← 2.2
Act 2, Scene 3 — Paris. The King’s palace.
on stage:
Next: 2.4 →
Original
Faithful Conversational Text-message
The argument The King presents Helena her reward: any husband she chooses from his court — but when she picks Bertram, he refuses, and the King must compel him by force.
Enter Bertram, Lafew and Parolles.
LAFEW LAFEW

They say miracles are past; and we have our philosophical persons to

make modern and familiar things supernatural and causeless. Hence is it

that we make trifles of terrors, ensconcing ourselves into seeming

knowledge when we should submit ourselves to an unknown fear.

They say miracles are past; and we have our philosophical persons to make modern and familiar things supernatural and causeless. Hence is it that we make trifles of terrors, ensconcing ourselves into seeming knowledge when we should submit ourselves to an unknown fear.

they say miracles 're past; and we 've our philosophical persons to make modern and familiar things supernatural and causeless. hence 's it that we make trifles of terrors, ensconcing ourselves into seeming knowledge when we should submit ourselves to an unknown fear.

They say miracles are past; and we have our philosophical persons to...

"philosophical persons to make modern and familiar things supernatural" Lafew is satirizing Renaissance rationalists who explained miracles as natural phenomena. He's saying Helena's cure was genuinely miraculous — and anyone who tries to explain it scientifically is missing the point.
PAROLLES PAROLLES

Why, ’tis the rarest argument of wonder that hath shot out in our

latter times.

Why, ’is the rarest argument of wonder that has shot out in our latter times.

why, ’t's the rarest argument of wonder that has shot out in our latter times.

Why, ’is the rarest argument of wonder that has shot out in...

BERTRAM BERTRAM

And so ’tis.

And so ’is.

and so ’is.

And so ’is.

LAFEW LAFEW

To be relinquish’d of the artists,—

To be relinquish’d of the artists,—

to be relinquish’d of the artists,—

To be relinquish’d of the artists,—

PAROLLES PAROLLES

So I say; both of Galen and Paracelsus.

So I say; both of Galen and Paracelsus.

so i say; both of galen and paracelsus.

So I say; both of Galen and Paracelsus.

"Galen and Paracelsus" The joke: Parolles has no idea what Lafew is saying. He just name-drops the two most famous physicians — one ancient authority, one modern rebel — to sound knowledgeable, which is exactly his pattern throughout the play.
LAFEW LAFEW

Of all the learned and authentic fellows,—

Of all the learned and authentic fellows,—

of all the learned and authentic fellows,—

Of all the learned and authentic fellows,—

PAROLLES PAROLLES

Right; so I say.

Right; so I say.

right; so i say.

Right; so I say.

LAFEW LAFEW

That gave him out incurable,—

That gave him out incurable,—

that gave him out incurable,—

That gave him out incurable,—

PAROLLES PAROLLES

Why, there ’tis; so say I too.

Why, there ’is; so say I too.

why, there ’is; so say i too.

Why, there ’is; so say I too.

LAFEW LAFEW

Not to be helped.

Not to be helped.

not to be helped.

Not to be helped.

PAROLLES PAROLLES

Right; as ’twere a man assur’d of a—

Right; as ’twere a man assur’d of a—

right; as ’twere a man assur’d of a—

Right; as ’twere a man assur’d of a—

LAFEW LAFEW

Uncertain life and sure death.

Uncertain life and sure death.

uncertain life and sure death.

Uncertain life and sure death.

PAROLLES PAROLLES

Just; you say well. So would I have said.

Just; you say well. So would I have said.

just; you say well. so would i 've said.

Just; you say well. So would I have said.

LAFEW LAFEW

I may truly say, it is a novelty to the world.

I may truly say, it is a novelty to the world.

i may truly say, it 's a novelty to the world.

I may truly say, it is a novelty to the world.

PAROLLES PAROLLES

It is indeed; if you will have it in showing, you shall read it in what

do you call there?

It is indeed; if you will have it in showing, you shall read it in what do you call there?

it 's indeed; if you will 've it in showing, you shall read it in what do you call there?

It is indeed; if you will have it in showing, you shall...

LAFEW LAFEW

A showing of a heavenly effect in an earthly actor.

A showing of a heavenly effect in an earthly actor.

a showing of a heavenly effect in an earthly actor.

A showing of a heavenly effect in an earthly actor.

PAROLLES PAROLLES

That’s it; I would have said the very same.

That’s it; I would have said the very same.

that’s it; i would 've said the very same.

That’s it; I would have said the very same.

LAFEW LAFEW

Why, your dolphin is not lustier; fore me, I speak in respect—

Why, your dolphin is not lustier; fore me, I speak in respect—

why, your dolphin 's not lustier; fore me, i speak in respect—

Why, your dolphin is not lustier; fore me, I speak in respect—

PAROLLES PAROLLES

Nay, ’tis strange, ’tis very strange; that is the brief and the tedious

of it; and he’s of a most facinerious spirit that will not acknowledge

it to be the—

no, ’is strange, ’is very strange; that is the brief and the tedious of it; and he’s of a most facinerious spirit that will not acknowledge it to be the—

no, ’t's strange, ’t's very strange; that 's the brief and the tedious of it; and he’s of a most facinerious spirit that will not acknowledge it to be the—

no, ’is strange, ’is very strange; that is the brief and the...

"most facinerious spirit" 'Facinerious' appears almost nowhere else in the language — it may be Shakespeare giving Parolles a deliberately obscure word to make him sound pompous. The joke: Parolles is trying to be the sophisticated one and only proves Lafew's point.
LAFEW LAFEW

Very hand of heaven.

Very hand of heaven.

very hand of heaven.

Very hand of heaven.

PAROLLES PAROLLES

Ay, so I say.

Ay, so I say.

ay, so i say.

Ay, so I say.

