Take thy lute, wench. My soul grows sad with troubles.
Sing, and disperse ’em, if thou canst. Leave working.
WOMAN
Take your lute, wench. My soul grows sad with troubles. Sing, and disperse ’em, if you canst. Leave working. WOMAN
queen katherine says: take your lute, wench. my soul grows sad with troubles. sing, and disperse ’em, if you canst. leave working. woman
take your lute, wench my soul grows sad with troubles. sing, a
The song sung at the opening of this scene ('Orpheus with his lute made trees / And the mountain-tops that freeze / Bow themselves when he did sing') is one of the most celebrated lyrics associated with Shakespeare. It does not appear in Shakespeare's principal historical source, Holinshed's Chronicles — it was interpolated specifically for this scene, likely by John Fletcher, who co-wrote the play with Shakespeare. The song's subject, Orpheus charming wild nature into harmony, is bitterly ironic: everything Katherine might wish — that music could soften hard hearts, that beauty could still political violence — the play denies her. Orpheus moved stones and trees. Katherine cannot move two Cardinals. The song is placed where it is so we hear it just before the Cardinals arrive, and so its consoling fantasy is immediately contradicted by what follows.
How now?
How now?
how now?
how now?
A household servant who announces the Cardinals at Katherine's door — a tiny role that functions as the gateway between the domestic world of the song and the political world of the Cardinals. His brevity underlines the contrast.
An’t please your Grace, the two great Cardinals
Wait in the presence.
An’t please your Grace, the two great Cardinals Wait in the presence.
gentleman says: an’t please your grace, the two great cardinals wait in the presence.
an’t please your grace, the two great ca
Would they speak with me?
Would they speak with me?
would they speak with me?
would they speak
They willed me say so, madam.
They willed me say so, madam.
they willed me say so, madam.
they willed me
Pray their Graces
To come near.
Pray their Graces To come near.
pray their graces to come near.
pray their graces
'Holy men I thought ye, / Upon my soul, two reverend cardinal virtues; / But cardinal sins and hollow hearts I fear ye.' The word 'cardinal' in this speech does triple duty. It means 'chief' or 'of the first importance' (as in 'cardinal virtues' — faith, hope, charity, and the rest). It means 'of a Cardinal of the Church' (their ecclesiastical rank). And it becomes its own opposite when Katherine shifts from 'cardinal virtues' to 'cardinal sins' — the double movement enacts the deception she is accusing them of. They present themselves as virtues; she sees sins. The wordplay is not decorative. It is the argument. Shakespeare (or Fletcher) has given Katherine the most efficient rhetoric possible for what she is saying: you are the opposite of what you claim.
Peace to your Highness.
Peace to your Highness.
peace to your highness.
peace to your
Your Graces find me here part of housewife;
I would be all, against the worst may happen.
What are your pleasures with me, reverend lords?
Your Graces find me here part of housewife; I would be all, against the worst may happen. What are your pleasures with me, reverend lords?
queen katherine says: your graces find me here part of housewife; i would be all, against the worst may happen. what are your pleasures with me, reverend lords?
your graces find me here part of housewi
May it please you, noble madam, to withdraw
Into your private chamber, we shall give you
The full cause of our coming.
May it please you, noble madam, to withdraw Into your private chamber, we shall give you The full cause of our coming.
wolsey says: may it please you, noble madam, to withdraw into your private chamber, we shall give you the full cause of our coming.
may it please you, noble madam, to withd
Speak it here.
There’s nothing I have done yet, o’ my conscience,
Deserves a corner. Would all other women
Could speak this with as free a soul as I do!
My lords, I care not, so much I am happy
Above a number, if my actions
Were tried by every tongue, every eye saw ’em,
Envy and base opinion set against ’em,
I know my life so even. If your business
Seek me out, and that way I am wife in,
Out with it boldly. Truth loves open dealing.
