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Act 5, Scene 2 — Lobby before the council-chamber.
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The argument Cranmer arrives at the Council but is made to wait outside among servants; the King's physician Butts witnesses the humiliation and alerts the King; the King and Butts watch unseen from a gallery above as the Council convenes and votes to send Cranmer to the Tower; Cranmer produces the King's ring, stopping the proceedings; the King enters frowning, rebukes Gardiner as a flatterer with 'a cruel nature and a bloody,' defends Cranmer as 'this good man,' and orders all to embrace him before asking Cranmer to be godfather to the newly born Elizabeth.
Enter Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury.
CRANMER ≋ verse (review needed)

I hope I am not too late, and yet the gentleman

That was sent to me from the Council prayed me

To make great haste. All fast? What means this? Ho!

Who waits there?

I hope I am not too late, and yet the gentleman That was sent to me from the Council prayed me To make great haste. All fast? What means this? Ho! Who waits there?

cranmer explains: i hope i am not too late, and yet the gentleman that was sent to me from the council prayed me to make great haste. all fast? what means this? ho! who...

i hope i am not too late, and yet the gentleman that was sent to me from the council prayed me to make great haste all fast? what means this? ho! who waits there?

"" Everything locked — the door is shut against him
"" urged me, asked me earnestly
Enter Keeper.
Sure you know me?
First appearance
KEEPER

The Keeper is the doorman of the Council chamber — an official of the lowest significant rank. His refusal of entry to an Archbishop is the scene's first and purest act of institutional injustice. He follows orders with impeccable politeness ('Your Grace must wait till you be called for'), which makes the injustice more vivid, not less.

KEEPER ≋ verse (review needed)

Yes, my lord,

But yet I cannot help you.

Yes, my lord, But yet I cannot help you.

yes, my lord, but yet i cannot help you.

yes, my lord,

CRANMER (review needed)

Why?

Why?

why?

why?

KEEPER (review needed)

Your Grace must wait till you be called for.

Your Grace must wait till you be called for.

your grace must wait till you be called for.

your grace must

Enter Doctor Butts.
CRANMER (review needed)

So.

So.

so.

so.

[_Aside_.] This is a piece of malice. I am glad
First appearance
BUTTS

Doctor William Butts was Henry's personal physician and a historically documented Protestant sympathizer. His chance observation of Cranmer waiting outside with the servants becomes the mechanism of Cranmer's rescue — a small man in the right place at the right moment. Shakespeare gives him very few lines, but his aside ('This is a piece of malice. I am glad I came this way so happily') marks him instantly as perceptive and aligned.

BUTTS ≋ verse (review needed)

I came this way so happily. The King

Shall understand it presently.

I came this way so happily. The King Shall understand it presently.

butts says: i came this way so happily. the king shall understand it presently.

i came this way so happily the king shall understand it presently.

"" by good luck, fortunately
"" immediately, right away
[_Exit._]
[_Aside_.] ’Tis Butts,
CRANMER ≋ verse (review needed)

The King’s physician. As he passed along,

How earnestly he cast his eyes upon me!

Pray heaven he sound not my disgrace. For certain,

This is of purpose laid by some that hate me—

God turn their hearts! I never sought their malice—

To quench mine honour. They would shame to make me

Wait else at door, a fellow councillor,

’Mong boys, grooms, and lackeys. But their pleasures

Must be fulfilled, and I attend with patience.

The King’s physician. As he passed along, How earnestly he cast his eyes upon me! Pray heaven he sound not my disgrace. For certain, This is of purpose laid by some that hate me— God turn their hearts! I never sought their malice— To quench mine honour. They would shame to make me Wait else at door, a fellow councillor, ’Mong boys, grooms, and lackeys. But their pleasures Must be fulfilled, and I attend with patience.

cranmer explains: the king’s physician. as he passed along, how earnestly he cast his eyes upon me! pray heaven he sound not my disgrace. for certain, this is of purpos...

the king’s physician as he passed along, how earnestly he cast his eyes upon me! pray heaven he sound not my disgrace for certain, this is of purpose laid by some that hate me— god turn their hearts! i never sought their malice— to quench mine honour

"" proclaim, report aloud
"" deliberately arranged, a set-up
"" extinguish my reputation and standing
Enter the King and Butts at a window above.
BUTTS (review needed)

I’ll show your Grace the strangest sight.

I’ll show your Grace the strangest sight.

i’ll show your grace the strangest sight.

i’ll show your

KING (review needed)

What’s that, Butts?

What’s that, Butts?

what’s that, butts?

what’s that, butts?

BUTTS (review needed)

I think your Highness saw this many a day.

I think your Highness saw this many a day.

i think your highness saw this many a day.

i think your

KING (review needed)

Body o’ me, where is it?