LAFEW LAFEW

In a most weak—

In a most weak—

in a most weak—

In a most weak—

PAROLLES PAROLLES

And debile minister, great power, great transcendence, which should

indeed give us a further use to be made than alone the recov’ry of the

king, as to be—

And debile minister, great power, great transcendence, which should indeed give us a further use to be made than alone the recov’ry of the king, as to be—

and debile minister, great power, great transcendence, which should indeed give us a further use to be made than alone the recov’ry of the king, as to be—

And debile minister, great power, great transcendence, which should indeed give us...

LAFEW LAFEW

Generally thankful.

Generally thankful.

generally thankful.

Generally thankful.

PAROLLES PAROLLES

I would have said it; you say well. Here comes the king.

I would have said it; you say well. Here comes the king.

i would 've said it; you say well. here comes the king.

I would have said it; you say well. Here comes the king.

Enter King, Helena and Attendants.
LAFEW LAFEW

Lustique, as the Dutchman says. I’ll like a maid the better, whilst I

have a tooth in my head. Why, he’s able to lead her a coranto.

Lustique, as the Dutchman says. I’ll like a maid the better, whilst I have a tooth in my head. Why, he’s able to lead her a coranto.

lustique, as the dutchman says. i’ll like a maid the better, whilst i 've a tooth in my head. why, he’s able to lead her a coranto.

Lustique, as the Dutchman says. I’ll like a maid the better, whilst...

PAROLLES PAROLLES

_Mor du vinager!_ is not this Helen?

_Mor du vinager!_ is not this Helen?

_mor du vinager!_ 's not th's helen?

_Mor du vinager!_ is not this Helen?

LAFEW LAFEW

Fore God, I think so.

Fore God, I think so.

fore god, i think so.

Fore God, I think so.

KING KING

Go, call before me all the lords in court.

Go, call before me all the lords in court.

go, call before me all the lords in court.

Go, call before me all the lords in court.

[_Exit an Attendant._]
Sit, my preserver, by thy patient’s side,
And with this healthful hand, whose banish’d sense
Thou has repeal’d, a second time receive
The confirmation of my promis’d gift,
Which but attends thy naming.
Enter several Lords.
Fair maid, send forth thine eye. This youthful parcel
Of noble bachelors stand at my bestowing,
O’er whom both sovereign power and father’s voice
I have to use. Thy frank election make;
Thou hast power to choose, and they none to forsake.
HELENA ≋ verse HELENA

To each of you one fair and virtuous mistress

Fall, when love please! Marry, to each but one!

To each of you one fair and virtuous mistress Fall, when love please! Marry, to each but one!

to each of you one fair and virtuous mistress fall, when love please! marry, to each but one!

To each of you one fair and virtuous mistress Fall, when love...

LAFEW ≋ verse LAFEW

I’d give bay curtal and his furniture

My mouth no more were broken than these boys’,

And writ as little beard.

I’d give bay curtal and his furniture My mouth no more were broken than these boys’, And writ as little beard.

i’d give bay curtal and h's furniture my mouth no more were broken than these boys’, and writ as little beard.

I’d give bay curtal and his furniture My mouth no more were...

KING ≋ verse KING

Peruse them well.

Not one of those but had a noble father.

She addresses her to a Lord.

Peruse them well. Not one of those but had a noble father. She addresses her to a Lord.

peruse them well. not one of those but had a noble father. she addresses her to a lord.

Peruse them well. Not one of those but had a noble father....

HELENA ≋ verse HELENA

Gentlemen,

Heaven hath through me restor’d the king to health.

Gentlemen, Heaven has through me restor’d the king to health.

gentlemen, heaven has through me restor’d the king to health.

Gentlemen, Heaven has through me restor’d the king to health.

ALL ALL

We understand it, and thank heaven for you.

We understand it, and thank heaven for you.

we understand it, and thank heaven for you.

We understand it, and thank heaven for you.

HELENA ≋ verse HELENA

I am a simple maid, and therein wealthiest

That I protest I simply am a maid.

Please it, your majesty, I have done already.

The blushes in my cheeks thus whisper me:

“We blush that thou shouldst choose; but, be refused,

Let the white death sit on thy cheek for ever,

We’ll ne’er come there again.”

I am a simple maid, and therein wealthiest That I protest I simply am a maid. Please it, your majesty, I have done already. The blushes in my cheeks thus whisper me: “We blush that you should choose; but, be refused, Let the white death sit on your cheek for ever, We’ll ne’er come there again.”

i am a simple maid, and therein wealthiest that i protest i simply am a maid. please it, your majesty, i 've done already. the blushes in my cheeks thus whisper me: “we blush that you should choose; but, be refused, let the white death sit on your cheek for ever, we’ll ne’er come there again.”

I am a simple maid, and therein wealthiest That I protest I...

"The blushes in my cheeks thus whisper me" Helena personifies her own blushes as separate voices — a delicate way of conveying that she's acutely aware of her audacity in choosing a husband. The blush speaks of the social violation even as Helena commits it.
KING ≋ verse KING

Make choice; and, see,

Who shuns thy love shuns all his love in me.

Make choice; and, see, Who shuns your love shuns all his love in me.

make choice; and, see, who shuns your love shuns all h's love in me.

Make choice; and, see, Who shuns your love shuns all his love...

Why it matters This is the King's loaded promise — and its consequences will drive the next three acts. Bertram is about to test exactly what it means.
HELENA HELENA

Now, Dian, from thy altar do I fly,

And to imperial Love, that god most high,

Do my sighs stream. [_To first Lord._] Sir, will you hear my suit?

Now, Dian, from your altar do I fly, And to imperial Love, that god most high, Do my sighs stream. [_To first Lord._] Sir, will you hear my suit?

now, dian, from your altar do i fly, and to imperial love, that god most high, do my sighs stream. [_to first lord._] sir, will you hear my suit?

Now, Dian, from your altar do I fly, And to imperial Love,...

"from thy altar do I fly" Diana is the goddess of chastity — to fly from her altar is to abandon the unmarried state. This is Helena publicly declaring she is choosing romantic love over her previous devoted, worshipful distance from it.
FIRST LORD FIRST LORD

And grant it.