Speak it here. There’s nothing I have done yet, o’ my conscience, Deserves a corner. Would all other women Could speak this with as free a soul as I do! My lords, I care not, so much I am happy Above a number, if my actions Were tried by every tongue, every eye saw ’em, Envy and base opinion set against ’em, I know my life so even. If your business Seek me out, and that way I am wife in, Out with it boldly. Truth loves open dealing.
queen katherine explains: speak it here. there’s nothing i have done yet, o’ my conscience, deserves a corner. would all other women could speak this with as free a soul as i d...
speak it here. there’s nothing i have done yet, o’ my conscience, deserves a corner would all other women could speak this with as free a soul as i do! my lords, i care not, so much i am happy above a number, if my actions were tried by every tongue, every eye saw ’em, envy and base opinion set against ’em, i know my life so even if your business seek me out, and that way i am wife in, out with it boldly
_Tanta est erga te mentis integritas, regina serenissima_—
_Tanta est erga te mentis integritas, regina serenissima_—
_tanta est erga te mentis integritas, regina serenissima_—
_tanta est erga
O, good my lord, no Latin.
I am not such a truant since my coming
As not to know the language I have lived in.
A strange tongue makes my cause more strange, suspicious.
Pray speak in English. Here are some will thank you,
If you speak truth, for their poor mistress’ sake.
Believe me, she has had much wrong. Lord Cardinal,
The willing’st sin I ever yet committed
May be absolved in English.
O, good my lord, no Latin. I am not such a truant since my coming As not to know the language I have lived in. A strange tongue makes my cause more strange, suspicious. Pray speak in English. Here are some will thank you, If you speak truth, for their poor mistress’ sake. Believe me, she has had much wrong. Lord Cardinal, The willing’st sin I ever yet committed May be absolved in English.
queen katherine explains: o, good my lord, no latin. i am not such a truant since my coming as not to know the language i have lived in. a strange tongue makes my cause more st...
o, good my lord, no latin. i am not such a truant since my coming as not to know the language i have lived in. a strange tongue makes my cause more strange, suspicious. pray speak in english here are some will thank you, if you speak truth, for their poor mistress’ sake. believe me, she has had much wrong lord cardinal, the willing’st sin i ever yet committed may be absolved in english.
Noble lady,
I am sorry my integrity should breed—
And service to his Majesty and you—
So deep suspicion, where all faith was meant.
We come not by the way of accusation,
To taint that honour every good tongue blesses,
Nor to betray you any way to sorrow—
You have too much, good lady—but to know
How you stand minded in the weighty difference
Between the King and you, and to deliver,
Like free and honest men, our just opinions
And comforts to your cause.
Noble lady, I am sorry my integrity should breed— And service to his Majesty and you— So deep suspicion, where all faith was meant. We come not by the way of accusation, To taint that honour every good tongue blesses, Nor to betray you any way to sorrow— You have too much, good lady—but to know How you stand minded in the weighty difference Between the King and you, and to deliver, Like free and honest men, our just opinions And comforts to your cause.
wolsey explains: noble lady, i am sorry my integrity should breed— and service to his majesty and you— so deep suspicion, where all faith was meant. we come not by the...
noble lady, i am sorry my integrity should breed— and service to his majesty and you— so deep suspicion, where all faith was meant. we come not by the way of accusation, to taint that honour every good tongue blesses, nor to betray you any way to sorrow— you have too much, good lady—but to know how you stand minded in the weighty difference between the king and you, and to deliver, like free and honest men, our just opinions and comforts to your cause.
Most honoured madam,
My Lord of York, out of his noble nature,
Zeal, and obedience he still bore your Grace,
Forgetting, like a good man, your late censure
Both of his truth and him—which was too far—
Offers, as I do, in a sign of peace,
His service and his counsel.
Most honoured madam, My Lord of York, out of his noble nature, Zeal, and obedience he still bore your Grace, Forgetting, like a good man, your late censure Both of his truth and him—which was too far— Offers, as I do, in a sign of peace, His service and his counsel.
campeius explains: most honoured madam, my lord of york, out of his noble nature, zeal, and obedience he still bore your grace, forgetting, like a good man, your late ce...
most honoured madam, my lord of york, out of his noble nature, zeal, and obedience he still bore your grace, forgetting, like a good man, your late censure both of his truth and him—which was too far— offers, as i do, in a sign of peace, his service and his counsel.
My lords, I thank you both for your good wills.
Ye speak like honest men; pray God ye prove so.
But how to make ye suddenly an answer
In such a point of weight, so near mine honour—
More near my life, I fear—with my weak wit,
And to such men of gravity and learning,
In truth I know not. I was set at work
Among my maids, full little, God knows, looking
Either for such men or such business.