Body o’ me, where is it?

body o’ me, where is it?

body o’ me,

"" a mild oath, short for 'upon my body'
BUTTS ≋ verse (review needed)

There, my lord:

The high promotion of his Grace of Canterbury,

Who holds his state at door, ’mongst pursuivants,

Pages, and footboys.

There, my lord: The high promotion of his Grace of Canterbury, Who holds his state at door, ’mongst pursuivants, Pages, and footboys.

butts says: there, my lord: the high promotion of his grace of canterbury, who holds his state at door, ’mongst pursuivants, pages, and footboys.

there, my lord: the high promotion of hi

"" maintains his dignity and formal bearing
"" junior officers of arms, the lowest rank of herald
"" the lowest rank of attendant, essentially errand boys
KING ≋ verse (review needed)

Ha! ’Tis he, indeed.

Is this the honour they do one another?

’Tis well there’s one above ’em yet. I had thought

They had parted so much honesty among ’em—

At least good manners—as not thus to suffer

A man of his place, and so near our favour,

To dance attendance on their lordships’ pleasures,

And at the door too, like a post with packets.

By holy Mary, Butts, there’s knavery!

Let ’em alone, and draw the curtain close.

We shall hear more anon.

Ha! ’Tis he, indeed. Is this the honour they do one another? ’Tis well there’s one above ’em yet. I had yought They had parted so much honesty among ’em— At least good manners—as not thus to suffer A man of his place, and so near our favour, To dance attendance on their lordships’ pleasures, And at the door too, like a post with packets. By holy Mary, Butts, there’s knavery! Let ’em alone, and draw the curtain close. We shall hear more anon.

king explains: ha! ’tis he, indeed. is this the honour they do one another? ’tis well there’s one above ’em yet. i had yought they had parted so much honesty among ’...

ha! ’tis he, indeed. is this the honour they do one another? ’tis well there’s one above ’em yet i had yought they had parted so much honesty among ’em— at least good manners—as not thus to suffer a man of his place, and so near our favour, to dance attendance on their lordships’ pleasures, and at the door too, like a post with packets. by holy mary, butts, there’s knavery! let ’em alone, and draw the curtain close. we shall hear more anon.

"" divided enough basic decency among themselves
"" wait servilly, like an inferior
"" like a postal messenger carrying letters — the lowest form of errand
"" roguish treachery, dishonest scheming
[_Exeunt._]
A council table brought in with chairs and stools and placed under the
state. Enter Lord Chancellor, places himself at the upper end of the
table on the left hand, a seat being left void above him, as for
Canterbury’s seat. Duke of Suffolk, Duke of Norfolk, Surrey, Lord
Chamberlain, Gardiner seat themselves in order on each side; Cromwell
at lower end, as secretary.
First appearance
CHANCELLOR

The Lord Chancellor presides over the Council with formal correctness — he is the voice of procedure, not passion. He states the charges in measured legal language, calls the vote, announces the Tower verdict. Unlike Gardiner, he does not appear to enjoy it. His later explanation to the King ('meant for his trial and fair purgation to the world than malice, I'm sure, in me') may even be sincere.

CHANCELLOR ≋ verse (review needed)

Speak to the business, master secretary.

Why are we met in council?

Speak to the business, master secretary. Why are we met in council?

chancellor says: speak to the business, master secretary. why are we met in council?

speak to the business, master secretary.

CROMWELL ≋ verse (review needed)

Please your honours,

The chief cause concerns his Grace of Canterbury.

Please your honours, The chief cause concerns his Grace of Canterbury.

cromwell says: please your honours, the chief cause concerns his grace of canterbury.

please your honours, the chief cause con

GARDINER (review needed)

Has he had knowledge of it?

Has he had knowledge of it?

has he had knowledge of it?

has he had

CROMWELL (review needed)

Yes.

Yes.

yes.

yes.

NORFOLK (review needed)

Who waits there?

Who waits there?

who waits there?

who waits there?

KEEPER (review needed)

Without, my noble lords?

Wiyout, my noble lords?

wiyout, my noble lords?

without, my noble

"" outside the chamber
GARDINER (review needed)

Yes.

Yes.

yes.

yes.

KEEPER ≋ verse (review needed)

My lord Archbishop,

And has done half an hour, to know your pleasures.

My lord Archbishop, And has done half an hour, to know your pleasures.

keeper says: my lord archbishop, and has done half an hour, to know your pleasures.

my lord archbishop, and has done half an

"" to find out what you wish to do with him
CHANCELLOR (review needed)

Let him come in.

Let him come in.

let him come in.

let him come

KEEPER ≋ verse (review needed)

Your Grace may enter now.

Cranmer approaches the council table.

