Thus, in this strange and sad habiliment,
I will encounter with Andronicus,
And say I am Revenge, sent from below
To join with him and right his heinous wrongs.
Knock at his study, where they say he keeps
To ruminate strange plots of dire revenge;
Tell him Revenge is come to join with him
And work confusion on his enemies.
In this strange, sad disguise, I will encounter Titus and say I am Revenge, sent from the depths of hell to help him exact vengeance on his enemies. This disguise will hide me from suspicion until I've accomplished my true purpose.
I'll wear this disguise, go to Titus, and tell him I'm Revenge from hell. He'll believe me because he wants to. This will hide me until my real plan works.
i'll dress as revenge. tell him i'm from hell. he'll believe me. he wants revenge. so badly.
Who doth molest my contemplation?
Is it your trick to make me ope the door,
That so my sad decrees may fly away
And all my study be to no effect?
You are deceived; for what I mean to do
See here in bloody lines I have set down;
And what is written shall be executed.
Who disturbs my thoughts? Is it a trick to make me open the door so my dark plans will scatter away from me?
Who's bothering me? Is this a trick to get me to open up and lose my focus?
who's there? is this a trick?
Titus, I am come to talk with thee.
Titus, I've come to speak with you.
Titus, I'm here to talk.
titus. let's talk.
No, not a word; how can I grace my talk,
Wanting a hand to give it action?
Thou hast the odds of me; therefore no more.
No—not a word. How can I speak gracefully without a hand to gesture with? You have the advantage over me, so no more conversation.
No. How can I talk without a hand to make my words proper? You're better off than me. Nothing more to say.
no. i have no hand. for grace. no more talk.
If thou didst know me, thou wouldst talk with me.
If you knew who I was, you would speak with me.
If you knew who I am, you'd talk to me.
you'd talk if you knew me.
I am not mad; I know thee well enough.
Witness this wretched stump, witness these crimson lines;
Witness these trenches made by grief and care;
Witness the tiring day and heavy night;
Witness all sorrow that I know thee well
For our proud empress, mighty Tamora.
Is not thy coming for my other hand?
I'm not mad—I know who you are well enough. Look at this wretched stump, these crimson lines, the trenches carved by grief and sorrow. Tamora, you did this to me, and I'll never forget your face.
I'm not crazy. I know exactly who you are. Look at what you did to me—my hand, my scars, my grief. I know you, Tamora.
i know you. i'm not mad. this stump. these scars. you did this. tamora.
Know thou, sad man, I am not Tamora;
She is thy enemy, and I thy friend.
I am Revenge, sent from th’ infernal kingdom
To ease the gnawing vulture of thy mind
By working wreakful vengeance on thy foes.
Come down and welcome me to this world’s light;
Confer with me of murder and of death.
There’s not a hollow cave or lurking-place,
No vast obscurity or misty vale,
Where bloody murder or detested rape
Can couch for fear but I will find them out,
And in their ears tell them my dreadful name,
Revenge, which makes the foul offender quake.
Know this, sad man—I am not Tamora. She is your enemy; I am your friend. I am Revenge, sent from the infernal kingdom to comfort you and to help you take revenge on your enemies. I bring with me my two companions—Rape and Murder—to destroy those who have wronged you.
Listen—I'm not Tamora. She's your enemy. I'm Revenge, sent from hell to help you. I've brought Rape and Murder with me to destroy everyone who hurt you.
i'm not tamora. i'm revenge. from hell. for you. with rape and murder. to destroy them all.
Art thou Revenge? And art thou sent to me
To be a torment to mine enemies?
Are you Revenge? And are you sent to me to torment my enemies?
Are you Revenge? Sent here to torture my enemies?
revenge? for me? to hurt them?
I am; therefore come down and welcome me.
I am. So come down and welcome me.
Yes. Come greet me.
yes. come.
Do me some service ere I come to thee.