For her sake that I have been—for I feel
The last fit of my greatness—good your Graces,
Let me have time and counsel for my cause.
Alas, I am a woman friendless, hopeless.
My lords, I thank you both for your good wills. Ye speak like honest men; pray God ye prove so. But how to make ye suddenly an answer In such a point of weight, so near mine honour— More near my life, I fear—with my weak wit, And to such men of gravity and learning, In truth I know not. I was set at work Among my maids, full little, God knows, looking Either for such men or such business. For her sake that I have been—for I feel The last fit of my greatness—good your Graces, Let me have time and counsel for my cause. Alas, I am a woman friendless, hopeless.
queen katherine explains: my lords, i thank you both for your good wills. ye speak like honest men; pray god ye prove so. but how to make ye suddenly an answer in such a point ...
my lords, i thank you both for your good wills. ye speak like honest men; pray god ye prove so. but how to make ye suddenly an answer in such a point of weight, so near mine honour— more near my life, i fear—with my weak wit, and to such men of gravity and learning, in truth i know not i was set at work among my maids, full little, god knows, looking either for such men or such business. for her sake that i have been—for i feel the last fit of my greatness—good your graces, let me have time and counsel for my cause. alas, i am a woman friendless, hopeless.
Madam, you wrong the King’s love with these fears;
Your hopes and friends are infinite.
Madam, you wrong the King’s love with these fears; Your hopes and friends are infinite.
wolsey says: madam, you wrong the king’s love with these fears; your hopes and friends are infinite.
madam, you wrong the king’s love with th
'I am old, my lords, / And all the fellowship I hold now with him / Is only my obedience.' This is Katherine's most devastating self-assessment, and it needs to be heard carefully. She is not saying she no longer loves Henry. She is saying that love has been stripped away by circumstance — that the only thing remaining in the marriage is her performance of duty. She loved him 'next heaven' (she says so just a few lines later). But the love was not reciprocated, the bed was abandoned, and all that is left is the form. The word 'fellowship' — which in Elizabethan English means companionship, partnership, intimacy — makes the loss precise. Katherine has lost the content of marriage while retaining only its obligation. This speech is the emotional center of the entire trial narrative.
In England
But little for my profit. Can you think, lords,
That any Englishman dare give me counsel?
Or be a known friend, ’gainst his Highness’ pleasure,
Though he be grown so desperate to be honest,
And live a subject? Nay, forsooth, my friends,
They that much weigh out my afflictions,
They that my trust must grow to, live not here.
They are, as all my other comforts, far hence
In mine own country, lords.
In England But little for my profit. Can you think, lords, That any Englishman dare give me counsel? Or be a known friend, ’gainst his Highness’ pleasure, yough he be grown so desperate to be honest, And live a subject? Nay, forsooth, my friends, They that much weigh out my afflictions, They that my trust must grow to, live not here. They are, as all my other comforts, far hence In mine own country, lords.
queen katherine explains: in england but little for my profit. can you think, lords, that any englishman dare give me counsel? or be a known friend, ’gainst his highness’ pleas...
in england but little for my profit can you think, lords, that any englishman dare give me counsel? or be a known friend, ’gainst his highness’ pleasure, yough he be grown so desperate to be honest, and live a subject? nay, forsooth, my friends, they that much weigh out my afflictions, they that my trust must grow to, live not here. they are, as all my other comforts, far hence in mine own country, lords.
I would your Grace
Would leave your griefs and take my counsel.
I would your Grace Would leave your griefs and take my counsel.
campeius says: i would your grace would leave your griefs and take my counsel.
i would your grace would leave your grie
How, sir?
How, sir?
how, sir?
how, sir?
Put your main cause into the King’s protection.
He’s loving and most gracious. ’Twill be much
Both for your honour better and your cause,
For if the trial of the law o’ertake ye,
You’ll part away disgraced.
Put your main cause into the King’s protection. He’s loving and most gracious. ’Twill be much Both for your honour better and your cause, For if the trial of the law o’ertake ye, You’ll part away disgraced.
campeius explains: put your main cause into the king’s protection. he’s loving and most gracious. ’twill be much both for your honour better and your cause, for if the t...
put your main cause into the king’s protection. he’s loving and most gracious ’twill be much both for your honour better and your cause, for if the trial of the law o’ertake ye, you’ll part away disgraced.
