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Act 4, Scene 4 — A plain in Denmark.
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The argument En route to the ship, Hamlet encounters a captain from Fortinbras's army. The army is marching to fight over a worthless patch of ground. Hamlet, horrified by his own inaction, delivers his final and most self-lacerating soliloquy — and resolves to think only bloody thoughts from now on.
Enter Fortinbras and Forces marching.
FORTINBRAS ≋ verse [Fortinbras: marching through Denmark]

Go, Captain, from me greet the Danish king.

Tell him that by his license, Fortinbras

Craves the conveyance of a promis’d march

Over his kingdom. You know the rendezvous.

If that his Majesty would aught with us,

We shall express our duty in his eye;

And let him know so.

Go, captain, from me greet the Danish king; tell him that, by his license, Fortinbras craves the conveyance of a promised march over his kingdom.

Tell the Danish king that Fortinbras is passing through on his way to attack Poland.

fortinbras passing through to attack poland

CAPTAIN [Captain: to Hamlet]

I will do’t, my lord.

The young prince, Fortinbras, with conquest come from Poland, to the succession of your father he hath a warlike voice.

Fortinbras is coming. He's going to take the throne of Denmark.

fortinbras coming taking the throne

FORTINBRAS [Hamlet: watching Fortinbras march, his own paralysis revealed]

Go softly on.

How all occasions do inform against me and spur my dull revenge! What is a man, if his chief good and market of his time be but to sleep and feed? a beast, no more.

I'm ashamed. Look at Fortinbras—he acts. He takes what he wants. And I sit here, paralyzed by thought, while he conquers my kingdom. What is a man if he only sleeps and eats? A beast. Less.

i'm paralyzed fortinbras acts he conquers i sit thinking i'm a beast

[_Exeunt all but the Captain._]
Enter Hamlet, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern &c.
HAMLET [Hamlet: curious about these troops]

Good sir, whose powers are these?

Sir, whose army is this?

Whose troops are these?

whose forces

CAPTAIN [Captain: straightforward answer]

They are of Norway, sir.

They're from Norway, sir.

Norwegian.

norway

HAMLET [Hamlet: asking their purpose]

How purpos’d, sir, I pray you?

What's their purpose, if I may ask?

Where are they headed?

where are they going

CAPTAIN [Captain: brief answer]

Against some part of Poland.

Against part of Poland.

Against Poland.

against poland

HAMLET [Hamlet: learning the commander]

Who commands them, sir?

Who commands them, sir?

Who's commanding?

who's in command

CAPTAIN [Captain: identifying Fortinbras]

The nephew to old Norway, Fortinbras.

The old Norwegian's nephew, Fortinbras.

Fortinbras. The Norwegian prince.

fortinbras

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet: asking scale—major invasion or border raid?]

Goes it against the main of Poland, sir,

Or for some frontier?

Are they attacking the whole of Poland or just the border?

Are they going for all of Poland or just hitting the borders?

the whole country or just the frontier

CAPTAIN ≋ verse [Captain: dismissive of the prize, just facts]

Truly to speak, and with no addition,

We go to gain a little patch of ground

That hath in it no profit but the name.

To pay five ducats, five, I would not farm it;

Nor will it yield to Norway or the Pole

A ranker rate, should it be sold in fee.

Honestly, to be straight with you—we're fighting over a worthless patch of land. I wouldn't rent it for five ducats. It's not worth anything to Norway or Poland, not even if they sold it outright.

To be honest, it's not worth anything. A small strip of empty ground. I wouldn't farm it for five ducats. It's worthless.

just an empty patch worthless nobody even wants it

HAMLET [Hamlet: logic—worthless land shouldn't be defended]

Why, then the Polack never will defend it.

Then the Polish won't bother defending it.

So Poland won't even fight for it.

why would poland even defend it

CAPTAIN [Captain: contradiction—it is being defended]

Yes, it is already garrison’d.