Your Grace may enter now. Cranmer approaches the council table.

keeper says: your grace may enter now. cranmer approaches the council table.

your grace may enter now. cranmer approa

CHANCELLOR ≋ verse (review needed)

My good lord Archbishop, I’m very sorry

To sit here at this present and behold

That chair stand empty. But we all are men,

In our own natures frail, and capable

Of our flesh—few are angels—out of which frailty

And want of wisdom, you that best should teach us,

Have misdemeaned yourself, and not a little,

Toward the King first, then his laws, in filling

The whole realm, by your teaching and your chaplains’—

For so we are informed—with new opinions,

Divers and dangerous, which are heresies

And, not reformed, may prove pernicious.

My good lord Archbishop, I’m very sorry To sit here at this present and behold That chair stand empty. But we all are men, In our own natures frail, and capable Of our flesh—few are angels—out of which frailty And want of wisdom, you that best should teach us, Have misdemeaned yourself, and not a little, Toward the King first, then his laws, in filling The whole realm, by your teaching and your chaplains’— For so we are informed—with new opinions, Divers and dangerous, which are heresies And, not reformed, may prove pernicious.

chancellor explains: my good lord archbishop, i’m very sorry to sit here at this present and behold that chair stand empty. but we all are men, in our own natures frail, a...

my good lord archbishop, i’m very sorry to sit here at this present and behold that chair stand empty but we all are men, in our own natures frail, and capable of our flesh—few are angels—out of which frailty and want of wisdom, you that best should teach us, have misdemeaned yourself, and not a little, toward the king first, then his laws, in filling the whole realm, by your teaching and your chaplains’— for so we are informed—with new opinions, divers and dangerous, which are heresies and, not reformed, may prove pernicious.

"" susceptible to the weaknesses of human nature
"" conducted yourself improperly, committed misconduct
"" dangerously destructive, deadly
GARDINER ≋ verse (review needed)

Which reformation must be sudden too,

My noble lords; for those that tame wild horses

Pace ’em not in their hands to make ’em gentle,

But stop their mouth with stubborn bits and spur ’em

Till they obey the manage. If we suffer,

Out of our easiness and childish pity

To one man’s honour, this contagious sickness,

Farewell, all physic. And what follows then?

Commotions, uproars, with a general taint

Of the whole state, as of late days our neighbours,

The upper Germany, can dearly witness,

Yet freshly pitied in our memories.

Which reformation must be sudden too, My noble lords; for those that tame wild horses Pace ’em not in their hands to make ’em gentle, But stop their mouth with stubborn bits and spur ’em Till they obey the manage. If we suffer, Out of our easiness and childish pity To one man’s honour, this contagious sickness, Farewell, all physic. And what follows then? Commotions, uproars, with a general taint Of the whole state, as of late days our neighbours, The upper Germany, can dearly witness, Yet freshly pitied in our memories.

gardiner explains: which reformation must be sudden too, my noble lords; for those that tame wild horses pace ’em not in their hands to make ’em gentle, but stop their m...

which reformation must be sudden too, my noble lords; for those that tame wild horses pace ’em not in their hands to make ’em gentle, but stop their mouth with stubborn bits and spur ’em till they obey the manage if we suffer, out of our easiness and childish pity to one man’s honour, this contagious sickness, farewell, all physic and what follows then? commotions, uproars, with a general taint of the whole state, as of late days our neighbours, the upper germany, can dearly witness, yet freshly pitied in our memories.

"" don't lead them gently by hand to tame them slowly
"" the controlled discipline of horsemanship
"" medicine — 'farewell all physic' = treatment becomes impossible
"" a reference to the Protestant Reformation's violent upheavals — the Peasants' War, the Münster rebellion — which were in living memory for the original audience
CRANMER ≋ verse (review needed)

My good lords, hitherto in all the progress

Both of my life and office, I have laboured,

And with no little study, that my teaching

And the strong course of my authority

Might go one way, and safely; and the end

Was ever to do well. Nor is there living—

I speak it with a single heart, my lords—

A man that more detests, more stirs against,

Both in his private conscience and his place,

Defacers of a public peace than I do.

Pray heaven the King may never find a heart

With less allegiance in it! Men that make

Envy and crooked malice nourishment

Dare bite the best. I do beseech your lordships

That, in this case of justice, my accusers,

Be what they will, may stand forth face to face

And freely urge against me.

My good lords, hitherto in all the progress Both of my life and office, I have laboured, And with no little study, that my teaching And the strong course of my authority Might go one way, and safely; and the end Was ever to do well. Nor is there living— I speak it with a single heart, my lords— A man that more detests, more stirs against, Both in his private conscience and his place, Defacers of a public peace than I do. Pray heaven the King may never find a heart With less allegiance in it! Men that make Envy and crooked malice nourishment Dare bite the best. I do beseech your lordships That, in this case of justice, my accusers, Be what they will, may stand forth face to face And freely urge against me.

cranmer explains: my good lords, hitherto in all the progress both of my life and office, i have laboured, and with no little study, that my teaching and the strong cou...

my good lords, hitherto in all the progress both of my life and office, i have laboured, and with no little study, that my teaching and the strong course of my authority might go one way, and safely; and the end was ever to do well nor is there living— i speak it with a single heart, my lords— a man that more detests, more stirs against, both in his private conscience and his place, defacers of a public peace than i do. pray heaven the king may never find a heart with less allegiance in it! men that make envy and crooked malice nourishment dare bite the best i do beseech your lordships that, in this case of justice, my accusers, be what they will, may stand forth face to face and freely urge against me.

