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Act 4, Scene 1 — The Forest of Arden
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The argument In the Forest of Arden, Rosalind spars with the philosopher Jaques, then tears into Orlando for being an hour late — before making him woo her, marrying him in a mock ceremony, and then finally confessing to Celia, alone, that she is genuinely, helplessly in love.
Enter Rosalind, Celia and Jaques.
JAQUES [genially seeking her company]

I prithee, pretty youth, let me be better acquainted with thee.

I'm asking you, young man, let's get to know each other better.

Hey, you seem nice—want to actually talk and get to know each other?

let's get to know each other better

ROSALIND [probing his reputation]

They say you are a melancholy fellow.

People tell me you're a sad person.

I hear you're the serious, brooding type.

you seem depressed all the time

JAQUES [proudly owning his melancholy]

I am so; I do love it better than laughing.

I am indeed sad, and I prefer being sad to laughing.

Yeah, I am. And honestly, I like being sad way more than being happy.

i prefer sadness to happiness

Why it matters Jaques's self-satisfied melancholy is the philosophical foil to everything Rosalind represents. Where she uses wit to survive feeling, he uses contemplation to avoid it. The sparring that follows is the play's sharpest debate.
ROSALIND [needling him about excess]

Those that are in extremity of either are abominable fellows, and

betray themselves to every modern censure worse than drunkards.

People who go too far in either direction—being too sad or too happy—are awful and expose themselves to criticism worse than drunk people do.

But people who take it to extremes either way are terrible, and they humiliate themselves more than a drunk person would.

extremes of emotion are worse than being drunk

Why it matters Rosalind dismantles the Romantic traveller-philosopher in under thirty seconds. The wit is so fast that Jaques's only answer is to claim he's 'gained experience' — which proves her point.
JAQUES [defending silent melancholy]

Why, ’tis good to be sad and say nothing.

Why, it's good to be sad and stay silent.

Well, there's something good about being sad and just keeping quiet.

being sad and quiet is fine

ROSALIND [mocking his silent pose]

Why then, ’tis good to be a post.

Then it's good to be a post—a silent, wooden thing.

Then you're basically saying it's good to be a fence post—just standing there saying nothing.

so you're a wooden fence post

Why it matters Rosalind's preference for the fool over the philosopher is the play's thesis in miniature: laughter and engagement with life over studied withdrawal into contemplation. She chooses Touchstone's mode over Jaques's, every time.
JAQUES [proud of his curated melancholy]

I have neither the scholar’s melancholy, which is emulation; nor the

musician’s, which is fantastical; nor the courtier’s, which is proud;

nor the soldier’s, which is ambitious; nor the lawyer’s, which is

politic; nor the lady’s, which is nice; nor the lover’s, which is all

these; but it is a melancholy of mine own, compounded of many simples,

extracted from many objects, and indeed the sundry contemplation of my

travels, in which my often rumination wraps me in a most humorous

sadness.

I don't have a scholar's sadness, which comes from rivalry; nor a musician's, which is whimsical; nor a courtier's, which is arrogant; nor a soldier's, which is ambitious; nor a lawyer's, which is calculating; nor a lady's, which is fussy; nor a lover's, which is all of these combined. But my sadness is my own, made up of many different things, taken from many experiences, and really it comes from thinking deeply about my travels, and all that thinking wraps me up in a very peculiar sadness.

I'm not sad like a scholar is—they're sad from competition. Or like a musician, who's sad in a weird, artistic way. Or like a courtier, stuck-up about being sad. Or a soldier, who's sad from ambition. Or a lawyer, sad in a sneaky way. Or a lady, sad in a prissy way. Or a lover, who's sad from all these things at once. My sadness is totally different—it's this unique mix I've built up from all my travels and all the thinking I do about them. I just get wrapped up in this strange, beautiful sadness.

my sadness isn't like anyone else's it's my own special mix from all my travels and thinking

"compounded of many simples" Medical language — a compound was a medicine mixed from simple (individual) ingredients. Jaques is describing his melancholy like a pharmacist describing a careful prescription. The irony is that he's proud of his sadness, which Rosalind is about to demolish.
ROSALIND [testing the newcomer]

A traveller! By my faith, you have great reason to be sad. I fear you

have sold your own lands to see other men’s. Then to have seen much and

to have nothing is to have rich eyes and poor hands.

A traveler! By my faith, you have very good reason to be sad. I'm worried you've sold your own property to see other people's property. So you've seen a lot but have nothing—that's having beautiful vision but being poor.

You're a traveler! Well, that explains why you're so sad. I bet you've sold everything you owned to travel around looking at other people's stuff. You see everything but have nothing to show for it—rich in experiences, broke in the wallet.

you traveled everywhere and saw nothing broke yourself to see other people's stuff visionary but poor

"rich eyes and poor hands" This is the most devastating line in the sparring match — and Rosalind lands it casually, almost in passing. She's identified the exact shape of Jaques's pose: he has consumed the world with his eyes and given nothing back, gaining wisdom and losing everything else.
JAQUES [claiming worldly experience]

Yes, I have gained my experience.