And grant it.

and grant it.

And grant it.

HELENA HELENA

Thanks, sir; all the rest is mute.

Thanks, sir; all the rest is mute.

thanks, sir; all the rest 's mute.

Thanks, sir; all the rest is mute.

LAFEW LAFEW

I had rather be in this choice than throw ames-ace for my life.

I had rather be in this choice than throw ames-ace for my life.

i had rather be in th's choice than throw ames-ace for my life.

I had rather be in this choice than throw ames-ace for my...

[_To second Lord._] The honour, sir, that flames in your fair eyes,
HELENA ≋ verse HELENA

Before I speak, too threat’ningly replies.

Love make your fortunes twenty times above

Her that so wishes, and her humble love!

Before I speak, too threat’ningly replies. Love make your fortunes twenty times above Her that so wishes, and her humble love!

before i speak, too threat’ningly replies. love make your fortunes twenty times above her that so wishes, and her humble love!

Before I speak, too threat’ningly replies. Love make your fortunes twenty times...

SECOND LORD SECOND LORD

No better, if you please.

No better, if you please.

no better, if you please.

No better, if you please.

HELENA ≋ verse HELENA

My wish receive,

Which great Love grant; and so I take my leave.

My wish receive, Which great Love grant; and so I take my leave.

my wish receive, which great love grant; and so i take my leave.

My wish receive, Which great Love grant; and so I take my...

LAFEW LAFEW

Do all they deny her? An they were sons of mine I’d have them whipp’d;

or I would send them to th’ Turk to make eunuchs of.

Do all they deny her? An they were sons of mine I’d have them whipp’d; or I would send them to th’ Turk to make eunuchs of.

do all they deny her? an they were sons of mine i’d 've them whipp’d; or i would send them to th’ turk to make eunuchs of.

Do all they deny her? An they were sons of mine I’d...

[_To third Lord._] Be not afraid that I your hand should take;
HELENA ≋ verse HELENA

I’ll never do you wrong for your own sake.

Blessing upon your vows, and in your bed

Find fairer fortune, if you ever wed!

I’ll never do you wrong for your own sake. Blessing upon your vows, and in your bed Find fairer fortune, if you ever wed!

i’ll never do you wrong for your own sake. blessing upon your vows, and in your bed find fairer fortune, if you ever wed!

I’ll never do you wrong for your own sake. Blessing upon your...

LAFEW LAFEW

These boys are boys of ice, they’ll none have her. Sure, they are

bastards to the English; the French ne’er got ’em.

These boys are boys of ice, they’ll none have her. Sure, they are bastards to the English; the French ne’er got ’em.

these boys 're boys of ice, they’ll none 've her. sure, they 're bastards to the english; the french ne’er got ’em.

These boys are boys of ice, they’ll none have her. Sure, they...

[_To fourth Lord._] You are too young, too happy, and too good,
HELENA HELENA

To make yourself a son out of my blood.

To make yourself a son out of my blood.

to make yourself a son out of my blood.

To make yourself a son out of my blood.

FOURTH LORD FOURTH LORD

Fair one, I think not so.

Fair one, I think not so.

fair one, i think not so.

Fair one, I think not so.

LAFEW LAFEW

There’s one grape yet. I am sure thy father drank wine. But if thou

beest not an ass, I am a youth of fourteen; I have known thee already.

There’s one grape yet. I am sure your father drank wine. But if you beest not an ass, I am a youth of fourteen; I have known you already.

there’s one grape yet. i am sure your father drank wine. but if you beest not an ass, i am a youth of fourteen; i 've known you already.

There’s one grape yet. I am sure your father drank wine. But...

[_To Bertram._] I dare not say I take you, but I give
HELENA ≋ verse HELENA

Me and my service, ever whilst I live,

Into your guiding power. This is the man.

Me and my service, ever whilst I live, Into your guiding power. This is the man.

me and my service, ever whilst i live, into your guiding power. th's 's the man.

Me and my service, ever whilst I live, Into your guiding power....

Why it matters This is the pivot of the play — Helena's declaration over Bertram. She has chosen, publicly, the man who will spend three acts rejecting her.
KING KING

Why, then, young Bertram, take her; she’s thy wife.

Why, then, young Bertram, take her; she’s your wife.

why, then, young bertram, take her; she’s your wife.

Why, then, young Bertram, take her; she’s your wife.

BERTRAM ≋ verse BERTRAM

My wife, my liege! I shall beseech your highness,

In such a business give me leave to use

The help of mine own eyes.

My wife, my liege! I shall beseech your highness, In such a business give me leave to use The help of mine own eyes.

my wife, my liege! i shall beseech your highness, in such a business give me leave to use the help of mine own eyes.

My wife, my liege! I shall beseech your highness, In such a...

KING ≋ verse KING

Know’st thou not, Bertram,

What she has done for me?

Know’st you not, Bertram, What she has done for me?

know’st you not, bertram, what she has done for me?

Know’st you not, Bertram, What she has done for me?

BERTRAM ≋ verse BERTRAM

Yes, my good lord,

But never hope to know why I should marry her.

Yes, my good lord, But never hope to know why I should marry her.

yes, my good lord, but never hope to know why i should marry her.

Yes, my good lord, But never hope to know why I should...

KING KING

Thou know’st she has rais’d me from my sickly bed.

you know’st she has rais’d me from my sickly bed.

you know’st she has rais’d me from my sickly bed.

you know’st she has rais’d me from my sickly bed.

BERTRAM ≋ verse BERTRAM

But follows it, my lord, to bring me down

Must answer for your raising? I know her well;

She had her breeding at my father’s charge:

A poor physician’s daughter my wife! Disdain

Rather corrupt me ever!