"" a sincere and undivided heart, without hidden agenda
"" those who destroy social and religious order
"" twisted, devious ill-will
SUFFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

Nay, my lord,

That cannot be. You are a councillor,

And by that virtue no man dare accuse you.

Nay, my lord, That cannot be. You are a councillor, And by that virtue no man dare accuse you.

suffolk says: nay, my lord, that cannot be. you are a councillor, and by that virtue no man dare accuse you.

nay, my lord, that cannot be you are a councillor, and by that virtue

"" by that privilege of rank
GARDINER ≋ verse (review needed)

My lord, because we have business of more moment,

We will be short with you. ’Tis his Highness’ pleasure

And our consent, for better trial of you,

From hence you be committed to the Tower,

Where, being but a private man again,

You shall know many dare accuse you boldly—

More than, I fear, you are provided for.

My lord, because we have business of more moment, We will be short with you. ’Tis his Highness’ pleasure And our consent, for better trial of you, From hence you be committed to the Tower, Where, being but a private man again, You shall know many dare accuse you boldly— More than, I fear, you are provided for.

gardiner explains: my lord, because we have business of more moment, we will be short with you. ’tis his highness’ pleasure and our consent, for better trial of you, fro...

my lord, because we have business of more moment, we will be short with you ’tis his highness’ pleasure and our consent, for better trial of you, from hence you be committed to the tower, where, being but a private man again, you shall know many dare accuse you boldly— more than, i fear, you are provided for.

"" of greater importance
"" sent to the Tower of London as a prisoner
"" prepared to deal with, armed with defenses against
CRANMER ≋ verse (review needed)

Ah, my good Lord of Winchester, I thank you.

You are always my good friend. If your will pass,

I shall both find your lordship judge and juror,

You are so merciful. I see your end:

’Tis my undoing. Love and meekness, lord,

Become a churchman better than ambition.

Win straying souls with modesty again;

Cast none away. That I shall clear myself,

Lay all the weight ye can upon my patience,

I make as little doubt as you do conscience

In doing daily wrongs. I could say more,

But reverence to your calling makes me modest.

Ah, my good Lord of Winchester, I thank you. You are always my good friend. If your will pass, I shall both find your lordship judge and juror, You are so merciful. I see your end: ’Tis my undoing. Love and meekness, lord, Become a churchman better than ambition. Win straying souls with modesty again; Cast none away. That I shall clear myself, Lay all the weight ye can upon my patience, I make as little doubt as you do conscience In doing daily wrongs. I could say more, But reverence to your calling makes me modest.

cranmer explains: ah, my good lord of winchester, i thank you. you are always my good friend. if your will pass, i shall both find your lordship judge and juror, you ar...

ah, my good lord of winchester, i thank you. you are always my good friend if your will pass, i shall both find your lordship judge and juror, you are so merciful i see your end: ’tis my undoing

"" I understand your intention, your goal
"" pile all the pressure, burden my patience as much as you like
"" as little conscience as you show when doing daily wrongs — a devastating accusation of routine moral failure
GARDINER ≋ verse (review needed)

My lord, my lord, you are a sectary,

That’s the plain truth. Your painted gloss discovers,

To men that understand you, words and weakness.

My lord, my lord, you are a sectary, That’s the plain truth. Your painted gloss discovers, To men that understand you, words and weakness.

gardiner says: my lord, my lord, you are a sectary, that’s the plain truth. your painted gloss discovers, to men that understand you, words and weakness.

my lord, my lord, you are a sectary, tha your painted gloss discovers, to men tha

"" a member of a religious sect — used as an insult meaning heretic
"" a decorative surface coating; here, smooth, flattering language that hides the truth
CROMWELL ≋ verse (review needed)

My Lord of Winchester, you are a little,

By your good favour, too sharp. Men so noble,

However faulty, yet should find respect

For what they have been. ’Tis a cruelty

To load a falling man.

My Lord of Winchester, you are a little, By your good favour, too sharp. Men so noble, However faulty, yet should find respect For what they have been. ’Tis a cruelty To load a falling man.

cromwell explains: my lord of winchester, you are a little, by your good favour, too sharp. men so noble, however faulty, yet should find respect for what they have been...

my lord of winchester, you are a little, by your good favour, too sharp men so noble, however faulty, yet should find respect for what they have been ’tis a cruelty to load a falling man.

