to one, old Joan had not gone out.

Believe me, lords, I haven't seen such fine hawking in seven years. Though I must admit, the wind was quite strong today.

Seriously, I haven't seen better hunting like this in years. The wind was crazy though.

great hunting today

best in years

"flying at the brook" Hawking 'at the brook' meant hunting waterfowl near streams — a specific and prestigious form of falconry requiring skilled birds and favorable wind.
KING HENRY ≋ verse Enchanted by both Margaret and the natural world—Henry sees God's design in everything.

But what a point, my lord, your falcon made,

And what a pitch she flew above the rest!

To see how God in all His creatures works!

Yea, man and birds are fain of climbing high.

Your Majesty, what a magnificent flight your hawk made! And what a height she reached! It shows us God's perfect design in all of nature.

That was amazing—your bird flew so high. It's like seeing God's plan at work.

amazing flight

god's design

SUFFOLK ≋ verse Backhanded insult disguised as flattery—Suffolk is criticizing Gloucester through praise of Margaret.

No marvel, an it like your majesty,

My Lord Protector’s hawks do tower so well;

They know their master loves to be aloft,

And bears his thoughts above his falcon’s pitch.

It is no surprise, Your Majesty, that the Protector's hawks fly so high. They know their master loves to reach for things beyond his station, and he teaches them to carry his lofty ambitions.

Of course the Protector's birds fly high—he taught them to reach for things he shouldn't. Just like him.

protector's ambitions

reaching too high

just like him

"his falcon's pitch" 'Pitch' was the technical term for the maximum height a hawk could achieve before diving on prey — Suffolk is implying Gloucester's ambitions exceed even that.
GLOUCESTER ≋ verse Stung and firing back—Gloucester responds to Suffolk's insult.

My lord, ’tis but a base ignoble mind

That mounts no higher than a bird can soar.

My lord, only a base and ignoble mind concerns itself with such petty heights. A man's true greatness is measured by his service to his King and realm, not by how high his bird can fly.

Look, that's a cheap shot. Real greatness isn't about showing off with hawks. It's about serving the King and the country.

that's cheap

real greatness = service

not showing off

CARDINAL Agreeing with malicious pleasure—the Cardinal joins the attack on Gloucester.

I thought as much. He would be above the clouds.

Exactly so. I thought as much. He would never be content to stay within proper bounds.

Right. Of course. He wants everything.

typical

wants everything

GLOUCESTER ≋ verse GLOUCESTER in this moment

Ay, my Lord Cardinal, how think you by that?

Were it not good your grace could fly to heaven?

Ay, my Lord Cardinal, how think you by that? Were it not good your grace could fly to heaven?...

Ay, my Lord Cardinal, how think you by that? Were it not good your grace could fly to heaven?...

[core emotion]

KING HENRY KING HENRY in this moment

The treasury of everlasting joy.

The treasury of everlasting joy....

The treasury of everlasting joy....

[core emotion]

CARDINAL ≋ verse CARDINAL in this moment

Thy heaven is on earth; thine eyes and thoughts

Beat on a crown, the treasure of thy heart,

Pernicious Protector, dangerous peer,

That smooth’st it so with king and commonweal!

Thy heaven is on earth; thine eyes and thoughts Beat on a crown, the treasure of thy heart, Pernicio...

Thy heaven is on earth; thine eyes and thoughts Beat on a crown, the treasure of thy heart, Pernicio...

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER ≋ verse GLOUCESTER in this moment

What, cardinal, is your priesthood grown peremptory?

_Tantaene animis coelestibus irae?_

Churchmen so hot? Good uncle, hide such malice.

With such holiness can you do it?

What, cardinal, is your priesthood grown peremptory? _Tantaene animis coelestibus irae?_ Churchmen s...

What, cardinal, is your priesthood grown peremptory? _Tantaene animis coelestibus irae?_ Churchmen s...

[core emotion]

"Tantaene animis coelestibus irae" Virgil's Aeneid, Book 1: 'Can such rage live in heavenly hearts?' — spoken of Juno's obsessive persecution of Aeneas. Gloucester deploys the Latin to highlight the absurdity of a priest burning with secular hatred.
SUFFOLK ≋ verse SUFFOLK in this moment

No malice, sir; no more than well becomes

So good a quarrel and so bad a peer.