But follows it, my lord, to bring me down Must answer for your raising? I know her well; She had her breeding at my father’s charge: A poor physician’s daughter my wife! Disdain Rather corrupt me ever!

but follows it, my lord, to bring me down must answer for your raising? i know her well; she had her breeding at my father’s charge: a poor physician’s daughter my wife! disdain rather corrupt me ever!

But follows it, my lord, to bring me down Must answer for...

"A poor physician's daughter my wife! Disdain / Rather corrupt me ever!" This is Bertram's naked class snobbery. Helena's father was a brilliant physician — but a commoner. In the Renaissance hierarchy, a count marrying into the professional class, however accomplished, was social degradation. Bertram says he'd prefer to let the vice of disdain ruin him rather than lower himself.
Why it matters Bertram strips away all euphemism here — it's pure class contempt, and it's the thing that will haunt the play. He's not wrong about the social reality; he's just wrong about whether it matters.
KING ≋ verse KING

’Tis only title thou disdain’st in her, the which

I can build up. Strange is it that our bloods,

Of colour, weight, and heat, pour’d all together,

Would quite confound distinction, yet stands off

In differences so mighty. If she be

All that is virtuous, save what thou dislik’st,

A poor physician’s daughter,—thou dislik’st—

Of virtue for the name. But do not so.

From lowest place when virtuous things proceed,

The place is dignified by the doer’s deed.

Where great additions swell’s, and virtue none,

It is a dropsied honour. Good alone

Is good without a name; vileness is so:

The property by what it is should go,

Not by the title. She is young, wise, fair;

In these to nature she’s immediate heir;

And these breed honour: that is honour’s scorn

Which challenges itself as honour’s born,

And is not like the sire. Honours thrive

When rather from our acts we them derive

Than our fore-goers. The mere word’s a slave,

Debauch’d on every tomb, on every grave

A lying trophy, and as oft is dumb

Where dust and damn’d oblivion is the tomb

Of honour’d bones indeed. What should be said?

If thou canst like this creature as a maid,

I can create the rest. Virtue and she

Is her own dower; honour and wealth from me.

’is only title you disdain’st in her, the which I can build up. Strange is it that our bloods, Of colour, weight, and heat, pour’d all together, Would quite confound distinction, yet stands off In differences so mighty. If she be All that is virtuous, save what you dislik’st, A poor physician’s daughter,—you dislik’st— Of virtue for the name. But do not so. From lowest place when virtuous things proceed, The place is dignified by the doer’s deed. Where great additions swell’s, and virtue none, It is a dropsied honour. Good alone Is good without a name; vileness is so: The property by what it is should go, Not by the title. She is young, wise, fair; In these to nature she’s immediate heir; And these breed honour: that is honour’s scorn Which challenges itself as honour’s born, And is not like the sire. Honours thrive When rather from our acts we them derive Than our fore-goers. The mere word’s a slave, Debauch’d on every tomb, on every grave A lying trophy, and as oft is dumb Where dust and damn’d oblivion is the tomb Of honour’d bones indeed. What should be said? If you can like this creature as a maid, I can create the rest. Virtue and she Is her own dower; honour and wealth from me.

’t's only title you disdain’st in her, the which i can build up. strange 's it that our bloods, of colour, weight, and heat, pour’d all together, would quite confound distinction, yet stands off in differences so mighty. if she be all that 's virtuous, save what you dislik’st, a poor physician’s daughter,—you dislik’st— of virtue for the name. but do not so. from lowest place when virtuous things proceed, the place 's dignified by the doer’s deed. where great additions swell’s, and virtue none, it 's a dropsied honour. good alone 's good without a name; vileness 's so: the property by what it 's should go, not by the title. she 's young, wise, fair; in these to nature she’s immediate heir; and these breed honour: that 's honour’s scorn which challenges itself as honour’s born, and 's not like the sire. honours thrive when rather from our acts we them derive than our fore-goers. the mere word’s a slave, debauch’d on every tomb, on every grave a lying trophy, and as oft 's dumb where dust and damn’d oblivion 's the tomb of honour’d bones indeed. what should be said? if you can like th's creature as a maid, i can create the rest. virtue and she 's her own dower; honour and wealth from me.

’is only title you disdain’st in her, the which I can build...

"Strange is it that our bloods, / Of colour, weight, and heat, pour'd all together, / Would quite confound distinction" The King is making a proto-meritocratic argument: human blood is physically identical regardless of rank. Mix noble and common blood and you cannot tell the difference. The claim is radical for its time.
"From lowest place when virtuous things proceed, / The place is dignified by the doer's deed" A couplet that stands as the King's central thesis: not birth but action creates genuine honor. Shakespeare makes this argument repeatedly across his career.
Why it matters This is the play's central philosophical speech — a king arguing that merit outranks birth. It's unusual in Shakespeare for a monarch to argue so directly against aristocratic privilege. The irony is that Bertram refuses to hear it, and the rest of the play tests whether the King is right.
BERTRAM BERTRAM

I cannot love her, nor will strive to do ’t.

I cannot love her, nor will strive to do ’t.

i cannot love her, nor will strive to do ’t.

I cannot love her, nor will strive to do ’t.

KING KING

Thou wrong’st thyself, if thou shouldst strive to choose.

you wrong’st yourself, if you should strive to choose.

you wrong’st yourself, if you should strive to choose.

you wrong’st yourself, if you should strive to choose.

HELENA ≋ verse HELENA

That you are well restor’d, my lord, I am glad.

Let the rest go.

That you are well restor’d, my lord, I am glad. Let the rest go.

that you 're well restor’d, my lord, i am glad. let the rest go.

That you are well restor’d, my lord, I am glad. Let the...