Yes, I have gained my experience from traveling.

Yeah, I've learned a lot from all my travels.

at least i gained experience

ROSALIND [dismissing his affectation]

And your experience makes you sad. I had rather have a fool to make me

merry than experience to make me sad—and to travel for it too.

And your experiences have made you sad. I would rather have a fool around to make me happy than have experience that makes me sad—especially not having to travel for it.

And now look at you—all that experience just made you depressed. Honestly, I'd rather hang out with a funny idiot to cheer me up than travel around getting sadder and sadder.

experience made you sad i'd rather have a fool to cheer me up

Enter Orlando.
ORLANDO [delighted greeting, full of joy]

Good day and happiness, dear Rosalind!

Good day and all happiness to you, dear Rosalind!

Hey Rosalind! Happy to see you!

hey rosalind

JAQUES [fleeing the lovers' talk]

Nay, then, God be wi’ you, an you talk in blank verse.

No, then, goodbye to you, if you're going to talk in blank verse.

That's my cue to leave—you two are getting all poetic and serious.

ok i'm outta here

ROSALIND [mocking his affected worldliness]

Farewell, Monsieur Traveller. Look you lisp and wear strange suits;

disable all the benefits of your own country; be out of love with your

nativity, and almost chide God for making you that countenance you are,

or I will scarce think you have swam in a gondola.

Goodbye, Monsieur Traveler. Make sure you lisp and wear strange clothes; deprive yourself of all the advantages of your own country; be ashamed of where you come from, and nearly scold God for giving you the face you have, or I will hardly believe you have traveled in a gondola.

Bye, Monsieur Traveler. You better affect an accent and wear weird clothes; throw away all the benefits of your home country; hate where you're from, and practically curse God for your face—otherwise I won't believe you've been to Venice.

goodbye traveler affect accent wear weird clothes hate ur country scold god for ur face or i wont believe u

[_Exit Jaques._]
ROSALIND [scolding him for being late]

Why, how now, Orlando, where have you been all this while? You a lover!

An you serve me such another trick, never come in my sight more.

Well, Orlando, where have you been all this time? You, a lover! If you ever pull a stunt like this again, don't show your face to me anymore.

So Orlando, where have you been? A lover like you! If you ever miss an appointment like this again, I don't want to see you.

where've you been? can't believe you did this never again or we're done

ORLANDO [mildly defensive about the delay]

My fair Rosalind, I come within an hour of my promise.

My beautiful Rosalind, I'm here within an hour of when I promised to come.

Rosalind, I'm here—just barely made it on time.

i made it in time

ROSALIND [inviting Orlando to perform the role]

Break an hour’s promise in love? He that will divide a minute into a

thousand parts, and break but a part of the thousand part of a minute

in the affairs of love, it may be said of him that Cupid hath clapped

him o’ the shoulder, but I’ll warrant him heart-whole.

Break a promise of an hour in love matters? Whoever will divide a minute into a thousand parts, and break only a small part of one of those thousand parts in matters of love, it may be said of him that Cupid has given him approval, but I guarantee he remains unaffected by love.

Break an hour-long promise? Someone who can split time into a thousand pieces and still only lose a tiny fraction of a tiny fraction of a minute in love—sure, Cupid might have touched him, but I promise you he's not actually in love.

break an hour promise? divides minute to 1000 parts breaks one tiny piece cupid touched him but hes not in love

"divide a minute into a thousand parts" The hyperbole is deliberate and delicious: genuine love, Rosalind argues, is so exact and so urgent that it measures time in fragments of seconds. An hour's lateness is not just inconsiderate — it's diagnostic. It proves you're not really in love.
Why it matters This is Rosalind's argument about what love actually requires — not poetry, but precision and urgency. The hyperbole (a minute divided into a thousand) is the measure of how seriously she takes it. The irony is that she's making the argument because she feels it herself.
ORLANDO [contrite, asking forgiveness]

Pardon me, dear Rosalind.

Forgive me, dear Rosalind.

I'm sorry, Rosalind.

sorry

ROSALIND [mock threat over his lateness]

Nay, an you be so tardy, come no more in my sight. I had as lief be

wooed of a snail.

No, if you're going to be so late, don't bother coming to see me anymore. I'd just as soon be courted by a snail.

If you're going to be late, don't even bother showing up. I'd have better luck dating a snail.

if you're late again don't come back i'd rather date a snail

Why it matters The snail speech is Rosalind at her sharpest — she turns a ridiculous comparison into a legal and sexual argument that Orlando has no answer to. The humor is cover for a genuine anger at his lateness, which matters to her precisely because she loves him.
ORLANDO [puzzled, playing along]

Of a snail?

Of a snail?

Of a snail?

Of a snail?