No malice, sir; no more than well becomes So good a quarrel and so bad a peer....

No malice, sir; no more than well becomes So good a quarrel and so bad a peer....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

As who, my lord?

As who, my lord?...

As who, my lord?...

[core emotion]

SUFFOLK ≋ verse SUFFOLK in this moment

Why, as you, my lord,

An ’t like your lordly Lord Protectorship.

Why, as you, my lord, An ’t like your lordly Lord Protectorship....

Why, as you, my lord, An ’t like your lordly Lord Protectorship....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

Why, Suffolk, England knows thine insolence.

Why, Suffolk, England knows thine insolence....

Why, Suffolk, England knows thine insolence....

[core emotion]

QUEEN MARGARET QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

And thy ambition, Gloucester.

And thy ambition, Gloucester....

And thy ambition, Gloucester....

[core emotion]

KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

I prithee, peace, good queen,

And whet not on these furious peers;

For blessed are the peacemakers on earth.

I prithee, peace, good queen, And whet not on these furious peers; For blessed are the peacemakers o...

I prithee, peace, good queen, And whet not on these furious peers; For blessed are the peacemakers o...

[core emotion]

CARDINAL ≋ verse CARDINAL in this moment

Let me be blessed for the peace I make

Against this proud Protector, with my sword!

Let me be blessed for the peace I make Against this proud Protector, with my sword!...

Let me be blessed for the peace I make Against this proud Protector, with my sword!...

[core emotion]

[_Aside to Cardinal_.] Faith, holy uncle, would ’twere come to that!
[_Aside to Gloucester_.] Marry, when thou dar’st.
[_Aside to Cardinal_.] Make up no factious numbers for the matter,
GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

In thine own person answer thy abuse.

In thine own person answer thy abuse....

In thine own person answer thy abuse....

[core emotion]

[_Aside to Gloucester_.] Ay, where thou dar’st not peep; an if thou
CARDINAL ≋ verse CARDINAL in this moment

dar’st,

This evening, on the east side of the grove.

dar’st, This evening, on the east side of the grove....

dar’st, This evening, on the east side of the grove....

[core emotion]

KING HENRY KING HENRY in this moment

How now, my lords?

How now, my lords?...

How now, my lords?...

[core emotion]

CARDINAL ≋ verse CARDINAL in this moment

Believe me, cousin Gloucester,

Had not your man put up the fowl so suddenly,

We had had more sport.—[_Aside to Gloucester_.]

Come with thy two-hand sword.

Believe me, cousin Gloucester, Had not your man put up the fowl so suddenly, We had had more sport.—...

Believe me, cousin Gloucester, Had not your man put up the fowl so suddenly, We had had more sport.—...

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

True, uncle.

True, uncle....

True, uncle....

[core emotion]

[_Aside to Cardinal_.] Are ye advised? The east side of the grove?
[_Aside to Gloucester_.] I am with you.
KING HENRY KING HENRY in this moment

Why, how now, uncle Gloucester?

Why, how now, uncle Gloucester?...

Why, how now, uncle Gloucester?...

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

Talking of hawking; nothing else, my lord.

Talking of hawking; nothing else, my lord....

Talking of hawking; nothing else, my lord....

[core emotion]

[_Aside to Cardinal_.] Now, by God’s mother, priest,
I’ll shave your crown for this,
Or all my fence shall fail.
[_Aside to Gloucester_.] _Medice, teipsum._—
CARDINAL CARDINAL in this moment

Protector, see to ’t well, protect yourself.

Protector, see to ’t well, protect yourself....

Protector, see to ’t well, protect yourself....

[core emotion]

KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

The winds grow high; so do your stomachs, lords.

How irksome is this music to my heart!

When such strings jar, what hope of harmony?

I pray, my lords, let me compound this strife.

The winds grow high; so do your stomachs, lords. How irksome is this music to my heart! When such st...

The winds grow high; so do your stomachs, lords. How irksome is this music to my heart! When such st...