Lo, by thy side where Rape and Murder stands;
Now give some surance that thou art Revenge:
Stab them, or tear them on thy chariot wheels,
And then I’ll come and be thy waggoner,
And whirl along with thee about the globe.
Provide thee two proper palfreys, black as jet,
To hale thy vengeful waggon swift away,
And find out murderers in their guilty caves.
And when thy car is loaden with their heads,
I will dismount, and by the waggon-wheel
Trot like a servile footman all day long,
Even from Hyperion’s rising in the east
Until his very downfall in the sea.
And day by day I’ll do this heavy task,
So thou destroy Rapine and Murder there.
Do something for me first. I see by your side Rape and Murder stand. Tell me their names, describe them, tell me what cruel deeds they've done. Then I'll know you're truly Revenge and will come down to welcome you properly.
Do something for me first. Who are those with you? Describe them. Tell me their names and what they've done. Then I'll know you're real.
first. tell me who they are. their names. what they've done. then i'll believe.
These are my ministers, and come with me.
These are my ministers, and they come with me.
Those are my servants. They came with me.
my servants. they came with me.
Are they thy ministers? What are they called?
Are they your ministers? What are they called?
What are their names?
what are they called?
Rapine and Murder; therefore called so
’Cause they take vengeance of such kind of men.
Rapine and Murder—that's why they're called so, because they take revenge on that kind of man.
Rape and Murder—because they revenge themselves on men like that.
rapine and murder. because they take revenge on men like that.
Good Lord, how like the empress’ sons they are,
And you the empress! But we worldly men
Have miserable, mad, mistaking eyes.
O sweet Revenge, now do I come to thee;
And, if one arm’s embracement will content thee,
I will embrace thee in it by and by.
Good Lord, how like the empress's sons they are! And you are like her too! But we worldly men often make mistakes. Go now—do exactly what I ask, or I'll call Revenge elsewhere.
They look just like your sons! You look like her! But I suppose we all make mistakes. Do what I ask, or I'll find another Revenge.
they're just like your sons. you're just like tamora. but we make mistakes. do what i ask. or i'll find another.
This scene operates on three levels of performance simultaneously.
First level: Tamora performs as Revenge, believing she is deceiving Titus. Second level: Titus performs as deceived, knowing he is not. Third level: the audience knows both performances are occurring, which means they watch the two characters playing each other in a scene where neither is really present — only their theatrical selves are.
The structural elegance is that both performers are right about something. Tamora is right that she can use Titus's 'madness' as a handle. Titus is right that he can exploit Tamora's confidence in that handle. The scene is a performance competition — and Titus wins because he is performing a madness he controls, while Tamora is performing a sincerity she has already abandoned.
Shakespeare gives the scene a crucial tell: Tamora's plan is improvised ('I'll find some cunning practice out of hand'). Titus's plan was ready before she knocked. The actor who has learned the lines wins.
This closing with him fits his lunacy.
Whate’er I forge to feed his brain-sick humours,
Do you uphold and maintain in your speeches,
For now he firmly takes me for Revenge;
And, being credulous in this mad thought,
I’ll make him send for Lucius his son;
And whilst I at a banquet hold him sure,
I’ll find some cunning practice out of hand
To scatter and disperse the giddy Goths,
Or, at the least, make them his enemies.
See, here he comes, and I must ply my theme.
This going along with him fits his madness perfectly. Whatever I invent to feed his crazy mind, I can use as cover for my real plans. My sons are hidden waiting for my signal, and Saturnine thinks I'm negotiating peace. This fool thinks I'm here to help him.
This plays perfectly into his madness. Whatever I tell him, I can use for my real plan. The boys are waiting, Saturnine thinks I'm making peace, and this old fool believes I'm his Revenge.
he's so broken. he believes anything. my sons are waiting. saturnine thinks i'm negotiating. this will work.
Long have I been forlorn, and all for thee.
Welcome, dread Fury, to my woeful house.