ROSALIND [testing Orlando's promises]

Ay, of a snail, for though he comes slowly, he carries his house on his

head—a better jointure, I think, than you make a woman. Besides, he

brings his destiny with him.

Yes, of a snail, because though he comes slowly, he carries his house on his head—a better marriage settlement, I think, than you give to a woman. Besides, he brings his fate with him.

Yeah, a snail. Because even though he's slow, he's got his own house on his head—better security than you give to a wife. Plus he's got his future already figured out.

yeah a snail he carries his house better dowry than u give plus he brings his fate

"carries his house on his head" The joke is multi-layered: (1) the snail's shell is a more reliable 'house' (home, jointure) than Orlando provides; (2) a snail's 'horns' are the traditional symbol of a cuckolded husband, so the snail conveniently comes already equipped for betrayal. Rosalind gets two insults for the price of one.
ORLANDO [curious, taking the bait]

What’s that?

What’s that?

What’s that?

What’s that?

ROSALIND [beginning to play]

Why, horns, which such as you are fain to be beholding to your wives

for. But he comes armed in his fortune and prevents the slander of his

wife.

Horns—which men like you end up being grateful to your wives for giving you. But a snail comes prepared with his armor and doesn't have to worry about his wife shaming him.

You know, horns—the kind of thing you'd end up thanking your wife for. But a snail's got his own built-in protection and doesn't have to worry about his wife shaming him.

snails got their own armor no wife drama for them

ORLANDO [earnestly defending her honor]

Virtue is no horn-maker and my Rosalind is virtuous.

Virtue doesn't make horns on men, and my Rosalind is virtuous.

My Rosalind is good and faithful, so I have nothing to worry about.

my rosalind is virtuous

🎭 Dramatic irony 'By my life, she will do as I do' — Rosalind says this about herself, using the third person of her own name, and it is the most literally true statement in the scene. She will do exactly as she does, because she is Rosalind. Orlando hears it as a prediction about an absent woman.
ROSALIND [slipping into the role]

And I am your Rosalind.

Well then, I'm the Rosalind you're talking about.

And I'm yours.

i'm your rosalind

CELIA [teasingly undercutting Rosalind]

It pleases him to call you so, but he hath a Rosalind of a better leer

than you.

He likes to call you Rosalind, but he has another Rosalind with a better appearance than you.

He can call you Rosalind if he wants, but he's got another Rosalind back home who looks way better.

he's got a prettier rosalind at home

ROSALIND [testing his sincerity by teasing]

Come, woo me, woo me, for now I am in a holiday humour, and like enough

to consent. What would you say to me now, an I were your very, very

Rosalind?

Come on, court me, court me, because right now I'm in a festive mood and likely to say yes. What would you say to me now if I were actually your Rosalind?

Go ahead, flirt with me—I'm in a good mood and might actually go for it. So what would you say to me if I was your real girlfriend?

convince me i'm in a good mood say something romantic

↩ Callback to Act 3, Scene 2 In 3-2, Rosalind/Ganymede first offered to 'cure' Orlando of his love by making him woo 'her' until he was over it. This scene is the fulfilment of that offer — except the cure has become the disease, and both of them know it on some level.
ORLANDO [flirtatiously bold]

I would kiss before I spoke.

I would kiss you before I said anything.

I'd kiss you first, no need for words.

id just kiss you

ROSALIND [beginning the real test]

Nay, you were better speak first, and when you were gravelled for lack

of matter, you might take occasion to kiss. Very good orators, when

they are out, they will spit; and for lovers lacking—God warn

us—matter, the cleanliest shift is to kiss.

No, you'd do better to speak first, and when you run out of things to say, then you can kiss. Very good speakers, when they're stuck, they spit; and for lovers who are at a loss for words—God help us—the cleanest way out is to kiss.

No way—you should try talking first. And when you get stuck and can't think of anything to say, then you kiss. It's like when great speakers run out of material, they spit; but lovers without anything to say, well, kissing is the polite way to cover it up.

talk first when you get stuck then kiss

ORLANDO [worried about rejection]

How if the kiss be denied?

What if the kiss is refused?

What if she doesn't let you kiss her?

what if no kiss

ROSALIND [coyly prolonging the game]

Then she puts you to entreaty, and there begins new matter.

Then she makes you beg for it, and that gives you something new to talk about.

Then she makes you work for it, and boom—you've got new stuff to say.

then you gotta beg which gives you something to say

ORLANDO [flattering her with devotion]

Who could be out, being before his beloved mistress?

Who could be at a loss for words, standing in front of his beloved mistress?

How could I run out of things to say when I'm standing right here looking at you?

how could i not have words for you

ROSALIND [sharp, flirtatious rebuke]

Marry, that should you, if I were your mistress, or I should think my

honesty ranker than my wit.

Indeed, you should be stuck for words if I were your mistress, or else I'd think I'm more honest than I am clever.