[core emotion]

Enter a Townsman of Saint Albans, crying, “A miracle!”
GLOUCESTER ≋ verse GLOUCESTER in this moment

What means this noise?

Fellow, what miracle dost thou proclaim?

What means this noise? Fellow, what miracle dost thou proclaim?...

What means this noise? Fellow, what miracle dost thou proclaim?...

[core emotion]

TOWNSMAN TOWNSMAN in this moment

A miracle! A miracle!

A miracle! A miracle!...

A miracle! A miracle!...

[core emotion]

SUFFOLK SUFFOLK in this moment

Come to the King, and tell him what miracle.

Come to the King, and tell him what miracle....

Come to the King, and tell him what miracle....

[core emotion]

TOWNSMAN ≋ verse TOWNSMAN in this moment

Forsooth, a blind man at Saint Alban’s shrine,

Within this half hour, hath received his sight,

A man that ne’er saw in his life before.

Forsooth, a blind man at Saint Alban’s shrine, Within this half hour, hath received his sight, A man...

Forsooth, a blind man at Saint Alban’s shrine, Within this half hour, hath received his sight, A man...

[core emotion]

KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

Now, God be praised, that to believing souls

Gives light in darkness, comfort in despair!

Now, God be praised, that to believing souls Gives light in darkness, comfort in despair!...

Now, God be praised, that to believing souls Gives light in darkness, comfort in despair!...

[core emotion]

Enter the Mayor of Saint Albans and his brethren, bearing Simpcox
between two in a chair, Simpcox’s Wife following.
CARDINAL ≋ verse CARDINAL in this moment

Here comes the townsmen on procession,

To present your highness with the man.

Here comes the townsmen on procession, To present your highness with the man....

Here comes the townsmen on procession, To present your highness with the man....

[core emotion]

KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

Great is his comfort in this earthly vale,

Although by his sight his sin be multiplied.

Great is his comfort in this earthly vale, Although by his sight his sin be multiplied....

Great is his comfort in this earthly vale, Although by his sight his sin be multiplied....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER ≋ verse GLOUCESTER in this moment

Stand by, my masters. Bring him near the King.

His highness’ pleasure is to talk with him.

Stand by, my masters. Bring him near the King. His highness’ pleasure is to talk with him....

Stand by, my masters. Bring him near the King. His highness’ pleasure is to talk with him....

[core emotion]

KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

Good fellow, tell us here the circumstance,

That we for thee may glorify the Lord.

What, hast thou been long blind and now restored?

Good fellow, tell us here the circumstance, That we for thee may glorify the Lord. What, hast thou b...

Good fellow, tell us here the circumstance, That we for thee may glorify the Lord. What, hast thou b...

[core emotion]

First appearance
SIMPCOX

Simpcox speaks in the wheedling register of practiced fraud — every answer carefully vague, every claim just specific enough to be convincing. Watch for how his answers get more elaborate when he's cornered.

SIMPCOX SIMPCOX in this moment

Born blind, an ’t please your grace.

Born blind, an ’t please your grace....

Born blind, an ’t please your grace....

[core emotion]

WIFE WIFE in this moment

Ay, indeed, was he.

Ay, indeed, was he....

Ay, indeed, was he....

[core emotion]

SUFFOLK SUFFOLK in this moment

What woman is this?

What woman is this?...

What woman is this?...

[core emotion]

WIFE WIFE in this moment

His wife, an ’t like your worship.

His wife, an ’t like your worship....

His wife, an ’t like your worship....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

Hadst thou been his mother, thou couldst have better told.

Hadst thou been his mother, thou couldst have better told....

Hadst thou been his mother, thou couldst have better told....

[core emotion]

KING HENRY KING HENRY in this moment

Where wert thou born?

Where wert thou born?...

Where wert thou born?...

[core emotion]

SIMPCOX SIMPCOX in this moment

At Berwick in the north, an ’t like your grace.

At Berwick in the north, an ’t like your grace....

At Berwick in the north, an ’t like your grace....

[core emotion]

KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

Poor soul, God’s goodness hath been great to thee.

Let never day nor night unhallowed pass,

But still remember what the Lord hath done.

Poor soul, God’s goodness hath been great to thee. Let never day nor night unhallowed pass, But stil...