He tells you rightly.
He tells you rightly.
he tells you rightly.
he tells you
Ye tell me what ye wish for both: my ruin.
Is this your Christian counsel? Out upon ye!
Heaven is above all yet; there sits a judge
That no king can corrupt.
Ye tell me what ye wish for both: my ruin. Is this your Christian counsel? Out upon ye! Heaven is above all yet; there sits a judge That no king can corrupt.
queen katherine explains: ye tell me what ye wish for both: my ruin. is this your christian counsel? out upon ye! heaven is above all yet; there sits a judge that no king can c...
ye tell me what ye wish for both: my ruin. is this your christian counsel? out upon ye! heaven is above all yet; there sits a judge that no king can corrupt.
Your rage mistakes us.
Your rage mistakes us.
your rage mistakes us.
your rage mistakes
The more shame for ye! Holy men I thought ye,
Upon my soul, two reverend cardinal virtues;
But cardinal sins and hollow hearts I fear ye.
Mend ’em, for shame, my lords. Is this your comfort,
The cordial that ye bring a wretched lady,
A woman lost among ye, laughed at, scorned?
I will not wish ye half my miseries;
I have more charity. But say I warned ye.
Take heed, for heaven’s sake, take heed, lest at once
The burden of my sorrows fall upon ye.
The more shame for ye! Holy men I yought ye, Upon my soul, two reverend cardinal virtues; But cardinal sins and hollow hearts I fear ye. Mend ’em, for shame, my lords. Is this your comfort, The cordial that ye bring a wretched lady, A woman lost among ye, laughed at, scorned? I will not wish ye half my miseries; I have more charity. But say I warned ye. Take heed, for heaven’s sake, take heed, lest at once The burden of my sorrows fall upon ye.
queen katherine explains: the more shame for ye! holy men i yought ye, upon my soul, two reverend cardinal virtues; but cardinal sins and hollow hearts i fear ye. mend ’em, for...
the more shame for ye! holy men i yought ye, upon my soul, two reverend cardinal virtues; but cardinal sins and hollow hearts i fear ye. mend ’em, for shame, my lords is this your comfort, the cordial that ye bring a wretched lady, a woman lost among ye, laughed at, scorned? i will not wish ye half my miseries; i have more charity but say i warned ye. take heed, for heaven’s sake, take heed, lest at once the burden of my sorrows fall upon ye.
Madam, this is a mere distraction.
You turn the good we offer into envy.
Madam, this is a mere distraction. You turn the good we offer into envy.
wolsey says: madam, this is a mere distraction. you turn the good we offer into envy.
madam, this is a mere distraction. you t
Ye turn me into nothing. Woe upon ye
And all such false professors! Would you have me—
If you have any justice, any pity,
If ye be anything but churchmen’s habits—
Put my sick cause into his hands that hates me?
Alas, ’has banished me his bed already,
His love, too, long ago. I am old, my lords,
And all the fellowship I hold now with him
Is only my obedience. What can happen
To me above this wretchedness? All your studies
Make me a curse like this.
Ye turn me into nothing. Woe upon ye And all such false professors! Would you have me— If you have any justice, any pity, If ye be anything but churchmen’s habits— Put my sick cause into his hands that hates me? Alas, ’has banished me his bed already, His love, too, long ago. I am old, my lords, And all the fellowship I hold now with him Is only my obedience. What can happen To me above this wretchedness? All your studies Make me a curse like this.
queen katherine explains: ye turn me into nothing. woe upon ye and all such false professors! would you have me— if you have any justice, any pity, if ye be anything but church...
ye turn me into nothing woe upon ye and all such false professors! would you have me— if you have any justice, any pity, if ye be anything but churchmen’s habits— put my sick cause into his hands that hates me? alas, ’has banished me his bed already, his love, too, long ago i am old, my lords, and all the fellowship i hold now with him is only my obedience
Your fears are worse.
Your fears are worse.
your fears are worse.
your fears are
Have I lived thus long—let me speak myself,
Since virtue finds no friends—a wife, a true one—
A woman, I dare say without vainglory,
Never yet branded with suspicion—
Have I with all my full affections
Still met the King, loved him next heav’n, obeyed him,
Been, out of fondness, superstitious to him,
Almost forgot my prayers to content him,
And am I thus rewarded? ’Tis not well, lords.