Well, you should get tongue-tied if I was your girlfriend, otherwise I'd think I was just boring and not sharp.

if you had a girlfriend you'd run out of things to say

ORLANDO [mildly wounded, seeking clarity]

What, of my suit?

What, lacking words for your romantic pursuit?

You mean with my attempt to win you over?

in my pursuit of you

ROSALIND [clarifying, still teasing]

Not out of your apparel, and yet out of your suit. Am not I your

Rosalind?

Not lacking in clothes, but lacking in your romantic pursuit. Am I not your Rosalind?

I'm not talking about your outfit, I'm talking about your approach to me. And aren't I your Rosalind?

not your clothes your whole pursuit i'm your rosalind

ORLANDO [savoring saying her name]

I take some joy to say you are because I would be talking of her.

I'm happy to say you are Rosalind because I like talking about her.

I like saying you're Rosalind because I get to talk about her.

i like talking about you

ROSALIND [playing hard to get]

Well, in her person, I say I will not have you.

Well, in her actual person, I say I won't have you.

But as the real Rosalind, I'm saying no.

as the real rosalind no

ORLANDO [mock-despairing over her refusal]

Then, in mine own person, I die.

Then, as myself, I die.

Then I guess I'm dead.

then i die

ROSALIND [mocking love-deaths as mythology]

No, faith, die by attorney. The poor world is almost six thousand years

old, and in all this time there was not any man died in his own person,

_videlicet_, in a love-cause. Troilus had his brains dashed out with a

Grecian club, yet he did what he could to die before, and he is one of

the patterns of love. Leander, he would have lived many a fair year

though Hero had turned nun, if it had not been for a hot midsummer

night; for, good youth, he went but forth to wash him in the Hellespont

and, being taken with the cramp, was drowned; and the foolish

chroniclers of that age found it was Hero of Sestos. But these are all

lies. Men have died from time to time and worms have eaten them, but

not for love.

No, faith, die by someone else's hand. The world is almost six thousand years old, and in all that time no man has actually died for love. Troilus had his brains beaten in with a club, but he managed to arrange his death anyway, and he's a model of love. Leander would have lived many years even if Hero became a nun, but on one hot summer night he waded into the sea to swim and got a cramp and drowned. The foolish historians of that age blamed it on love for Hero. But that's all lies. Men have died, worms have eaten them, but not one died for love.

No, don't actually die yourself. The world's six thousand years old and nobody has ever actually died for love. Troilus got his skull smashed in, but that wasn't from love. Leander jumped in the water to swim and got a cramp and drowned. The old writers said he died for love because of Hero, but that's nonsense. People die and worms eat them, but nobody dies of love.

nobody dies for love troilus got murdered leander got a cramp it's all mythology men don't die for love

ORLANDO [fretting over her hypothetical anger]

I would not have my right Rosalind of this mind, for I protest her

frown might kill me.

I wouldn't want my real Rosalind to think this way, because I'm telling you her frown would kill me.

I hope the real Rosalind doesn't think like you—just her looking at me angry would destroy me.

her frown would kill me

ROSALIND [reassuring him, softening the game]

By this hand, it will not kill a fly. But come, now I will be your

Rosalind in a more coming-on disposition, and ask me what you will, I

will grant it.

By this hand, it won't even kill a fly. But come, now I'll be your Rosalind in a more encouraging mood, and ask me whatever you want, I'll give it to you.

My frown can't even hurt a fly. But okay, now I'm going to be your Rosalind and I'm in a good mood—ask me for anything and I'll say yes.

ok i'm in a good mood now ask me anything i'll say yes

ORLANDO [direct earnest request for love]

Then love me, Rosalind.

Then go ahead and love me, Rosalind.

So love me.

love me

ROSALIND [playfully generous with her love]

Yes, faith, will I, Fridays and Saturdays and all.

Yes, truly, I will, Fridays and Saturdays and every day.

Yeah, I will, including all the weekends.

yes fridays saturdays and all

"Fridays and Saturdays and all" Friday was a fast day and Saturday a day of preparation in the church calendar — dull, meatless, restricted days. Rosalind is saying: not just on celebrations, but through all the ordinary, difficult, joyless days too. It's a completely unconditional yes.
Why it matters This tiny line is one of the play's most genuine declarations of love — not romantic poetry, but a calendar commitment. She'll love him on Fridays.
ORLANDO [hopeful, pressing toward marriage]

And wilt thou have me?

And will you take me as your husband?

So you'll marry me?

you'll have me?

ROSALIND [extravagant, joking assent]

Ay, and twenty such.

Yes, and twenty like you too.

Yeah, and twenty more guys like you.

yes and twenty more like you

ORLANDO [half-disbelieving delight]

What sayest thou?

What do you say?

What do you think?

what do you say

🎭 Dramatic irony Orlando says 'I take thee, Rosalind, for wife' — the exact words of the marriage vow — to Rosalind, while holding her hand, while believing she is a boy named Ganymede. The audience knows he is speaking the truth he cannot see.
ROSALIND [teasing self-deprecation]

Are you not good?