Poor soul, God’s goodness hath been great to thee. Let never day nor night unhallowed pass, But stil...

[core emotion]

QUEEN MARGARET ≋ verse QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

Tell me, good fellow, cam’st thou here by chance,

Or of devotion, to this holy shrine?

Tell me, good fellow, cam’st thou here by chance, Or of devotion, to this holy shrine?...

Tell me, good fellow, cam’st thou here by chance, Or of devotion, to this holy shrine?...

[core emotion]

SIMPCOX ≋ verse SIMPCOX in this moment

God knows, of pure devotion; being called

A hundred times and oftener, in my sleep,

By good Saint Alban, who said “Simpcox, come,

Come, offer at my shrine, and I will help thee.”

God knows, of pure devotion; being called A hundred times and oftener, in my sleep, By good Saint Al...

God knows, of pure devotion; being called A hundred times and oftener, in my sleep, By good Saint Al...

[core emotion]

WIFE ≋ verse WIFE in this moment

Most true, forsooth; and many time and oft

Myself have heard a voice to call him so.

Most true, forsooth; and many time and oft Myself have heard a voice to call him so....

Most true, forsooth; and many time and oft Myself have heard a voice to call him so....

[core emotion]

CARDINAL CARDINAL in this moment

What, art thou lame?

What, art thou lame?...

What, art thou lame?...

[core emotion]

SIMPCOX SIMPCOX in this moment

Ay, God Almighty help me!

Ay, God Almighty help me!...

Ay, God Almighty help me!...

[core emotion]

SUFFOLK SUFFOLK in this moment

How cam’st thou so?

How cam’st thou so?...

How cam’st thou so?...

[core emotion]

SIMPCOX SIMPCOX in this moment

A fall off of a tree.

A fall off of a tree....

A fall off of a tree....

[core emotion]

WIFE WIFE in this moment

A plum-tree, master.

A plum-tree, master....

A plum-tree, master....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

How long hast thou been blind?

How long hast thou been blind?...

How long hast thou been blind?...

[core emotion]

SIMPCOX SIMPCOX in this moment

O, born so, master.

O, born so, master....

O, born so, master....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

What, and wouldst climb a tree?

What, and wouldst climb a tree?...

What, and wouldst climb a tree?...

[core emotion]

SIMPCOX SIMPCOX in this moment

But that in all my life, when I was a youth.

But that in all my life, when I was a youth....

But that in all my life, when I was a youth....

[core emotion]

WIFE WIFE in this moment

Too true; and bought his climbing very dear.

Too true; and bought his climbing very dear....

Too true; and bought his climbing very dear....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

Mass, thou lov’dst plums well, that wouldst venture so.

Mass, thou lov’dst plums well, that wouldst venture so....

Mass, thou lov’dst plums well, that wouldst venture so....

[core emotion]

SIMPCOX ≋ verse SIMPCOX in this moment

Alas, good master, my wife desired some damsons,

And made me climb, with danger of my life.

Alas, good master, my wife desired some damsons, And made me climb, with danger of my life....

Alas, good master, my wife desired some damsons, And made me climb, with danger of my life....

[core emotion]

"damsons" Small purple plums — a specific type of fruit. Simpcox's elaboration about what kind of fruit his wife wanted has the texture of improvised fiction.
GLOUCESTER ≋ verse GLOUCESTER in this moment

A subtle knave! But yet it shall not serve.—

Let me see thine eyes. Wink now. Now open them.

In my opinion yet thou seest not well.

A subtle knave! But yet it shall not serve.— Let me see thine eyes. Wink now. Now open them. In my o...

A subtle knave! But yet it shall not serve.— Let me see thine eyes. Wink now. Now open them. In my o...

[core emotion]

SIMPCOX SIMPCOX in this moment

Yes, master, clear as day, I thank God and Saint Alban.

Yes, master, clear as day, I thank God and Saint Alban....

Yes, master, clear as day, I thank God and Saint Alban....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

Sayst thou me so? What colour is this cloak of?

Sayst thou me so? What colour is this cloak of?...

Sayst thou me so? What colour is this cloak of?...

