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Act 3, Scene 2 — The Palace
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Original
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The argument At court, Edward clumsily woos the widow Lady Grey while his brothers mock him from the side; then alone, Richard delivers a chilling soliloquy about his ambition, his deformity, and his decision to pursue the crown through any means necessary.
Enter King Edward, Richard (Duke of Gloucester), George (Duke of
Clarence) and Lady Grey.
First appearance
KING EDWARD

As king, Edward is charming, impulsive, and transparent — he sees what he wants, reaches for it, and when denied, pivots to a bigger offer. His voice is bluff, direct, sometimes crude. Watch for how he uses mock-admiration ('You cavil, widow') to cover embarrassment, and how his final decision to make her queen is entirely impulsive.

KING EDWARD ≋ verse grieving, angry

Brother of Gloucester, at Saint Albans field

This lady’s husband, Sir John Grey, was slain,

His land then seized on by the conqueror.

Her suit is now to repossess those lands,

Which we in justice cannot well deny,

Because in quarrel of the house of York

The worthy gentleman did lose his life.

Brother of Gloucester, at Saint Albans field This lady’s husband, Sir John Grey, was slain, His land then seized on by the conqueror. Her suit is now to repossess those lands, Which we in justice cannot well deny, Because in quarrel of the house of York The worthy gentleman did lose his life.

Brother of Gloucester, at Saint Albans field This lady’s husband, Sir John Grey, was slain, His land then seized on by the conqueror. Her suit is now to repossess those lands, Which we in justice can't well deny, Because in quarrel of the house of York The worthy gentleman did lose his life.

they are dead

RICHARD ≋ verse resolute

Your Highness shall do well to grant her suit;

It were dishonour to deny it her.

Your Highness shall do well to grant her suit; It were dishonour to deny it her.

Your Highness shall do well to grant her suit; It were dishonour to deny it her.

hm

KING EDWARD resolute

It were no less; but yet I’ll make a pause.

It were no less; but yet I’ll make a pause.

It were no less; but yet I’ll make a pause.

hm

[_Aside to George_.] Yea, is it so?
RICHARD ≋ verse resolute

I see the lady hath a thing to grant

Before the King will grant her humble suit.

I see the lady has a thing to grant Before the King will grant her humble suit.

I see the lady has a thing to grant Before the King will grant her humble suit.

hm

[_Aside to Richard_.] He knows the game; how true he keeps the wind!
[_Aside to George_.] Silence!
KING EDWARD ≋ verse resolute

Widow, we will consider of your suit,

And come some other time to know our mind.

Widow, we will consider of your suit, And come some other time to know our mind.

Widow, we will consider of your suit, And come some other time to know our mind.

hm

First appearance
LADY GREY

Lady Grey (soon to be Queen Elizabeth) speaks with precise, deflective wit — every answer she gives is technically cooperative while refusing the thing she refuses. Her mode is polite ambiguity that slowly firms into a wall: 'I know I am too mean to be your queen, / And yet too good to be your concubine.' Watch for how she never loses her composure, even as Edward becomes more explicit.

LADY GREY ≋ verse resolute

Right gracious lord, I cannot brook delay.

May it please your Highness to resolve me now,

And what your pleasure is shall satisfy me.

Right gracious lord, I cannot tolerate delay. May it please your Highness to resolve me now, And what your pleasure is shall satisfy me.

Right gracious lord, I can't tolerate delay. May it please your Highness to resolve me now, And what your pleasure is shall satisfy me.

yeah brutal

[_Aside to George_.] Ay, widow? Then I’ll warrant you all your lands,
RICHARD ≋ verse resolute

An if what pleases him shall pleasure you.

Fight closer, or, good faith, you’ll catch a blow.

An if what pleases him shall pleasure you. Fight closer, or, good faith, you’ll catch a blow.