Do I need to ask if you're worth having?

Aren't you a good person?

are you good

ORLANDO [modestly hopeful]

I hope so.

I hope so.

I hope so.

I hope so.

ROSALIND [improvising a mock marriage]

Why then, can one desire too much of a good thing?—Come, sister, you

shall be the priest and marry us.—Give me your hand, Orlando.—What do

you say, sister?

Why then, can one want too much of something good?—Come, sister, you'll be the priest and marry us.—Give me your hand, Orlando.—What do you say, sister?

So can you ever have too much of a good thing?—Come on, Celia, you're the priest now and you're going to marry us.—Give me your hand, Orlando.—What do you say, Celia?

can you want too much of something good celia marry us give me your hand orlando

"can one desire too much of a good thing" This is the origin of the proverb — Shakespeare coined it here, in this scene, in this exchange. Rosalind uses it as a logical escape hatch, but the deeper meaning is unmistakable: she wants more of him. Twenty of him.
"you shall be the priest" Celia is being asked to perform a wedding ceremony — which was legally binding in Elizabethan England if spoken by a witness and the parties present. A 'handfasting' or exchange of vows before witnesses was considered a valid betrothal. What happens next is not entirely fictional.
Why it matters The origin of one of the language's most durable proverbs, and it lands here as a love declaration wearing the clothes of logic. Rosalind cannot stop herself from saying she wants more of him, so she wraps it in a philosophical argument and dares him to disagree.
ORLANDO [eager to seal the vow]

Pray thee, marry us.

Please, marry us.

Come on, marry us.

marry us

CELIA [flustered, unsure of her part]

I cannot say the words.

I don't have the right words for this ceremony.

I don't know what to say.

dunno the words

"I cannot say the words" Celia's hesitation is genuine and pointed — she knows Rosalind means this. She's not playing along easily; she has to be pushed. The 'I cannot' is not inability but reluctance.
ROSALIND [coaching her through the vows]

You must begin “Will you, Orlando—”

You must start with "Will you, Orlando—"

Start like this: "Will you, Orlando—"

say will you orlando

Why it matters The mock-wedding proposal is Rosalind's boldest move in the play. She's setting up the ceremony she desperately wants while maintaining the fiction that it's all a game. Celia, who sees everything, is being asked to make it real.
CELIA [playing along, prompting Orlando]

Go to.—Will you, Orlando, have to wife this Rosalind?

Okay.—Will you, Orlando, take this Rosalind as your wife?

Alright, here goes: Do you want to marry this Rosalind, Orlando?

will you marry rosalind orlando

ORLANDO [solemnly committing]

I will.

I will.

I will.

I will.

"I will" Two words. In the context of a marriage ceremony, 'I will' was the formula of consent — the legal and religious affirmation. Orlando says it. He thinks it's a rehearsal. He doesn't know it is not.
Why it matters The most consequential two-word line in the play. Orlando has just said the words of the marriage ceremony to Rosalind, who has her hand in his hand, and he thinks it's a game.
ROSALIND [pressing him for immediacy]

Ay, but when?

Ay, but when?

Ay, but when?

Ay, but when?

ORLANDO [eager, matching her urgency]

Why now, as fast as she can marry us.

Right now, as fast as she can marry us.

Right now, as soon as Celia can say the words.

right now

ROSALIND [feeding him the vow]

Then you must say “I take thee, Rosalind, for wife.”

Then you'll need to tell her "I take you, Rosalind, as my wife."

Then you say "I take Rosalind as my wife."

say i take rosalind for wife

ORLANDO [repeating the vow earnestly]

I take thee, Rosalind, for wife.

I take you, Rosalind, to be my wife.

I take Rosalind as my wife.

you're my wife now

Why it matters Orlando has just spoken the exact words of the actual marriage ceremony, to the actual Rosalind, holding her actual hand. In every meaningful sense of Elizabethan common law and church practice, this is a betrothal. The play knows this. Rosalind knows this.
ROSALIND [quietly moved, completing the vow]

I might ask you for your commission. But I do take thee, Orlando, for

my husband. There’s a girl goes before the priest, and certainly a

woman’s thought runs before her actions.

I could ask you for proper authorization, but I do take you, Orlando, for my husband. A girl's imagination runs ahead of the priest's words, and certainly a woman's mind runs faster than her actions.

I could make you do this properly, but yeah, I take you as my husband. Women think things through before they do them, so I've already done this in my head.

i take you as my husband women think it through first

"I do take thee, Orlando, for my husband" She says it. She says the words. Not as a character in a game — as Rosalind, with her own voice. 'I do take thee, Orlando, for my husband.' The play is asking us to feel the weight of this. He doesn't know it is real. She knows that it is.
Why it matters This is the dramatic centre of the entire play. Rosalind speaks her own wedding vow to Orlando, using her own name, while he holds her hand. The fiction is the frame; the vow is the content. A woman's thought runs before her actions — her love has already completed what the ceremony only begins.
ORLANDO [agreeing, caught up in the moment]

So do all thoughts. They are winged.