[core emotion]

SIMPCOX SIMPCOX in this moment

Red, master, red as blood.

Red, master, red as blood....

Red, master, red as blood....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

Why, that’s well said. What colour is my gown of?

Why, that’s well said. What colour is my gown of?...

Why, that’s well said. What colour is my gown of?...

[core emotion]

SIMPCOX SIMPCOX in this moment

Black, forsooth, coal-black as jet.

Black, forsooth, coal-black as jet....

Black, forsooth, coal-black as jet....

[core emotion]

KING HENRY KING HENRY in this moment

Why, then, thou know’st what colour jet is of?

Why, then, thou know’st what colour jet is of?...

Why, then, thou know’st what colour jet is of?...

[core emotion]

"jet" Jet is a hard black gemstone — for a man born blind to identify both the color and the substance 'jet' by name, he would need prior visual experience of it. This is Gloucester's logical proof of the fraud.
SUFFOLK SUFFOLK in this moment

And yet, I think, jet did he never see.

And yet, I think, jet did he never see....

And yet, I think, jet did he never see....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

But cloaks and gowns before this day, a many.

But cloaks and gowns before this day, a many....

But cloaks and gowns before this day, a many....

[core emotion]

WIFE WIFE in this moment

Never before this day in all his life.

Never before this day in all his life....

Never before this day in all his life....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

Tell me, sirrah, what’s my name?

Tell me, sirrah, what’s my name?...

Tell me, sirrah, what’s my name?...

[core emotion]

SIMPCOX SIMPCOX in this moment

Alas, master, I know not.

Alas, master, I know not....

Alas, master, I know not....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

What’s his name?

What’s his name?...

What’s his name?...

[core emotion]

SIMPCOX SIMPCOX in this moment

I know not.

I know not....

I know not....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

Nor his?

Nor his?...

Nor his?...

[core emotion]

SIMPCOX SIMPCOX in this moment

No, indeed, master.

No, indeed, master....

No, indeed, master....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

What’s thine own name?

What’s thine own name?...

What’s thine own name?...

[core emotion]

SIMPCOX SIMPCOX in this moment

Sander Simpcox, an if it please you, master.

Sander Simpcox, an if it please you, master....

Sander Simpcox, an if it please you, master....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

Then, Sander, sit there, the lyingest knave in Christendom. If thou

hadst been born blind, thou mightst as well have known all our names as

thus to name the several colours we do wear. Sight may distinguish of

colours; but suddenly to nominate them all, it is impossible.—My lords,

Saint Alban here hath done a miracle; and would ye not think his

cunning to be great that could restore this cripple to his legs again?

Then, Sander, sit there, the lyingest knave in Christendom. If thou hadst been born blind, thou migh...

Then, Sander, sit there, the lyingest knave in Christendom. If thou hadst been born blind, thou migh...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Gloucester's debunking of Simpcox is one of Shakespeare's sharpest pieces of logical theater — and also a moment that shows what England loses when it loses Gloucester: clear-eyed judgment that cuts through pretense.
SIMPCOX SIMPCOX in this moment

O master, that you could!

O master, that you could!...

O master, that you could!...

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

My masters of Saint Albans, have you not beadles in your town, and

things called whips?

My masters of Saint Albans, have you not beadles in your town, and things called whips?...

My masters of Saint Albans, have you not beadles in your town, and things called whips?...

[core emotion]

"beadles" A beadle was a minor parish official whose duties included administering public punishments — whipping offenders through the town. Gloucester is about to make use of this public institution.
MAYOR MAYOR in this moment

Yes, my lord, if it please your grace.

Yes, my lord, if it please your grace....

Yes, my lord, if it please your grace....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

Then send for one presently.

Then send for one presently....

Then send for one presently....

[core emotion]

MAYOR MAYOR in this moment

Sirrah, go fetch the beadle hither straight.

Sirrah, go fetch the beadle hither straight....

Sirrah, go fetch the beadle hither straight....

[core emotion]

[_Exit a Townsman._]
GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

Now fetch me a stool hither by and by.—Now, sirrah, if you mean to save

yourself from whipping, leap me over this stool and run away.

Now fetch me a stool hither by and by.—Now, sirrah, if you mean to save yourself from whipping, leap...