No—it's already fortified.

Actually, it's already garrisoned.

it is defended

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet: having a revelation—this is absurdity, and it mirrors his own paralysis]

Two thousand souls and twenty thousand ducats

Will not debate the question of this straw!

This is th’imposthume of much wealth and peace,

That inward breaks, and shows no cause without

Why the man dies. I humbly thank you, sir.

Two thousand soldiers and twenty thousand ducats will be spent fighting over a piece of straw. This is what happens when a country is fat with wealth and peace—something breaks inside it, and the disease shows no symptoms until the man dies. I thank you, sir.

Twenty thousand dollars and two thousand soldiers are going to die for a worthless scrap. This is what happens when a country gets too rich and too comfortable—something rots inside and you don't see it until you're already dying.

thousands of men thousands of dollars for nothing for a patch of dirt and no one stops it

CAPTAIN [Captain: polite dismissal]

God b’ wi’ you, sir.

God be with you, sir.

Goodbye, sir.

goodbye

[_Exit._]
ROSENCRANTZ [Rosencrantz: ready to move on]

Will’t please you go, my lord?

Will you come, my lord?

Ready?

let's go

HAMLET [Hamlet: lost in thought, but complying]

I’ll be with you straight. Go a little before.

I'll catch up with you. Go ahead.

In a moment. Go on ahead.

i'll be right there just go

[_Exeunt all but Hamlet._]
How all occasions do inform against me,
And spur my dull revenge. What is a man
If his chief good and market of his time
Be but to sleep and feed? A beast, no more.
Sure he that made us with such large discourse,
Looking before and after, gave us not
That capability and godlike reason
To fust in us unus’d. Now whether it be
Bestial oblivion, or some craven scruple
Of thinking too precisely on th’event,—
A thought which, quarter’d, hath but one part wisdom
And ever three parts coward,—I do not know
Why yet I live to say this thing’s to do,
Sith I have cause, and will, and strength, and means
To do’t. Examples gross as earth exhort me,
Witness this army of such mass and charge,
Led by a delicate and tender prince,
Whose spirit, with divine ambition puff’d,
Makes mouths at the invisible event,
Exposing what is mortal and unsure
To all that fortune, death, and danger dare,
Even for an eggshell. Rightly to be great
Is not to stir without great argument,
But greatly to find quarrel in a straw
When honour’s at the stake. How stand I then,
That have a father kill’d, a mother stain’d,
Excitements of my reason and my blood,
And let all sleep, while to my shame I see
The imminent death of twenty thousand men
That, for a fantasy and trick of fame,
Go to their graves like beds, fight for a plot
Whereon the numbers cannot try the cause,
Which is not tomb enough and continent
To hide the slain? O, from this time forth,
My thoughts be bloody or be nothing worth.
[_Exit._]

The Reckoning

This is Hamlet's last soliloquy and his most honest one. In the earlier soliloquies, he has been discovering things about himself he didn't know. Here, he knows exactly what is wrong: he overthinks, he philosophizes, he delays, and men who think far less than he does accomplish far more. Fortinbras is the mirror he can't look away from. Fortinbras marches twenty thousand men across Europe to die for a piece of ground not worth five ducats — and that is honor, that is greatness. Hamlet finds this both absurd and shaming. The argument is not that Fortinbras is right. It is that Fortinbras acts, and Hamlet does not. The soliloquy ends with what sounds like a resolution — 'my thoughts be bloody' — but the audience may already feel that resolutions have been made and broken before. The word 'from this time forth' is doing enormous work. The question is whether this time it will hold.

If this happened today…

A man who has been putting off a difficult confrontation for months watches a colleague pick a pointless fight in a meeting and win — not because the argument was good, but because he was willing to push. On his way out of the building, the first man thinks: I have every reason to act. I have the motive, the cause, the justification. And I keep thinking about it instead of doing it. That's not intellect. That's cowardice dressed up as philosophy.

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