All thoughts do so. They have wings.

Yeah, thoughts fly ahead.

all thoughts have wings

ROSALIND [turning playful, probing his constancy]

Now tell me how long you would have her after you have possessed her.

Now tell me how long you would want me after we're married.

So how long do you think you'll want me after we're actually married?

how long will you want me after marriage

ORLANDO [grandly promising forever]

For ever and a day.

Forever and a day.

Forever.

always no matter what

ROSALIND [prophetic warning disguised as teasing]

Say “a day” without the “ever.” No, no, Orlando, men are April when

they woo, December when they wed. Maids are May when they are maids,

but the sky changes when they are wives. I will be more jealous of thee

than a Barbary cock-pigeon over his hen, more clamorous than a parrot

against rain, more new-fangled than an ape, more giddy in my desires

than a monkey. I will weep for nothing, like Diana in the fountain, and

I will do that when you are disposed to be merry. I will laugh like a

hyena, and that when thou are inclined to sleep.

Just say 'a day,' not 'a day forever.' No, Orlando, men are spring when they woo, winter when they marry. Girls are May as maidens, but the sky changes when they're wives. I will be more jealous than a barnyard rooster, louder than a parrot in rain, more changeable than an ape, more impulsive than a monkey. I will cry for nothing, like a fountain statue, and do it when you want to be happy. I will laugh like a wild animal, and do it when you want to sleep.

Just say 'a day,' not forever. Men are springtime when they're wooing you, then winter after you marry them. Girls are lovely as single women, but everything changes once you're married. I'll be jealous like a rooster guarding his hen, loud as a parrot complaining about rain, as moody as a monkey, crying about nothing one minute and laughing like a hyena the next.

men are spring wooing winter when married i'll be jealous, moody crying, laughing that's marriage

"Men are April when they woo, December when they wed" One of the most quoted lines in the play — and it lands harder because Rosalind is speaking it in a context where she knows it's a lecture aimed at a man she is genuinely in love with. She's simultaneously warning Orlando and warning herself.
"weep for nothing, like Diana in the fountain" Diana was a famous weeping-fountain statue, well known in Elizabethan England through classical references and travellers' descriptions. She embodied perpetual, unmotivated tears — a cultural shorthand for a woman who wept decoratively and without reason. Rosalind is promising Orlando the opposite of the idealized, tranquil wife.
Why it matters Rosalind returns to the catalogue she's already begun — but now it's directed at the man she's just 'married,' as a test and a gift. She's offering him the full reality of who she is. Not the idealized Rosalind of his poems. The actual person.
ORLANDO [anxious for reassurance]

But will my Rosalind do so?

But will my Rosalind act this way?

But will my real Rosalind actually be like that?

will my rosalind do that

Why it matters This is not a game. Rosalind is listing every way Orlando can fail her — and the list is so specific and so excessive that it reveals how much she genuinely needs him to come back on time. The lecture is the love.
ROSALIND [teasingly noncommittal]

By my life, she will do as I do.

On my life, she will do as I do.

She'll be just like me.

she'll do as i do

"By my life, she will do as I do" The most transparent moment in the scene so far: she is Rosalind. 'She will do as I do' is not a prediction about an absent woman — it is a confession about herself. She's daring him to hear it and he doesn't, quite.
Why it matters This is one of the scene's hairline cracks in the disguise. Every time Rosalind says what 'Rosalind' would do, she means it personally. The dramatic irony is total: Orlando is hearing a fiction; we are watching the truth.
ORLANDO [confident in her wisdom]

O, but she is wise.

Oh, but she is wise.

But she's smart.

but she's wise

🎭 Dramatic irony Orlando vows to keep his appointment 'with no less religion than if thou wert indeed my Rosalind' — the conditional 'if thou wert' is the irony: she is. He is swearing fidelity to Rosalind while addressing Rosalind.
ROSALIND [defending women's intelligence with wit]

Or else she could not have the wit to do this. The wiser, the

waywarder. Make the doors upon a woman’s wit, and it will out at the

casement. Shut that, and ’twill out at the keyhole. Stop that, ’twill

fly with the smoke out at the chimney.

Or she couldn't have the intelligence to do what I do. The smarter a woman is, the more independent she becomes. Lock up a woman's wit and it escapes through the window. Block that and it goes out through the keyhole. Stop that and it flies out with the chimney smoke.

Or she wouldn't be smart enough. Smarter women are more unpredictable. You can't contain a woman's wit. Close the door and it goes out the window. Block that and it escapes through the keyhole. Stop that and it drifts out through the chimney.

smart women are unstoppable you can't contain us we always escape

ORLANDO [half-joking apprehension]

A man that had a wife with such a wit, he might say, “Wit, whither

wilt?”