Now fetch me a stool hither by and by.—Now, sirrah, if you mean to save yourself from whipping, leap...

[core emotion]

SIMPCOX ≋ verse SIMPCOX in this moment

Alas, master, I am not able to stand alone.

You go about to torture me in vain.

Alas, master, I am not able to stand alone. You go about to torture me in vain....

Alas, master, I am not able to stand alone. You go about to torture me in vain....

[core emotion]

Enter a Beadle with whips.
GLOUCESTER ≋ verse GLOUCESTER in this moment

Well, sir, we must have you find your legs.

Sirrah beadle, whip him till he leap over that same stool.

Well, sir, we must have you find your legs. Sirrah beadle, whip him till he leap over that same stoo...

Well, sir, we must have you find your legs. Sirrah beadle, whip him till he leap over that same stoo...

[core emotion]

BEADLE BEADLE in this moment

I will, my lord.—Come on, sirrah; off with your doublet quickly.

I will, my lord.—Come on, sirrah; off with your doublet quickly....

I will, my lord.—Come on, sirrah; off with your doublet quickly....

[core emotion]

SIMPCOX SIMPCOX in this moment

Alas, master, what shall I do? I am not able to stand.

Alas, master, what shall I do? I am not able to stand....

Alas, master, what shall I do? I am not able to stand....

[core emotion]

[_After the Beadle hath hit him once, he leaps over the stool and runs
away; and they follow and cry, “A miracle!”_]
KING HENRY KING HENRY in this moment

O God, seest Thou this, and bearest so long?

O God, seest Thou this, and bearest so long?...

O God, seest Thou this, and bearest so long?...

[core emotion]

QUEEN MARGARET QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

It made me laugh to see the villain run.

It made me laugh to see the villain run....

It made me laugh to see the villain run....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER GLOUCESTER in this moment

Follow the knave, and take this drab away.

Follow the knave, and take this drab away....

Follow the knave, and take this drab away....

[core emotion]

WIFE WIFE in this moment

Alas, sir, we did it for pure need.

Alas, sir, we did it for pure need....

Alas, sir, we did it for pure need....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER ≋ verse GLOUCESTER in this moment

Let them be whipped through every market town

Till they come to Berwick, from whence they came.

Let them be whipped through every market town Till they come to Berwick, from whence they came....

Let them be whipped through every market town Till they come to Berwick, from whence they came....

[core emotion]

[_Exeunt Wife, Beadle, Mayor, etc._]
CARDINAL CARDINAL in this moment

Duke Humphrey has done a miracle today.

Duke Humphrey has done a miracle today....

Duke Humphrey has done a miracle today....

[core emotion]

SUFFOLK SUFFOLK in this moment

True, made the lame to leap and fly away.

True, made the lame to leap and fly away....

True, made the lame to leap and fly away....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER ≋ verse GLOUCESTER in this moment

But you have done more miracles than I.

You made in a day, my lord, whole towns to fly.

But you have done more miracles than I. You made in a day, my lord, whole towns to fly....

But you have done more miracles than I. You made in a day, my lord, whole towns to fly....

[core emotion]

Enter Buckingham.
KING HENRY KING HENRY in this moment

What tidings with our cousin Buckingham?

What tidings with our cousin Buckingham?...

What tidings with our cousin Buckingham?...

[core emotion]

BUCKINGHAM ≋ verse BUCKINGHAM in this moment

Such as my heart doth tremble to unfold.

A sort of naughty persons, lewdly bent,

Under the countenance and confederacy

Of Lady Eleanor, the Protector’s wife,

The ringleader and head of all this rout,

Have practised dangerously against your state,

Dealing with witches and with conjurers,

Whom we have apprehended in the fact,

Raising up wicked spirits from under ground,

Demanding of King Henry’s life and death,

And other of your highness’ Privy Council,

As more at large your Grace shall understand.

Such as my heart doth tremble to unfold. A sort of naughty persons, lewdly bent, Under the countenan...

Such as my heart doth tremble to unfold. A sort of naughty persons, lewdly bent, Under the countenan...