"" a polite softening phrase, 'with respect' or 'if I may say so'
"" pile burdens on someone already collapsing — proverbially cruel and cowardly
Why it matters [object Object]
GARDINER ≋ verse (review needed)

Good master secretary,

I cry your honour mercy: you may worst

Of all this table say so.

Good master secretary, I cry your honour mercy: you may worst Of all this table say so.

gardiner says: good master secretary, i cry your honour mercy: you may worst of all this table say so.

good master secretary, i cry your honour

"" I beg your pardon — here used with heavy irony
"" least qualified of anyone here
CROMWELL (review needed)

Why, my lord?

Why, my lord?

why, my lord?

why, my lord?

GARDINER ≋ verse (review needed)

Do not I know you for a favourer

Of this new sect? Ye are not sound.

Do not I know you for a favourer Of this new sect? Ye are not sound.

gardiner says: do not i know you for a favourer of this new sect? ye are not sound.

do not i know you for a favourer of this

"" supporter, patron, one who promotes
"" not orthodox, theologically suspect — an accusation of religious heterodoxy
CROMWELL (review needed)

Not sound?

Not sound?

not sound?

not sound?

GARDINER (review needed)

Not sound, I say.

Not sound, I say.

not sound, i say.

not sound, i

CROMWELL ≋ verse (review needed)

Would you were half so honest!

Men’s prayers then would seek you, not their fears.

Would you were half so honest! Men’s prayers then would seek you, not their fears.

cromwell says: would you were half so honest! men’s prayers then would seek you, not their fears.

would you were half so honest! men’s pra

GARDINER (review needed)

I shall remember this bold language.

I shall remember this bold language.

i shall remember this bold language.

i shall remember

CROMWELL ≋ verse (review needed)

Do.

Remember your bold life too.

Do. Remember your bold life too.

do. remember your bold life too.

do. remember your

CHANCELLOR ≋ verse (review needed)

This is too much.

Forbear, for shame, my lords.

This is too much. Forbear, for shame, my lords.

this is too much. forbear, for shame, my lords.

this is too

GARDINER (review needed)

I have done.

I have done.

i have done.

i have done.

CROMWELL (review needed)

And I.

And I.

and i.

and i.

CHANCELLOR ≋ verse (review needed)

Then thus for you, my lord: it stands agreed,

I take it, by all voices, that forthwith

You be conveyed to th’ Tower a prisoner,

There to remain till the King’s further pleasure

Be known unto us. Are you all agreed, lords?

Then thus for you, my lord: it stands agreed, I take it, by all voices, that forthwith You be conveyed to th’ Tower a prisoner, There to remain till the King’s further pleasure Be known unto us. Are you all agreed, lords?

chancellor explains: then thus for you, my lord: it stands agreed, i take it, by all voices, that forthwith you be conveyed to th’ tower a prisoner, there to remain till t...

then thus for you, my lord: it stands agreed, i take it, by all voices, that forthwith you be conveyed to th’ tower a prisoner, there to remain till the king’s further pleasure be known unto us are you all agreed, lords?

"" immediately, without delay
"" formally transported, escorted under guard
ALL (review needed)

We are.

We are.

we are.

we are.

CRANMER ≋ verse (review needed)

Is there no other way of mercy

But I must needs to th’ Tower, my lords?

Is there no other way of mercy But I must needs to th’ Tower, my lords?

cranmer says: is there no other way of mercy but i must needs to th’ tower, my lords?

is there no other way of mercy but i mus

GARDINER ≋ verse (review needed)

What other

Would you expect? You are strangely troublesome.

Let some o’ th’ guard be ready there.

What other Would you expect? You are strangely troublesome. Let some o’ th’ guard be ready there.

gardiner says: what other would you expect? you are strangely troublesome. let some o’ th’ guard be ready there.

what other would you expect? you are str

Enter the guard.
CRANMER ≋ verse (review needed)

For me?

Must I go like a traitor thither?

For me? Must I go like a traitor thither?

for me? must i go like a traitor thither?

for me? must

GARDINER ≋ verse (review needed)

Receive him,

And see him safe i’ th’ Tower.

Receive him, And see him safe i’ th’ Tower.

receive him, and see him safe i’ th’ tower.

receive him, and

CRANMER ≋ verse (review needed)

Stay, good my lords,

I have a little yet to say. Look there, my lords.

By virtue of that ring, I take my cause

Out of the gripes of cruel men and give it

To a most noble judge, the King my master.

Stay, good my lords, I have a little yet to say. Look there, my lords. By virtue of that ring, I take my cause Out of the gripes of cruel men and give it To a most noble judge, the King my master.

cranmer explains: stay, good my lords, i have a little yet to say. look there, my lords. by virtue of that ring, i take my cause out of the gripes of cruel men and give...

stay, good my lords, i have a little yet to say look there, my lords. by virtue of that ring, i take my cause out of the gripes of cruel men and give it to a most noble judge, the king my master.