A man who had a wife with such wit might ask her wit, "Where are you going?"

A guy married to a woman that clever would be chasing after her wit asking "Where are you headed?"

her wit would go everywhere

ROSALIND [turning the joke sharply on him]

Nay, you might keep that check for it till you met your wife’s wit

going to your neighbour’s bed.

No, you'd have to save that question for when you catch your wife's wit on its way to your neighbor's bed.

Yeah, you'd have plenty of chances to ask when you find her wit sneaking over to your neighbor's house.

her wit would go to the neighbor's bed

ORLANDO [genuinely stumped]

And what wit could wit have to excuse that?

And what excuse could even her smartness come up with for that?

What kind of excuse could even intelligence come up with for cheating like that?

no excuse for that

ROSALIND [relishing women's cleverness]

Marry, to say she came to seek you there. You shall never take her

without her answer unless you take her without her tongue. O, that

woman that cannot make her fault her husband’s occasion, let her never

nurse her child herself, for she will breed it like a fool.

She would say she came to find you there. You'll never catch her without an answer unless you cut out her tongue. Any woman who can't turn her own mistake into an opportunity for her husband shouldn't raise her own child, because she'll raise it like a fool.

She'd just say she went there to find you. You can't stop a smart woman from having an answer—you'd have to cut out her tongue. Any woman who can't turn her mistakes into ways to manipulate her husband shouldn't raise her own kids because she'll ruin them.

she'd say she was looking for you can't catch her without an answer women gotta use their wit

ORLANDO [reluctant at parting]

For these two hours, Rosalind, I will leave thee.

For these two hours, Rosalind, I must leave you.

I've got to go for two hours, Rosalind.

i gotta go for two hours

ROSALIND [genuine reluctance beneath the game]

Alas, dear love, I cannot lack thee two hours.

Oh, dear love, I cannot be without you for two hours.

I can't go two hours without you.

two hours is too long

ORLANDO [dutiful, promising to return]

I must attend the Duke at dinner. By two o’clock I will be with thee

again.

I must attend the Duke for dinner. I'll be back by two o'clock.

I've got to have dinner with the Duke, but I'll be back by two.

dinner with the duke back by 2

ROSALIND [masking hurt with bravado]

Ay, go your ways, go your ways. I knew what you would prove. My friends

told me as much, and I thought no less. That flattering tongue of yours

won me. ’Tis but one cast away, and so, come death! Two o’clock is your

hour?

Yes, go on your way. I knew what would happen. My friends told me and I believed them. Your smooth talk won me over. I'm just one girl lost, so let death come! Two o'clock is when you're coming back?

Yeah, go ahead. I knew this would happen—my friends warned me. Your sweet talk got me. I'm just another girl thrown away, so whatever. You're coming back at two o'clock, right?

go ahead i knew this would happen two o'clock right

ORLANDO [affectionate reassurance]

Ay, sweet Rosalind.

Ay, sweet Rosalind.

Ay, sweet Rosalind.

Ay, sweet Rosalind.

ROSALIND [half-joking, half-serious warning]

By my troth, and in good earnest, and so God mend me, and by all pretty

oaths that are not dangerous, if you break one jot of your promise or

come one minute behind your hour, I will think you the most pathetical

break-promise, and the most hollow lover, and the most unworthy of her

you call Rosalind that may be chosen out of the gross band of the

unfaithful. Therefore beware my censure, and keep your promise.

By my honor, and seriously, and so help me God, and by all harmless oaths, if you break even a tiny bit of your promise or come even one minute late, I will think you the most pitiful oath-breaker, the most fake lover, and the most unworthy of being called Rosalind's lover among all the unfaithful men in the world. So watch out for my judgment, and keep your promise.

Seriously, I'm swearing on everything—if you're even a minute late or break your word at all, I'll think you're a pathetic liar and the worst boyfriend, totally unworthy of anyone. So keep your promise or you're dead to me.

swear you'll be on time don't be late if you break this i'm done

ORLANDO [solemn vow of devotion]

With no less religion than if thou wert indeed my Rosalind. So, adieu.

I'll hold this promise with as much devotion as if you were actually my true Rosalind. So, goodbye.

I'll keep this promise like you're my real girlfriend. Goodbye.

promise kept bye rosalind

"if thou wert indeed my Rosalind" The conditional is devastating: 'if thou wert indeed.' He means it as a hypothetical — she IS his Rosalind, he just doesn't know the pretense is the literal truth. He is swearing devotion to Rosalind while speaking to Rosalind.
Why it matters Orlando's farewell oath is the play's most complete expression of dramatic irony: he pledges devotion to 'Ganymede' with the faith he would give to 'Rosalind' — unaware that they are the same person and he is doing exactly what he says.
ROSALIND [wry closing remark, resigned]

Well, Time is the old justice that examines all such offenders, and let

time try. Adieu.