[core emotion]

[_Aside to Gloucester_.] And so, my Lord Protector, by this means
CARDINAL ≋ verse CARDINAL in this moment

Your lady is forthcoming yet at London.

This news, I think, hath turned your weapon’s edge;

’Tis like, my lord, you will not keep your hour.

Your lady is forthcoming yet at London. This news, I think, hath turned your weapon’s edge; ’Tis lik...

Your lady is forthcoming yet at London. This news, I think, hath turned your weapon’s edge; ’Tis lik...

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER ≋ verse GLOUCESTER in this moment

Ambitious churchman, leave to afflict my heart.

Sorrow and grief have vanquished all my powers,

And, vanquished as I am, I yield to thee,

Or to the meanest groom.

Ambitious churchman, leave to afflict my heart. Sorrow and grief have vanquished all my powers, And,...

Ambitious churchman, leave to afflict my heart. Sorrow and grief have vanquished all my powers, And,...

[core emotion]

Why it matters This is the moment Gloucester's fall begins in earnest: Eleanor's arrest does what none of his enemies could — it breaks him completely.
🎭 Dramatic irony Gloucester says 'I yield to you or to the meanest groom' — meaning he has no fight left in him. The Cardinal hears a victory. The audience understands this is a man whose last protection just collapsed, and what follows (his arrest, his murder) has now become inevitable.
KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

O God, what mischiefs work the wicked ones,

Heaping confusion on their own heads thereby!

O God, what mischiefs work the wicked ones, Heaping confusion on their own heads thereby!...

O God, what mischiefs work the wicked ones, Heaping confusion on their own heads thereby!...

[core emotion]

QUEEN MARGARET ≋ verse QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

Gloucester, see here the tainture of thy nest,

And look thyself be faultless, thou wert best.

Gloucester, see here the tainture of thy nest, And look thyself be faultless, thou wert best....

Gloucester, see here the tainture of thy nest, And look thyself be faultless, thou wert best....

[core emotion]

GLOUCESTER ≋ verse GLOUCESTER in this moment

Madam, for myself, to heaven I do appeal

How I have loved my king and commonweal;

And, for my wife, I know not how it stands.

Sorry I am to hear what I have heard.

Noble she is; but if she have forgot

Honour and virtue, and conversed with such

As like to pitch defile nobility,

I banish her my bed and company

And give her as a prey to law and shame

That hath dishonoured Gloucester’s honest name.

Madam, for myself, to heaven I do appeal How I have loved my king and commonweal; And, for my wife, ...

Madam, for myself, to heaven I do appeal How I have loved my king and commonweal; And, for my wife, ...

[core emotion]

"like to pitch defile nobility" Pitch — the sticky black tar — was a common image for corruption that stains everything it touches. Gloucester is using a material metaphor to describe moral contamination.
KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

Well, for this night we will repose us here;

Tomorrow toward London back again,

To look into this business thoroughly,

And call these foul offenders to their answers,

And poise the cause in Justice’ equal scales,

Whose beam stands sure, whose rightful cause prevails.

Well, for this night we will repose us here; Tomorrow toward London back again, To look into this bu...

Well, for this night we will repose us here; Tomorrow toward London back again, To look into this bu...

[core emotion]

[_Flourish. Exeunt._]

The Reckoning

Three stories collide in one scene: the smoldering violence between Gloucester and the Cardinal, the absurdist comedy of the fake miracle, and the hammer-blow of Eleanor's arrest. The Simpcox episode is Shakespeare at his most darkly funny — Gloucester's interrogation is crisp, almost cheerful, and then devastating. But that humor is immediately extinguished when Buckingham enters. The moment Gloucester hears of Eleanor's arrest, he surrenders. The man who couldn't be frightened by the Cardinal's sword is broken by his wife's name.

If this happened today…

A corporate retreat turns into a near-brawl between the company chairman and the division head who's been undermining him for years. Suddenly a local news story breaks: a man near the retreat venue has gone viral claiming he was miraculously healed — the chairman investigates and debunks it in two minutes flat. Then his phone rings: his wife has been arrested in a sting operation the rivals set up. The chairman, who was about to win a public confrontation, goes completely silent.

Continue to 2.2 →