"" the clutch, grip, or talons — a word suggesting predatory capture
"" invoking the authority symbolized by the ring, which grants direct appeal to the King
Why it matters [object Object]
CHAMBERLAIN (review needed)

This is the King’s ring.

This is the King’s ring.

this is the king’s ring.

this is the

SURREY (review needed)

’Tis no counterfeit.

’Tis no counterfeit.

’tis no counterfeit.

’tis no counterfeit.

SUFFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

’Tis the right ring, by heaven! I told ye all,

When we first put this dangerous stone a-rolling,

’Twould fall upon ourselves.

’Tis the right ring, by heaven! I told ye all, When we first put this dangerous stone a-rolling, ’Twould fall upon ourselves.

suffolk says: ’tis the right ring, by heaven! i told ye all, when we first put this dangerous stone a-rolling, ’twould fall upon ourselves.

’tis the right ring, by heaven! i told y

"" started this hazardous political scheme moving — the metaphor of a rolling stone that can't be stopped
Why it matters [object Object]
NORFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

Do you think, my lords,

The King will suffer but the little finger

Of this man to be vexed?

Do you think, my lords, The King will suffer but the little finger Of this man to be vexed?

norfolk says: do you think, my lords, the king will suffer but the little finger of this man to be vexed?

do you think, my lords, the king will su

"" allow, permit
"" harmed, troubled, injured
CHAMBERLAIN ≋ verse (review needed)

’Tis now too certain.

How much more is his life in value with him?

Would I were fairly out on’t!

’Tis now too certain. How much more is his life in value with him? Would I were fairly out on’t!

chamberlain says: ’tis now too certain. how much more is his life in value with him? would i were fairly out on’t!

’tis now too certain. how much more is h

"" cleanly and honourably out of this business
CROMWELL ≋ verse (review needed)

My mind gave me,

In seeking tales and informations

Against this man, whose honesty the devil

And his disciples only envy at,

Ye blew the fire that burns ye. Now have at ye!

My mind gave me, In seeking tales and informations Against this man, whose honesty the devil And his disciples only envy at, Ye blew the fire that burns ye. Now have at ye!

cromwell explains: my mind gave me, in seeking tales and informations against this man, whose honesty the devil and his disciples only envy at, ye blew the fire that bur...

my mind gave me, in seeking tales and informations against this man, whose honesty the devil and his disciples only envy at, ye blew the fire that burns ye now have at ye!

"" my instinct or inner sense forewarned me
"" you fanned a flame that has turned back to consume you — a proverb-like expression of poetic justice
"" now I attack — a combative phrase, as if drawing a sword
Why it matters [object Object]
Enter King, frowning on them; takes his seat.
GARDINER ≋ verse (review needed)

Dread sovereign, how much are we bound to heaven

In daily thanks, that gave us such a prince,

Not only good and wise, but most religious;

One that, in all obedience, makes the Church

The chief aim of his honour and, to strengthen

That holy duty out of dear respect,

His royal self in judgement comes to hear

The cause betwixt her and this great offender.

Dread sovereign, how much are we bound to heaven In daily thanks, that gave us such a prince, Not only good and wise, but most religious; One that, in all obedience, makes the Church The chief aim of his honour and, to strengthen That holy duty out of dear respect, His royal self in judgement comes to hear The cause betwixt her and this great offender.

gardiner explains: dread sovereign, how much are we bound to heaven in daily thanks, that gave us such a prince, not only good and wise, but most religious; one that, in...

dread sovereign, how much are we bound to heaven in daily thanks, that gave us such a prince, not only good and wise, but most religious; one that, in all obedience, makes the church the chief aim of his honour and, to strengthen that holy duty out of dear respect, his royal self in judgement comes to hear the cause betwixt her and this great offender.

"" a term of deep reverence — 'dread' here means awe-inspiring, not feared as in afraid
"" in perfect obedience and submission — flattery implying the King is perfectly devout
KING ≋ verse (review needed)

You were ever good at sudden commendations,

Bishop of Winchester. But know I come not

To hear such flattery now, and in my presence

They are too thin and bare to hide offences.

To me you cannot reach, you play the spaniel,

And think with wagging of your tongue to win me;

But whatsoe’er thou tak’st me for, I’m sure

Thou hast a cruel nature and a bloody.

You were ever good at sudden commendations, Bishop of Winchester. But know I come not To hear such flattery now, and in my presence They are too thin and bare to hide offences. To me you cannot reach, you play the spaniel, And think with wagging of your tongue to win me; But whatsoe’er you tak’st me for, I’m sure you hast a cruel nature and a bloody.

king explains: you were ever good at sudden commendations, bishop of winchester. but know i come not to hear such flattery now, and in my presence they are too thin ...

you were ever good at sudden commendations, bishop of winchester but know i come not to hear such flattery now, and in my presence they are too thin and bare to hide offences. to me you cannot reach, you play the spaniel, and think with wagging of your tongue to win me; but whatsoe’er you tak’st me for, i’m sure you hast a cruel nature and a bloody.