KING ≋ verse KING

My honour’s at the stake, which to defeat,

I must produce my power. Here, take her hand,

Proud scornful boy, unworthy this good gift,

That dost in vile misprision shackle up

My love and her desert; that canst not dream

We, poising us in her defective scale,

Shall weigh thee to the beam; that wilt not know

It is in us to plant thine honour where

We please to have it grow. Check thy contempt;

Obey our will, which travails in thy good;

Believe not thy disdain, but presently

Do thine own fortunes that obedient right

Which both thy duty owes and our power claims;

Or I will throw thee from my care for ever

Into the staggers and the careless lapse

Of youth and ignorance; both my revenge and hate

Loosing upon thee in the name of justice,

Without all terms of pity. Speak! Thine answer!

My honour’s at the stake, which to defeat, I must produce my power. Here, take her hand, Proud scornful boy, unworthy this good gift, That do in vile misprision shackle up My love and her desert; that can not dream We, poising us in her defective scale, Shall weigh you to the beam; that will not know It is in us to plant yours honour where We please to have it grow. Check your contempt; Obey our will, which travails in your good; Believe not your disdain, but presently Do yours own fortunes that obedient right Which both your duty owes and our power claims; Or I will throw you from my care for ever Into the staggers and the careless lapse Of youth and ignorance; both my revenge and hate Loosing upon you in the name of justice, Without all terms of pity. Speak! yours answer!

my honour’s at the stake, which to defeat, i must produce my power. here, take her hand, proud scornful boy, unworthy th's good gift, that do in vile misprision shackle up my love and her desert; that can not dream we, poising us in her defective scale, shall weigh you to the beam; that will not know it 's in us to plant yours honour where we please to 've it grow. check your contempt; obey our will, which travails in your good; believe not your disdain, but presently do yours own fortunes that obedient right which both your duty owes and our power claims; or i will throw you from my c're for ever into the staggers and the careless lapse of youth and ignorance; both my revenge and hate loosing upon you in the name of justice, without all terms of pity. speak! yours answer!

My honour’s at the stake, which to defeat, I must produce my...

"Proud scornful boy, unworthy this good gift" The King drops all pretense of gentle persuasion. This is royal anger — public, formal, devastating. Calling Bertram 'boy' in front of the whole court is a deliberate humiliation of his claim to adult nobility.
BERTRAM ≋ verse BERTRAM

Pardon, my gracious lord; for I submit

My fancy to your eyes. When I consider

What great creation, and what dole of honour

Flies where you bid it, I find that she, which late

Was in my nobler thoughts most base, is now

The praised of the king; who, so ennobled,

Is as ’twere born so.

Pardon, my gracious lord; for I submit My fancy to your eyes. When I consider What great creation, and what dole of honour Flies where you bid it, I find that she, which late Was in my nobler thoughts most base, is now The praised of the king; who, so ennobled, Is as ’twere born so.

pardon, my gracious lord; for i submit my fancy to your eyes. when i consider what great creation, and what dole of honour flies where you bid it, i find that she, which late was in my nobler thoughts most base, 's now the praised of the king; who, so ennobled, 's as ’twere born so.

Pardon, my gracious lord; for I submit My fancy to your eyes....

"Is as 'twere born so" The most cynical capitulation in the play. Bertram isn't saying Helena deserves him — he's saying the King's endorsement is the only thing that makes her acceptable. He's agreeing with the King's power, not his argument.
KING ≋ verse KING

Take her by the hand,

And tell her she is thine; to whom I promise

A counterpoise; if not to thy estate,

A balance more replete.

Take her by the hand, And tell her she is yours; to whom I promise A counterpoise; if not to your estate, A balance more replete.

take her by the hand, and tell her she 's yours; to whom i promise a counterpoise; if not to your estate, a balance more replete.

Take her by the hand, And tell her she is yours; to...

BERTRAM BERTRAM

I take her hand.

I take her hand.

i take her hand.

I take her hand.

"I take her hand." Four words that constitute a legal marriage in this era — the formal handfasting (hand-taking) before witnesses and a king was binding. Bertram says it like a death sentence being carried out.
🎭 Dramatic irony Bertram says 'I take her hand' with minimal ceremony — but in Elizabethan law, this public handfasting before the King constituted a legally binding marriage. He thinks he's complying minimally; he's actually fully married.
KING ≋ verse KING

Good fortune and the favour of the king

Smile upon this contract; whose ceremony

Shall seem expedient on the now-born brief,

And be perform’d tonight. The solemn feast

Shall more attend upon the coming space,

Expecting absent friends. As thou lov’st her,

Thy love’s to me religious; else, does err.

Good fortune and the favour of the king Smile upon this contract; whose ceremony Shall seem expedient on the now-born brief, And be perform’d tonight. The solemn feast Shall more attend upon the coming space, Expecting absent friends. As you lov’st her, your love’s to me religious; else, does err.

good fortune and the favour of the king smile upon th's contract; whose ceremony shall seem expedient on the now-born brief, and be perform’d tonight. the solemn feast shall more attend upon the coming space, expecting absent friends. as you lov’st her, your love’s to me religious; else, does err.

Good fortune and the favour of the king Smile upon this contract;...

[_Exeunt King, Bertram, Helena, Lords, and Attendants._]
LAFEW LAFEW

Do you hear, monsieur? A word with you.

Do you hear, monsieur? A word with you.

do you hear, monsieur? a word with you.

Do you hear, monsieur? A word with you.

PAROLLES PAROLLES

Your pleasure, sir.

Your pleasure, sir.

your pleasure, sir.

Your pleasure, sir.

LAFEW LAFEW

Your lord and master did well to make his recantation.

Your lord and master did well to make his recantation.

your lord and master did well to make h's recantation.

Your lord and master did well to make his recantation.

PAROLLES PAROLLES

Recantation! My lord! My master!

Recantation! My lord! My master!

recantation! my lord! my master!

Recantation! My lord! My master!

LAFEW LAFEW

Ay. Is it not a language I speak?

Ay. Is it not a language I speak?

ay. 's it not a language i speak?

Ay. Is it not a language I speak?

PAROLLES PAROLLES

A most harsh one, and not to be understood without bloody succeeding.

My master!

A most harsh one, and not to be understood without bloody succeeding. My master!

a most harsh one, and not to be understood without bloody succeeding. my master!