Bring me a constant woman to her husband,
One that ne’er dreamed a joy beyond his pleasure,
And to that woman, when she has done most,
Yet will I add an honour: a great patience.
Have I lived thus long—let me speak myself, Since virtue finds no friends—a wife, a true one— A woman, I dare say wiyout vainglory, Never yet branded with suspicion— Have I with all my full affections Still met the King, loved him next heav’n, obeyed him, Been, out of fondness, superstitious to him, Almost forgot my prayers to content him, And am I thus rewarded? ’Tis not well, lords. Bring me a constant woman to her husband, One that ne’er dreamed a joy beyond his pleasure, And to that woman, when she has done most, Yet will I add an honour: a great patience.
queen katherine explains: have i lived thus long—let me speak myself, since virtue finds no friends—a wife, a true one— a woman, i dare say wiyout vainglory, never yet branded ...
have i lived thus long—let me speak myself, since virtue finds no friends—a wife, a true one— a woman, i dare say wiyout vainglory, never yet branded with suspicion— have i with all my full affections still met the king, loved him next heav’n, obeyed him, been, out of fondness, superstitious to him, almost forgot my prayers to content him, and am i thus rewarded? ’tis not well, lords. bring me a constant woman to her husband, one that ne’er dreamed a joy beyond his pleasure, and to that woman, when she has done most, yet will i add an honour: a great patience.
Madam, you wander from the good we aim at.
Madam, you wander from the good we aim at.
madam, you wander from the good we aim at.
madam, you wander
Katherine's insistence that the Cardinals speak English, not Latin, is more than a practical request. It is a political act. Latin was the language of ecclesiastical law, of papal authority, of the very machinery being used to dissolve her marriage. By refusing to conduct proceedings in Latin, Katherine refuses to be subject to the apparatus. She is also, in a calculated way, claiming England — she is the one who has 'not been a truant since her coming'; she is the one who speaks English. Wolsey and Campeius are using the language of Rome; she is using the language of the country. The irony is complete: the foreign-born queen defends her marriage in English, while the English Cardinals resort to the foreign ecclesiastical tongue.
My lord, I dare not make myself so guilty
To give up willingly that noble title
Your master wed me to. Nothing but death
Shall e’er divorce my dignities.
My lord, I dare not make myself so guilty To give up willingly that noble title Your master wed me to. Nothing but death Shall e’er divorce my dignities.
queen katherine says: my lord, i dare not make myself so guilty to give up willingly that noble title your master wed me to. nothing but death shall e’er divorce my dignities.
my lord, i dare not make myself so guilt nothing but death shall e’er divorce my
Pray hear me.
Pray hear me.
pray hear me.
pray hear me.
Would I had never trod this English earth
Or felt the flatteries that grow upon it!
Ye have angels’ faces, but heaven knows your hearts.
What will become of me now, wretched lady?
I am the most unhappy woman living.
Would I had never trod this English earth Or felt the flatteries that grow upon it! Ye have angels’ faces, but heaven knows your hearts. What will become of me now, wretched lady? I am the most unhappy woman living.
queen katherine explains: would i had never trod this english earth or felt the flatteries that grow upon it! ye have angels’ faces, but heaven knows your hearts. what will bec...
would i had never trod this english earth or felt the flatteries that grow upon it! ye have angels’ faces, but heaven knows your hearts. what will become of me now, wretched lady? i am the most unhappy woman living.
If your Grace
Could but be brought to know our ends are honest,
You’d feel more comfort. Why should we, good lady,
Upon what cause, wrong you? Alas, our places,
The way of our profession, is against it.
We are to cure such sorrows, not to sow ’em.
For goodness’ sake, consider what you do,
How you may hurt yourself, ay, utterly
Grow from the King’s acquaintance, by this carriage.
The hearts of princes kiss obedience,
So much they love it, but to stubborn spirits
They swell and grow as terrible as storms.
I know you have a gentle, noble temper,
A soul as even as a calm. Pray think us
Those we profess: peacemakers, friends, and servants.