Rapine and Murder, you are welcome too.
How like the empress and her sons you are!
Well are you fitted, had you but a Moor.
Could not all hell afford you such a devil?
For well I wot the empress never wags
But in her company there is a Moor;
And, would you represent our queen aright,
It were convenient you had such a devil.
But welcome as you are. What shall we do?
I have been wretched and forlorn all this time, waiting for you. Welcome, dread Revenge, to my sorrowful house. Come, sit with me and plan how we'll destroy my enemies together.
I've been broken and waiting for this. Welcome, terrible Revenge, to my sad home. Sit with me and let's plan how to destroy them all.
i've been waiting. for you. welcome. to my sorrowful house. let's plan their destruction.
What wouldst thou have us do, Andronicus?
What would you have us do, Andronicus?
What do you want us to do?
what do you want?
Show me a murderer, I’ll deal with him.
Show me a murderer and I'll deal with him.
Point out a killer and I'll handle it.
show me a killer.
Show me a villain that hath done a rape,
And I am sent to be revenged on him.
Show me a villain who has committed rape, and I am sent to take revenge on him.
Show me a rapist and I'll get revenge.
show me a rapist.
Show me a thousand that hath done thee wrong,
And I will be revenged on them all.
Show me a thousand who have wronged you, and I will take revenge on them all.
Name a thousand who hurt you, and I'll destroy every one.
name them. i'll destroy them all.
Look round about the wicked streets of Rome,
And when thou find’st a man that’s like thyself,
Good Murder, stab him; he’s a murderer.
Go thou with him; and when it is thy hap
To find another that is like to thee,
Good Rapine, stab him; he is a ravisher.
Go thou with them; and in the emperor’s court
There is a queen, attended by a Moor;
Well shalt thou know her by thine own proportion,
For up and down she doth resemble thee.
I pray thee, do on them some violent death;
They have been violent to me and mine.
Look around Rome's wicked streets. When you find a man like yourself—ambitious, cruel, bloodthirsty, proud—that's the man to strike down. Find Saturnine if you can, or any tyrant like him, and teach him justice through revenge.
Look around Rome. Find someone like you—ambitious, cruel, bloodthirsty, arrogant. Strike him down. Find Saturnine if you can, and teach him justice through revenge.
look at rome. find a tyrant. ambitious. cruel. bloodthirsty. pround. that's who. do it.
Well hast thou lessoned us; this shall we do.
But would it please thee, good Andronicus,
To send for Lucius, thy thrice-valiant son,
Who leads towards Rome a band of warlike Goths,
And bid him come and banquet at thy house?
When he is here, even at thy solemn feast,
I will bring in the empress and her sons,
The emperor himself, and all thy foes,
And at thy mercy shall they stoop and kneel,
And on them shalt thou ease thy angry heart.
What says Andronicus to this device?
You've taught us well. We'll do this. But would it please you, good Andronicus, to see your enemies bound and helpless before you? Would that satisfy your hunger for revenge?
You've taught us well. But here's a thought—what if your enemies were bound and helpless before you? Wouldn't you want to see that?
good lesson. we'll do it. but wouldn't you want to see them bound? helpless?
Marcus, my brother, ’tis sad Titus calls.
Marcus, my brother—sad Titus calls for you.
Marcus, brother—come here.
marcus.
The play's most disturbing staging question is what Lavinia is doing during the execution of Chiron and Demetrius.
She holds the basin to catch their blood. She cannot speak, cannot gesture in any conventional way, cannot express consent or refusal. She is present and she is participating — but on whose terms?
Titus addresses her directly: 'Come, come, Lavinia; look, thy foes are bound.' He shows her the bound rapists before he kills them. He tells her to hold the basin. She does.
The question the play forces is whether Lavinia's participation is an act of agency (she is finally part of her own revenge) or of instrumentalisation (her father is using her body as a prop in his revenge, without being able to ask her consent, any more than her rapists asked it).