A most harsh one, and not to be understood without bloody succeeding....

LAFEW LAFEW

Are you companion to the Count Rossillon?

Are you companion to the Count Rossillon?

're you companion to the count rossillon?

Are you companion to the Count Rossillon?

PAROLLES PAROLLES

To any count; to all counts; to what is man.

To any count; to all counts; to what is man.

to any count; to all counts; to what 's man.

To any count; to all counts; to what is man.

"To any count; to all counts; to what is man." Parolles plays on 'count' (nobleman) — implicitly claiming nobility while simultaneously claiming universal brotherhood. He's bluffing upward and sideways at the same time.
LAFEW LAFEW

To what is count’s man: count’s master is of another style.

To what is count’s man: count’s master is of another style.

to what 's count’s man: count’s master 's of another style.

To what is count’s man: count’s master is of another style.

PAROLLES PAROLLES

You are too old, sir; let it satisfy you, you are too old.

You are too old, sir; let it satisfy you, you are too old.

you 're too old, sir; let it satisfy you, you 're too old.

You are too old, sir; let it satisfy you, you are too...

LAFEW LAFEW

I must tell thee, sirrah, I write man; to which title age cannot bring

thee.

I must tell you, sir, I write man; to which title age cannot bring you.

i must tell you, sir, i write man; to which title age cannot bring you.

I must tell you, sir, I write man; to which title age...

PAROLLES PAROLLES

What I dare too well do, I dare not do.

What I dare too well do, I dare not do.

what i d're too well do, i d're not do.

What I dare too well do, I dare not do.

"What I dare too well do, I dare not do." This is an accidental confession: Parolles is saying he could harm Lafew if he tried but is choosing not to — but the riddle-form reveals his habit of talking around the thing he can't quite say.
LAFEW LAFEW

I did think thee, for two ordinaries, to be a pretty wise fellow; thou

didst make tolerable vent of thy travel; it might pass. Yet the scarfs

and the bannerets about thee did manifoldly dissuade me from believing

thee a vessel of too great a burden. I have now found thee; when I lose

thee again I care not. Yet art thou good for nothing but taking up, and

that thou art scarce worth.

I did think you, for two ordinaries, to be a pretty wise fellow; you did make tolerable vent of your travel; it might pass. Yet the scarfs and the bannerets about you did manifoldly dissuade me from believing you a vessel of too great a burden. I have now found you; when I lose you again I care not. Yet are you good for nothing but taking up, and that you are scarce worth.

i did think you, for two ordinaries, to be a pretty wise fellow; you did make tolerable vent of your travel; it might pass. yet the scarfs and the bannerets about you did manifoldly dissuade me from believing you a vessel of too great a burden. i 've now found you; when i lose you again i c're not. yet 're you good for nothing but taking up, and that you 're scarce worth.

I did think you, for two ordinaries, to be a pretty wise...

PAROLLES PAROLLES

Hadst thou not the privilege of antiquity upon thee—

Hadst you not the privilege of antiquity upon you—

hadst you not the privilege of antiquity upon you—

Hadst you not the privilege of antiquity upon you—

LAFEW LAFEW

Do not plunge thyself too far in anger, lest thou hasten thy trial;

which if—Lord have mercy on thee for a hen! So, my good window of

lattice, fare thee well; thy casement I need not open, for I look

through thee. Give me thy hand.

Do not plunge yourself too far in anger, lest you hasten your trial; which if—Lord have mercy on you for a hen! So, my good window of lattice, fare you well; your casement I need not open, for I look through you. Give me your hand.

do not plunge yourself too far in anger, lest you hasten your trial; which if—lord 've mercy on you for a hen! so, my good window of lattice, f're you well; your casement i need not open, for i look through you. give me your hand.

Do not plunge yourself too far in anger, lest you hasten your...

PAROLLES PAROLLES

My lord, you give me most egregious indignity.

My lord, you give me most egregious indignity.

my lord, you give me most egregious indignity.

My lord, you give me most egregious indignity.

LAFEW LAFEW

Ay, with all my heart; and thou art worthy of it.

Ay, with all my heart; and you are worthy of it.

ay, with all my heart; and you 're worthy of it.

Ay, with all my heart; and you are worthy of it.

PAROLLES PAROLLES

I have not, my lord, deserv’d it.

I have not, my lord, deserv’d it.

i 've not, my lord, deserv’d it.

I have not, my lord, deserv’d it.

LAFEW LAFEW

Yes, good faith, every dram of it; and I will not bate thee a scruple.

Yes, good faith, every dram of it; and I will not bate you a scruple.

yes, good faith, every dram of it; and i will not bate you a scruple.

Yes, good faith, every dram of it; and I will not bate...

PAROLLES PAROLLES

Well, I shall be wiser.

Well, I shall be wiser.

well, i shall be wiser.

Well, I shall be wiser.

LAFEW LAFEW

Ev’n as soon as thou canst, for thou hast to pull at a smack o’ th’

contrary. If ever thou beest bound in thy scarf and beaten, thou shalt

find what it is to be proud of thy bondage. I have a desire to hold my

acquaintance with thee, or rather my knowledge, that I may say in the

default, “He is a man I know.”

Ev’n as soon as you can, for you hast to pull at a smack o’ th’ contrary. If ever you beest bound in your scarf and beaten, you shall find what it is to be proud of your bondage. I have a desire to hold my acquaintance with you, or rather my knowledge, that I may say in the default, “He is a man I know.”

ev’n as soon as you can, for you hast to pull at a smack o’ th’ contrary. if ever you beest bound in your scarf and beaten, you shall find what it 's to be proud of your bondage. i 've a desire to hold my acquaintance with you, or rather my knowledge, that i may say in the default, “he 's a man i know.”

Ev’n as soon as you can, for you hast to pull at...