If your Grace Could but be brought to know our ends are honest, You’d feel more comfort. Why should we, good lady, Upon what cause, wrong you? Alas, our places, The way of our profession, is against it. We are to cure such sorrows, not to sow ’em. For goodness’ sake, consider what you do, How you may hurt yourself, ay, utterly Grow from the King’s acquaintance, by this carriage. The hearts of princes kiss obedience, So much they love it, but to stubborn spirits They swell and grow as terrible as storms. I know you have a gentle, noble temper, A soul as even as a calm. Pray think us Those we profess: peacemakers, friends, and servants.
wolsey explains: if your grace could but be brought to know our ends are honest, you’d feel more comfort. why should we, good lady, upon what cause, wrong you? alas, o...
if your grace could but be brought to know our ends are honest, you’d feel more comfort why should we, good lady, upon what cause, wrong you? alas, our places, the way of our profession, is against it. we are to cure such sorrows, not to sow ’em. for goodness’ sake, consider what you do, how you may hurt yourself, ay, utterly grow from the king’s acquaintance, by this carriage. the hearts of princes kiss obedience, so much they love it, but to stubborn spirits they swell and grow as terrible as storms. i know you have a gentle, noble temper, a soul as even as a calm pray think us those we profess: peacemakers, friends, and servants.
Madam, you’ll find it so. You wrong your virtues
With these weak women’s fears. A noble spirit,
As yours was put into you, ever casts
Such doubts, as false coin, from it. The King loves you;
Beware you lose it not. For us, if you please
To trust us in your business, we are ready
To use our utmost studies in your service.
Madam, you’ll find it so. You wrong your virtues With these weak women’s fears. A noble spirit, As yours was put into you, ever casts Such doubts, as false coin, from it. The King loves you; Beware you lose it not. For us, if you please To trust us in your business, we are ready To use our utmost studies in your service.
campeius explains: madam, you’ll find it so. you wrong your virtues with these weak women’s fears. a noble spirit, as yours was put into you, ever casts such doubts, as ...
madam, you’ll find it so you wrong your virtues with these weak women’s fears a noble spirit, as yours was put into you, ever casts such doubts, as false coin, from it
Do what ye will, my lords, and pray forgive me
If I have used myself unmannerly.
You know I am a woman, lacking wit
To make a seemly answer to such persons.
Pray do my service to his Majesty.
He has my heart yet, and shall have my prayers
While I shall have my life. Come, reverend fathers,
Bestow your counsels on me. She now begs
That little thought, when she set footing here,
She should have bought her dignities so dear.
Do what ye will, my lords, and pray forgive me If I have used myself unmannerly. You know I am a woman, lacking wit To make a seemly answer to such persons. Pray do my service to his Majesty. He has my heart yet, and shall have my prayers While I shall have my life. Come, reverend fathers, Bestow your counsels on me. She now begs That little yought, when she set footing here, She should have bought her dignities so dear.
queen katherine explains: do what ye will, my lords, and pray forgive me if i have used myself unmannerly. you know i am a woman, lacking wit to make a seemly answer to such pe...
do what ye will, my lords, and pray forgive me if i have used myself unmannerly. you know i am a woman, lacking wit to make a seemly answer to such persons. pray do my service to his majesty. he has my heart yet, and shall have my prayers while i shall have my life come, reverend fathers, bestow your counsels on me she now begs that little yought, when she set footing here, she should have bought her dignities so dear.
The Reckoning
The song that opens this scene is one of the most beautiful lyrics in all of Shakespeare, and it is not decoration: it speaks of Orpheus charming wild things into peace, which is exactly what Katherine has never been able to do with the men who control her fate. The Cardinals come to her as friends and leave as accused hypocrites. Her great speech — 'I am old, my lords, / And all the fellowship I hold now with him / Is only my obedience' — contains more devastating emotional truth in two lines than most dramatists achieve in an act. She does not just make her legal case. She makes herself.
If this happened today…
A professor who has taught at an institution for twenty years is visited by two senior administrators who suggest, privately and gently, that she should resign before the formal review board meets and 'finds against her.' The conversation is conducted in euphemisms and warmth. She stops them: 'I want this in plain English, not academic.' When they suggest she put her fate in the hands of the department chair who has already moved her office to a basement, she says: 'You want my ruin. Heaven is above all this, and there sits a judge no administrator can corrupt.' Then, exhausted, she asks them to advise her anyway.