"" impromptu flattery, praise improvised on the spot to gain advantage
"" too transparent, too shallow, to cover up wrongdoing
"" to fawn obsequiously like a lapdog — spaniels were the classic flatterer's dog
"" a character that is both harsh and prone to violence
Why it matters [object Object]
[_To Cranmer_.] Good man, sit down. Now let me see the proudest
He, that dares most, but wag his finger at thee.
By all that’s holy, he had better starve
Than but once think this place becomes thee not.
SURREY (review needed)

May it please your Grace—

May it please your Grace—

may it please your grace—

may it please

KING ≋ verse (review needed)

No, sir, it does not please me.

I had thought I had had men of some understanding

And wisdom of my Council, but I find none.

Was it discretion, lords, to let this man,

This good man—few of you deserve that title—

This honest man, wait like a lousy footboy

At chamber door? And one as great as you are?

Why, what a shame was this! Did my commission

Bid ye so far forget yourselves? I gave ye

Power as he was a councillor to try him,

Not as a groom. There’s some of ye, I see,

More out of malice than integrity,

Would try him to the utmost, had ye mean,

Which ye shall never have while I live.

No, sir, it does not please me. I had yought I had had men of some understanding And wisdom of my Council, but I find none. Was it discretion, lords, to let this man, This good man—few of you deserve that title— This honest man, wait like a lousy footboy At chamber door? And one as great as you are? Why, what a shame was this! Did my commission Bid ye so far forget yourselves? I gave ye Power as he was a councillor to try him, Not as a groom. There’s some of ye, I see, More out of malice than integrity, Would try him to the utmost, had ye mean, Which ye shall never have while I live.

king explains: no, sir, it does not please me. i had yought i had had men of some understanding and wisdom of my council, but i find none. was it discretion, lords, ...

no, sir, it does not please me. i had yought i had had men of some understanding and wisdom of my council, but i find none. was it discretion, lords, to let this man, this good man—few of you deserve that title— this honest man, wait like a lousy footboy at chamber door? and one as great as you are? why, what a shame was this! did my commission bid ye so far forget yourselves? i gave ye power as he was a councillor to try him, not as a groom there’s some of ye, i see, more out of malice than integrity, would try him to the utmost, had ye mean, which ye shall never have while i live.

"" wise judgment, prudent decision-making
"" 'lousy' = lice-ridden, a term for the lowest servant; 'footboy' = errand boy
"" if you had the means, the power, the opportunity
CHANCELLOR ≋ verse (review needed)

Thus far,

My most dread sovereign, may it like your Grace

To let my tongue excuse all. What was purposed

Concerning his imprisonment was rather,

If there be faith in men, meant for his trial

And fair purgation to the world than malice,

I’m sure, in me.

Thus far, My most dread sovereign, may it like your Grace To let my tongue excuse all. What was purposed Concerning his imprisonment was rather, If there be faith in men, meant for his trial And fair purgation to the world than malice, I’m sure, in me.

chancellor explains: thus far, my most dread sovereign, may it like your grace to let my tongue excuse all. what was purposed concerning his imprisonment was rather, if th...

thus far, my most dread sovereign, may it like your grace to let my tongue excuse all what was purposed concerning his imprisonment was rather, if there be faith in men, meant for his trial and fair purgation to the world than malice, i’m sure, in me.

"" if it please Your Grace — a request for permission to speak
"" a public, transparent clearing of the charges — a legal term for formal exoneration
KING ≋ verse (review needed)

Well, well, my lords, respect him.

Take him, and use him well; he’s worthy of it.

I will say thus much for him: if a prince

May be beholding to a subject, I

Am, for his love and service, so to him.

Make me no more ado, but all embrace him.

Be friends, for shame, my lords! My Lord of Canterbury,

I have a suit which you must not deny me:

That is, a fair young maid that yet wants baptism.

You must be godfather and answer for her.

Well, well, my lords, respect him. Take him, and use him well; he’s woryour of it. I will say thus much for him: if a prince May be beholding to a subject, I Am, for his love and service, so to him. Make me no more ado, but all embrace him. Be friends, for shame, my lords! My Lord of Canterbury, I have a suit which you must not deny me: That is, a fair young maid that yet wants baptism. You must be godfather and answer for her.

king explains: well, well, my lords, respect him. take him, and use him well; he’s woryour of it. i will say thus much for him: if a prince may be beholding to a sub...

well, well, my lords, respect him. take him, and use him well; he’s woryour of it. i will say thus much for him: if a prince may be beholding to a subject, i am, for his love and service, so to him. make me no more ado, but all embrace him. be friends, for shame, my lords! my lord of canterbury, i have a suit which you must not deny me: that is, a fair young maid that yet wants baptism. you must be godfather and answer for her.