"If ever thou beest bound in thy scarf and beaten" Lafew is predicting — with uncanny accuracy — exactly what happens to Parolles in Act 4, when he is blindfolded, bound, and interrogated. Shakespeare plants the prophecy in scene 2-3.
PAROLLES PAROLLES

My lord, you do me most insupportable vexation.

My lord, you do me most insupportable vexation.

my lord, you do me most insupportable vexation.

My lord, you do me most insupportable vexation.

LAFEW LAFEW

I would it were hell-pains for thy sake, and my poor doing eternal; for

doing I am past, as I will by thee, in what motion age will give me

leave.

I would it were hell-pains for your sake, and my poor doing eternal; for doing I am past, as I will by you, in what motion age will give me leave.

i would it were hell-pains for your sake, and my poor doing eternal; for doing i am past, as i will by you, in what motion age will give me leave.

I would it were hell-pains for your sake, and my poor doing...

[_Exit._]
PAROLLES PAROLLES

Well, thou hast a son shall take this disgrace off me; scurvy, old,

filthy, scurvy lord! Well, I must be patient; there is no fettering of

authority. I’ll beat him, by my life, if I can meet him with any

convenience, an he were double and double a lord. I’ll have no more

pity of his age than I would have of—I’ll beat him, and if I could but

meet him again.

Well, you hast a son shall take this disgrace off me; scurvy, old, filthy, scurvy lord! Well, I must be patient; there is no fettering of authority. I’ll beat him, by my life, if I can meet him with any convenience, an he were double and double a lord. I’ll have no more pity of his age than I would have of—I’ll beat him, and if I could but meet him again.

well, you hast a son shall take th's disgrace off me; scurvy, old, filthy, scurvy lord! well, i must be patient; there 's no fettering of authority. i’ll beat him, by my life, if i can meet him with any convenience, an he were double and double a lord. i’ll 've no more pity of h's age than i would 've of—i’ll beat him, and if i could but meet him again.

Well, you hast a son shall take this disgrace off me; scurvy,...

Enter Lafew.
LAFEW LAFEW

Sirrah, your lord and master’s married; there’s news for you; you have

a new mistress.

sir, your lord and master’s married; there’s news for you; you have a new mistress.

sir, your lord and master’s married; there’s news for you; you 've a new mistress.

sir, your lord and master’s married; there’s news for you; you have...

PAROLLES PAROLLES

I most unfeignedly beseech your lordship to make some reservation of

your wrongs. He is my good lord; whom I serve above is my master.

I most unfeignedly beseech your lordship to make some reservation of your wrongs. He is my good lord; whom I serve above is my master.

i most unfeignedly beseech your lordship to make some reservation of your wrongs. he 's my good lord; whom i serve above 's my master.

I most unfeignedly beseech your lordship to make some reservation of your...

LAFEW LAFEW

Who? God?

Who? God?

who? god?

Who? God?

PAROLLES PAROLLES

Ay, sir.

Ay, sir.

ay, sir.

Ay, sir.

LAFEW LAFEW

The devil it is that’s thy master. Why dost thou garter up thy arms o’

this fashion? Dost make hose of thy sleeves? Do other servants so? Thou

wert best set thy lower part where thy nose stands. By mine honour, if

I were but two hours younger, I’d beat thee. Methink’st thou art a

general offence, and every man should beat thee. I think thou wast

created for men to breathe themselves upon thee.

The devil it is that’s your master. Why do you garter up your arms o’ this fashion? do make hose of your sleeves? Do other servants so? you wert best set your lower part where your nose stands. By mine honour, if I were but two hours younger, I’d beat you. Methink’st you are a general offence, and every man should beat you. I think you were created for men to breathe themselves upon you.

the devil it 's that’s your master. why do you garter up your arms o’ th's fashion? do make hose of your sleeves? do other servants so? you wert best set your lower part where your nose stands. by mine honour, if i were but two hours younger, i’d beat you. methink’st you 're a general offence, and every man should beat you. i think you were created for men to breathe themselves upon you.

The devil it is that’s your master. Why do you garter up...

"Dost make hose of thy sleeves?" Hose were stockings/leg coverings — Lafew is mocking Parolles's absurdly theatrical costume, suggesting his sleeves are so over-sized and wrapped that they look like he's wearing them on his legs.
PAROLLES PAROLLES

This is hard and undeserved measure, my lord.

This is hard and undeserved measure, my lord.

th's 's hard and undeserved measure, my lord.

This is hard and undeserved measure, my lord.

LAFEW LAFEW

Go to, sir; you were beaten in Italy for picking a kernel out of a

pomegranate; you are a vagabond, and no true traveller. You are more

saucy with lords and honourable personages than the commission of your

birth and virtue gives you heraldry. You are not worth another word,

else I’d call you knave. I leave you.

Go to, sir; you were beaten in Italy for picking a kernel out of a pomegranate; you are a vagabond, and no true traveller. You are more saucy with lords and honourable personages than the commission of your birth and virtue gives you heraldry. You are not worth another word, else I’d call you knave. I leave you.

go to, sir; you were beaten in italy for picking a kernel out of a pomegranate; you 're a vagabond, and no true traveller. you 're more saucy with lords and honourable personages than the commission of your birth and virtue gives you heraldry. you 're not worth another word, else i’d call you knave. i leave you.

Go to, sir; you were beaten in Italy for picking a kernel...

[_Exit._]
Enter Bertram.
PAROLLES PAROLLES

Good, very good, it is so then. Good, very good; let it be conceal’d

awhile.

Good, very good, it is so then. Good, very good; let it be conceal’d awhile.

good, very good, it 's so then. good, very good; let it be conceal’d awhile.

Good, very good, it is so then. Good, very good; let it...

BERTRAM BERTRAM

Undone, and forfeited to cares for ever!

Undone, and forfeited to cares for ever!

undone, and forfeited to cares for ever!

Undone, and forfeited to cares for ever!

PAROLLES PAROLLES

What’s the matter, sweetheart?

What’s the matter, sweetheart?

what’s the matter, sweetheart?