Shakespeare gives us no way to answer this definitively. Directors and scholars have made both arguments. What is certain is that this scene is not comfortable — and is not meant to be. The basin is there to make the audience feel something that cannot be reduced to either satisfaction or horror.
This will I do, and soon return again.
I will do this, and return soon.
I'll do it. Back soon.
i'll do it.
Now will I hence about thy business,
And take my ministers along with me.
Now I'll go about your business and take my ministers with me.
I'm leaving now, taking my servants with me.
i'm going. with my ministers.
Nay, nay, let Rape and Murder stay with me,
Or else I’ll call my brother back again
And cleave to no revenge but Lucius.
No, no—let Rape and Murder stay here with me. Otherwise I'll call my brother back to bring you back. I need them.
Wait—leave Rape and Murder here with me. Otherwise I'll have Marcus drag you back. I need them.
wait. leave them. rape and murder. stay with me. or i'll call marcus.
Whiles I go tell my lord the emperor
How I have governed our determined jest?
Yield to his humour, smooth and speak him fair,
And tarry with him till I come again.
I'll go tell my lord the emperor how I've carried out our planned deception. He'll be delighted. This old fool thinks I'm his Revenge, and my sons are his Rape and Murder. Meanwhile, Saturnine gathers his forces.
I'll go tell Saturnine how perfectly this is working. He'll love it. Titus thinks I'm helping him while my sons are in disguise. Everything is going to plan.
i'll tell saturnine. this is perfect. he's completely fooled. my sons are disguised. everything works.
And will o’erreach them in their own devices,
A pair of cursed hell-hounds and their dam.
And I will outwit them in their own tricks—a pair of cursed, hellish hounds and their dam.
And I'll turn their tricks back on them—those cursed hell-hounds and their mother.
i'll outwit them. those hell-hounds. and their mother. i know what's coming.
Madam, depart at pleasure; leave us here.
Madam, leave whenever you're ready. Leave us here.
Go whenever you want. We'll stay.
go. we'll stay.
Farewell, Andronicus. Revenge now goes
To lay a complot to betray thy foes.
Farewell, Andronicus. Revenge now goes to plan the destruction of your enemies.
Goodbye, Titus. Revenge is going to destroy your enemies.
goodbye. revenge will destroy them.
I know thou dost; and, sweet Revenge, farewell.
I know you will. And sweet Revenge, farewell.
I know. Goodbye, Revenge.
goodbye.
Tell us, old man, how shall we be employed?
Tell us, old man—how shall we be used?
What's our job?
what do we do?
Tut, I have work enough for you to do.
Publius, come hither, Caius, and Valentine.
I have plenty of work for you. Publius, come here. Caius and Valentine—come.
I've got plenty for you to do. Publius, Caius, Valentine—come here.
come here. all of you.
What is your will?
What is your will?
Yes?
yes?
The 'Thyestes feast' — cooking family members and feeding them to unsuspecting relatives — is one of the oldest plots in Western literature. It appears in the myth of Atreus and Thyestes (precursor to the House of Atreus tragedies), in Seneca's Thyestes, and in the Philomela/Procne myth that runs through this play.
The myth works because it inverts the most fundamental social act: the shared meal. To eat together is to affirm kinship and trust. To feed someone their own children is to pervert that act completely, making the meal a weapon, the host an executioner, and the table a scaffold.
Titus explicitly invokes both myths: he announces he will be 'worse than Procne' — meaning he will bake Chiron and Demetrius in a pie and serve them to Tamora. This is not a metaphor. The banquet in 5-3 is the completion of this promise.
Elizabethan audiences would have known the Thyestes myth well, partly through Seneca's plays and partly through the humanist curriculum. The shock was not the novelty of the plot but its precise application: Shakespeare takes a classical myth and stages it in careful, literal detail.
Know you these two?
Do you know these two?