Well, Time is the ancient judge who examines all such wrongdoers, so let time be the test. Goodbye.

Time will tell if you're faithful or not, so we'll see. Goodbye.

time will tell bye

[_Exit Orlando._]
CELIA [gleeful teasing over her cousin's confession]

You have simply misused our sex in your love-prate! We must have your

doublet and hose plucked over your head and show the world what the

bird hath done to her own nest.

You've completely mocked our entire gender with your romantic talk! We should pull your clothes off over your head and show everyone what the bird has done to ruin her own nest.

You've totally made fun of all women with your sweet-talking act! We should strip you naked and show what that bird-woman did to mess up her own nest.

you insulted all women with your romantic act

Why it matters Celia's warning — 'sell when you can, you are not for all markets' — is the play's most practical statement about love. She's seen everything. She knows Rosalind is falling. She's telling her, as gently as possible: this is real, and you should act accordingly.
ROSALIND [giddy, drowning in her own love]

O coz, coz, coz, my pretty little coz, that thou didst know how many

fathom deep I am in love! But it cannot be sounded; my affection hath

an unknown bottom, like the Bay of Portugal.

Oh cousin, cousin, cousin, my pretty little cousin, if only you knew how impossibly deep I am in love! But it can't be measured; my love has no bottom, like the Bay of Portugal.

Oh Celia, Celia, I'm so deep in love it can't even be measured—it's like an ocean with no bottom.

i'm so deep in love no bottom to it like the ocean

"my affection hath an unknown bottom, like the Bay of Portugal" The Bay of Portugal (the Atlantic approaches to Portugal) was considered by Elizabethan mariners among the deepest waters known — legendarily fathomless. Rosalind's love, she says, is as deep and as uncharted as that ocean.
Why it matters This is the moment the mask comes off — privately, between the two women, with the audience watching. Rosalind has been performing detachment and playing games for the whole scene, and here she simply tells the truth: she is as deep in love as the ocean has depth. She cannot pretend otherwise, not to Celia.
CELIA [sharp wit undercutting her cousin's swoon]

Or rather, bottomless, that as fast as you pour affection in, it runs

out.

Or rather, bottomless—as fast as you pour love in, it drains right out.

Yeah, except no—it's like a hole where love goes in and just disappears.

love drains right out no bottom

ROSALIND [carried away describing boundless longing]

No, that same wicked bastard of Venus, that was begot of thought,

conceived of spleen, and born of madness, that blind rascally boy that

abuses everyone’s eyes because his own are out, let him be judge how

deep I am in love. I’ll tell thee, Aliena, I cannot be out of the sight

of Orlando. I’ll go find a shadow and sigh till he come.

No, let that wicked bastard of Venus, born of thinking, made of spite, and brought into being by madness, that blind rascal who hurts everyone because he's blind, let him judge how deep in love I am. I'm telling you, I cannot be away from Orlando's sight. I'll go find some shade and sigh until he comes.

No, let Cupid himself—that messed-up, blind kid born from thinking and madness—judge how deep I'm in love. I can't be away from Orlando. I'll just go hide in the shade and sigh until he shows up.

i can't be away from orlando i'll wait in the shade and sigh

"I cannot be out of the sight of Orlando" The scene's last and most important line. Not 'Ganymede' talking. Not a therapeutic exercise or a role. Just Rosalind, speaking the truth: she cannot be away from him. The whole game, the disguise, the bravado, the lectures — all of it was always this.
Why it matters This is the scene's final and most important moment: Rosalind has stopped performing. She has stopped being Ganymede-playing-Rosalind. She is just Rosalind, who loves Orlando, and cannot bear to be out of his sight. The mask hasn't slipped — it has become irrelevant.
CELIA [deadpan, refusing to be swept up]

And I’ll sleep.

And I’ll sleep.

And I’ll sleep.

And I’ll sleep.

[_Exeunt._]

The Reckoning

Everything in this scene is double. The wooing is a game and it's the most earnest wooing in the play. The wedding is pretend and it is entirely real. Rosalind speaks as Ganymede the whole time, and she means every word she says as herself. The mask never slips — it just becomes transparent. By the time Orlando leaves, Rosalind doesn't bother hiding anymore: 'I cannot be out of the sight of Orlando.' The performance is over. The feeling has been there the whole time, and she knows it.

If this happened today…

Imagine a woman who, after weeks of anonymous texting with a guy she's actually in love with, finally has him in person — but she's been pretending to be someone else the whole time, coaching him on what to say to 'her.' So now she has to stay in character, run the scene she invented, and simultaneously feel the full weight of the real thing happening underneath it. She keeps making jokes. She keeps being brilliant. She marries him with a ring pop in her friend's living room while her friend reads the vows from her phone. When he leaves, she texts her friend: 'I am completely done for.' That is Act 4, Scene 1.

Continue to 4.2 →