What’s the matter, sweetheart?

BERTRAM ≋ verse BERTRAM

Although before the solemn priest I have sworn,

I will not bed her.

Although before the solemn priest I have sworn, I will not bed her.

although before the solemn priest i 've sworn, i will not bed her.

Although before the solemn priest I have sworn, I will not bed...

PAROLLES PAROLLES

What, what, sweetheart?

What, what, sweetheart?

what, what, sweetheart?

What, what, sweetheart?

BERTRAM ≋ verse BERTRAM

O my Parolles, they have married me!

I’ll to the Tuscan wars, and never bed her.

O my Parolles, they have married me! I’ll to the Tuscan wars, and never bed her.

o my parolles, they 've married me! i’ll to the tuscan wars, and never bed her.

O my Parolles, they have married me! I’ll to the Tuscan wars,...

PAROLLES ≋ verse PAROLLES

France is a dog-hole, and it no more merits

The tread of a man’s foot: to the wars!

France is a dog-hole, and it no more merits The tread of a man’s foot: to the wars!

france 's a dog-hole, and it no more merits the tread of a man’s foot: to the wars!

France is a dog-hole, and it no more merits The tread of...

BERTRAM ≋ verse BERTRAM

There’s letters from my mother; what th’ import is

I know not yet.

There’s letters from my mother; what th’ import is I know not yet.

there’s letters from my mother; what th’ import 's i know not yet.

There’s letters from my mother; what th’ import is I know not...

PAROLLES ≋ verse PAROLLES

Ay, that would be known. To th’ wars, my boy, to th’ wars!

He wears his honour in a box unseen

That hugs his kicky-wicky here at home,

Spending his manly marrow in her arms,

Which should sustain the bound and high curvet

Of Mars’s fiery steed. To other regions!

France is a stable; we that dwell in’t, jades,

Therefore, to th’ war!

Ay, that would be known. To th’ wars, my boy, to th’ wars! He wears his honour in a box unseen That hugs his kicky-wicky here at home, Spending his manly marrow in her arms, Which should sustain the bound and high curvet Of Mars’s fiery steed. To other regions! France is a stable; we that dwell in’t, jades, Therefore, to th’ war!

ay, that would be known. to th’ wars, my boy, to th’ wars! he wears h's honour in a box unseen that hugs h's kicky-wicky here at home, spending h's manly marrow in her arms, which should sustain the bound and high curvet of mars’s fiery steed. to other regions! france 's a stable; we that dwell in’t, jades, therefore, to th’ war!

Ay, that would be known. To th’ wars, my boy, to th’...

BERTRAM ≋ verse BERTRAM

It shall be so; I’ll send her to my house,

Acquaint my mother with my hate to her,

And wherefore I am fled; write to the king

That which I durst not speak. His present gift

Shall furnish me to those Italian fields

Where noble fellows strike. War is no strife

To the dark house and the detested wife.

It shall be so; I’ll send her to my house, Acquaint my mother with my hate to her, And wherefore I am fled; write to the king That which I durst not speak. His present gift Shall furnish me to those Italian fields Where noble fellows strike. War is no strife To the dark house and the detested wife.

it shall be so; i’ll send her to my house, acquaint my mother with my hate to her, and wherefore i am fled; write to the king that which i durst not speak. h's present gift shall furnish me to those italian fields where noble fellows strike. war 's no strife to the dark house and the detested wife.

It shall be so; I’ll send her to my house, Acquaint my...

🎭 Dramatic irony Bertram plans to send Helena home and flee to Italy — but the audience is already positioned to suspect Helena won't passively wait. Her determination has been established in 1-1. His plan will be met by a plan.
PAROLLES PAROLLES

Will this caprichio hold in thee, art sure?

Will this caprichio hold in you, are sure?

will th's caprichio hold in you, 're sure?

Will this caprichio hold in you, are sure?

BERTRAM ≋ verse BERTRAM

Go with me to my chamber and advise me.

I’ll send her straight away. Tomorrow

I’ll to the wars, she to her single sorrow.

Go with me to my chamber and advise me. I’ll send her straight away. Tomorrow I’ll to the wars, she to her single sorrow.

go with me to my chamber and advise me. i’ll send her straight away. tomorrow i’ll to the wars, she to her single sorrow.

Go with me to my chamber and advise me. I’ll send her...

PAROLLES ≋ verse PAROLLES

Why, these balls bound; there’s noise in it. ’Tis hard:

A young man married is a man that’s marr’d.

Therefore away, and leave her bravely; go.

The king has done you wrong; but hush ’tis so.

Why, these balls bound; there’s noise in it. ’is hard: A young man married is a man that’s marr’d. Therefore away, and leave her bravely; go. The king has done you wrong; but hush ’is so.

why, these balls bound; there’s noise in it. ’t's hard: a young man married 's a man that’s marr’d. therefore away, and leave her bravely; go. the king has done you wrong; but hush ’t's so.

Why, these balls bound; there’s noise in it. ’is hard: A young...

[_Exeunt._]

The Reckoning

Helena wins everything she wanted and loses it at the same moment. The King gives her his word, his lords, his power — and the one man she actually wants rejects her in front of everyone. Bertram's refusal is brutal in its nakedness: 'A poor physician's daughter my wife!' The King overpowers him into compliance, but compliance is not consent, and the scene ends with Bertram already plotting his escape. The audience is left with the queasy sense that what just happened is not a happy ending — not for anyone.

If this happened today…

Imagine a company's CEO publicly announces that an exceptional contract employee — who just saved the company from collapse — can choose any full-time role she wants, salary negotiated on the spot. She picks VP of Marketing. The Marketing director's son, who was groomed for the role, says on the record: 'She's just a contractor. I'm not working with her.' The CEO overrules him in front of the whole company, HR forces through the org chart change, and the director's son immediately starts texting his recruiter. The paperwork is signed. Nobody is happy.

Continue to 2.4 →