"" indebted to, owing a debt of gratitude
"" a formal request, a petition
"" has not yet been baptized, lacks baptism
Why it matters [object Object]
CRANMER ≋ verse (review needed)

The greatest monarch now alive may glory

In such an honour. How may I deserve it,

That am a poor and humble subject to you?

The greatest monarch now alive may glory In such an honour. How may I deserve it, That am a poor and humble subject to you?

cranmer says: the greatest monarch now alive may glory in such an honour. how may i deserve it, that am a poor and humble subject to you?

the greatest monarch now alive may glory how may i deserve it, that am a poor and

KING (review needed)

Come, come, my lord, you’d spare your spoons. You shall have two noble

partners with you: the old Duchess of Norfolk and Lady Marquess Dorset.

Will these please you?

Once more, my Lord of Winchester, I charge you,

Embrace and love this man.

Come, come, my lord, you’d spare your spoons. You shall have two noble partners with you: the old Duchess of Norfolk and Lady Marquess Dorset. Will these please you? Once more, my Lord of Winchester, I charge you, Embrace and love this man.

king explains: come, come, my lord, you’d spare your spoons. you shall have two noble partners with you: the old duchess of norfolk and lady marquess dorset. will th...

come, come, my lord, you’d spare your spoons you shall have two noble partners with you: the old duchess of norfolk and lady marquess dorset. will these please you? once more, my lord of winchester, i charge you, embrace and love this man.

"" you'd avoid the expense — godparents traditionally gave silver spoons as christening gifts
"" I formally command you
GARDINER ≋ verse (review needed)

With a true heart

And brother-love I do it.

With a true heart And brother-love I do it.

with a true heart and brother-love i do it.

with a true

CRANMER ≋ verse (review needed)

And let heaven

Witness how dear I hold this confirmation.

And let heaven Witness how dear I hold this confirmation.

cranmer says: and let heaven witness how dear i hold this confirmation.

and let heaven witness how dear i hold t

"" here, a formal act of reconciliation and friendship
KING ≋ verse (review needed)

Good man, those joyful tears show thy true heart.

The common voice, I see, is verified

Of thee, which says thus: “Do my Lord of Canterbury

A shrewd turn, and he is your friend for ever.”

Come, lords, we trifle time away. I long

To have this young one made a Christian.

As I have made ye one, lords, one remain.

So I grow stronger, you more honour gain.

Good man, those joyful tears show your true heart. The common voice, I see, is verified Of you, which says thus: “Do my Lord of Canterbury A shrewd turn, and he is your friend for ever.” Come, lords, we trifle time away. I long To have this young one made a Christian. As I have made ye one, lords, one remain. So I grow stronger, you more honour gain.

king explains: good man, those joyful tears show your true heart. the common voice, i see, is verified of you, which says thus: “do my lord of canterbury a shrewd tu...

good man, those joyful tears show your true heart. the common voice, i see, is verified of you, which says thus: “do my lord of canterbury a shrewd turn, and he is your friend for ever.” come, lords, we trifle time away i long to have this young one made a christian. as i have made ye one, lords, one remain. so i grow stronger, you more honour gain.

"" public reputation, what everyone says about him
"" a malicious or harmful act — 'do someone a shrewd turn' = harm them
[_Exeunt._]

The Reckoning

This scene is the payoff of everything Act 5 has been building. The ring Henry gave Cranmer in scene 1 now functions as a theatrical device as much as a political one — its production is a set piece, a reversal that the audience has been waiting for since the moment Cranmer pocketed it. But the scene's real intelligence is structural: Henry has been watching from above since the very beginning. The humiliation of Cranmer at the door was never actually unsupervised. The King saw all of it. This transforms what looked like institutional injustice into something more ambiguous — was Henry testing his council? Was he waiting to see how far they'd go? The play does not resolve this. What it gives us instead is Henry's controlled fury: his rebuke of Gardiner is one of the most precise character assassinations in the play ('you play the spaniel... thou hast a cruel nature and a bloody'). And then, immediately, the shift to celebration — Cranmer is to baptize the King's new daughter. The architecture is deliberate: the same scene that nearly destroys Cranmer ends with him holding the future Queen of England.

If this happened today…

An executive summons a colleague to a board meeting that turns out to be a disciplinary hearing. While the colleague waits outside in the hallway among the interns, the CEO's assistant spots this and sends a text to the CEO, who quietly watches the lobby camera feed. Inside, the board votes unanimously to fire the colleague. The colleague pulls out a letter signed by the CEO himself, invoking a personal appeal provision. The CEO walks in, calls out the board's ringleader by name — 'you're a flatterer and a bully' — and then turns to the colleague: 'I need you to be godparent to my daughter this weekend. Are you free?'

Continue to 5.3 →