Know these two?
know them?
The empress’ sons, I take them, Chiron, Demetrius.
The empress's sons, I think—Chiron and Demetrius.
The empress's sons. Chiron and Demetrius.
the empress's sons. chiron and demetrius.
Fie, Publius, fie, thou art too much deceived.
The one is Murder, and Rape is the other’s name;
And therefore bind them, gentle Publius.
Caius and Valentine, lay hands on them.
Oft have you heard me wish for such an hour,
And now I find it. Therefore bind them sure,
And stop their mouths if they begin to cry.
No, Publius—you're deceived. One is Murder, and the other is Rape. These are the men who cut your cousin's tongue and raped her. These are Chiron and Demetrius—and they're going to pay.
Wrong, Publius. They're not the empress's sons. They're Murder and Rape. These are the ones who cut Lavinia's tongue and raped her. Chiron and Demetrius. And now they'll answer for it.
no. they're murder and rape. they cut lavinia's tongue. they raped her. chiron and demetrius. they'll pay.
Villains, forbear! We are the empress’ sons.
Stop! We are the empress's sons!
Stop! We're the empress's sons!
stop. we're the empress's sons.
And therefore do we what we are commanded.
Stop close their mouths, let them not speak a word.
Is he sure bound? Look that you bind them fast.
And that's why we do what we're commanded. Bind their mouths—don't let them speak another word.
And that's why we follow orders. Gag them. Not another word.
bind their mouths. silence them.
Come, come, Lavinia; look, thy foes are bound.
Sirs, stop their mouths, let them not speak to me,
But let them hear what fearful words I utter.
O villains, Chiron and Demetrius!
Here stands the spring whom you have stained with mud,
This goodly summer with your winter mixed.
You killed her husband, and for that vile fault
Two of her brothers were condemned to death,
My hand cut off and made a merry jest,
Both her sweet hands, her tongue, and that more dear
Than hands or tongue, her spotless chastity,
Inhuman traitors, you constrained and forced.
What would you say if I should let you speak?
Villains, for shame you could not beg for grace.
Hark, wretches, how I mean to martyr you.
This one hand yet is left to cut your throats,
Whiles that Lavinia ’tween her stumps doth hold
The basin that receives your guilty blood.
You know your mother means to feast with me,
And calls herself Revenge, and thinks me mad.
Hark, villains! I will grind your bones to dust,
And with your blood and it I’ll make a paste,
And of the paste a coffin I will rear,
And make two pasties of your shameful heads,
And bid that strumpet, your unhallowed dam,
Like to the earth swallow her own increase.
This is the feast that I have bid her to,
And this the banquet she shall surfeit on;
For worse than Philomel you used my daughter,
And worse than Procne I will be revenged.
And now prepare your throats.—Lavinia, come
Receive the blood.
Come, Lavinia. Look—your attackers are bound and helpless. You've suffered in silence, unable to speak. But now I will speak for you through their blood. You'll have your vengeance, even if you can't voice it yourself.
Come, Lavinia. Look at them—bound and helpless. You couldn't speak, but I can act. I'll be your voice through their blood. You'll get your revenge.
lavinia. look. bound. helpless. you couldn't speak. i'll be your voice. through their blood.
The Reckoning
The double-disguise scene. Tamora thinks she is deceiving Titus into calling off Lucius. Titus is deceiving Tamora into delivering her sons to his kitchen. Both play the madman and the manipulator simultaneously — but only one of them knows the full game. The scene's terrible comedy culminates in one of Shakespeare's most visceral stage images: Lavinia — tongueless, handless — holding the basin to catch her rapists' blood.
If this happened today…
Someone plays dead to lure the person who wronged them into a trap. The wrongdoer believes they are in control of the encounter; they are walking into an ambush they designed. The twist is that the 'victim' has had to become something monstrous to engineer the trap. Titus gets what he wants. What he becomes to get it is the harder question.