An if what pleases him shall pleasure you. Fight closer, or, good faith, you’ll catch a blow.

hm

[_Aside to Richard_.] I fear her not, unless she chance to fall.
[_Aside to George_.] God forbid that, for he’ll take vantages.
KING EDWARD resolute

How many children hast thou, widow? Tell me.

How many children have you, widow? Tell me.

How many children have you, widow? Tell me.

how did that even happen

[_Aside to Richard_.] I think he means to beg a child of her.
[_Aside to George_.] Nay, whip me then; he’ll rather give her two.
LADY GREY resolute

Three, my most gracious lord.

Three, my most gracious lord.

Three, my most gracious lord.

hm

[_Aside to George_.] You shall have four if you’ll be ruled by him.
KING EDWARD resolute

’Twere pity they should lose their father’s lands.

’Twere pity they should lose their father’s lands.

’Twere pity they should lose their father’s lands.

hm

LADY GREY resolute

Be pitiful, dread lord, and grant it then.

Be pitiful, dread lord, and grant it then.

Be pitiful, dread lord, and grant it then.

hm

KING EDWARD resolute

Lords, give us leave; I’ll try this widow’s wit.

Lords, give us leave; I’ll try this widow’s wit.

Lords, give us leave; I’ll try this widow’s wit.

hm

[_Aside to George_.] Ay, good leave have you; for you will have leave
RICHARD resolute

Till youth take leave and leave you to the crutch.

Till youth take leave and leave you to the crutch.

Till youth take leave and leave you to the crutch.

hm

[_Richard and George stand aside._]
KING EDWARD resolute

Now tell me, madam, do you love your children?

Now tell me, madam, do you love your children?

Now tell me, madam, do you love your children?

hm

LADY GREY resolute

Ay, full as dearly as I love myself.

Ay, full as dearly as I love myself.

Ay, full as dearly as I love myself.

hm

KING EDWARD resolute

And would you not do much to do them good?

And would you not do much to do them good?

And would you not do much to do them good?

hm

LADY GREY resolute

To do them good I would sustain some harm.

To do them good I would sustain some harm.

To do them good I would sustain some harm.

hm

KING EDWARD resolute

Then get your husband’s lands to do them good.

Then get your husband’s lands to do them good.

Then get your husband’s lands to do them good.

hm

LADY GREY resolute

Therefore I came unto your majesty.

Therefore I came unto your majesty.

Therefore I came unto your majesty.

hm

KING EDWARD resolute

I’ll tell you how these lands are to be got.

I’ll tell you how these lands are to be got.

I’ll tell you how these lands are to be got.

how did that even happen

LADY GREY resolute

So shall you bind me to your Highness’ service.

So shall you bind me to your Highness’ service.

So shall you bind me to your Highness’ service.

hm

KING EDWARD resolute

What service wilt thou do me if I give them?

What service will you do me if I give them?

What service will you do me if I give them?

hm

LADY GREY resolute

What you command that rests in me to do.

What you command that rests in me to do.

What you command that rests in me to do.

hm

KING EDWARD resolute

But you will take exceptions to my boon.

But you will take exceptions to my boon.

But you will take exceptions to my boon.

hm

LADY GREY resolute

No, gracious lord, except I cannot do it.

No, gracious lord, except I cannot do it.

No, gracious lord, except I cannot do it.

hm

KING EDWARD resolute

Ay, but thou canst do what I mean to ask.

Ay, but you can do what I mean to ask.

Ay, but you can do what I mean to ask.

hm

LADY GREY resolute

Why, then, I will do what your Grace commands.

Why, then, I will do what your Grace commands.

Why, then, I will do what your Grace commands.

hm

[_Aside to George_.] He plies her hard; and much rain wears the marble.
[_Aside to Richard_.] As red as fire! Nay, then her wax must melt.
LADY GREY resolute

Why stops my lord? Shall I not hear my task?

Why stops my lord? Shall I not hear my task?

Why stops my lord? Shall I not hear my task?

hm

KING EDWARD resolute

An easy task; ’tis but to love a king.

An easy task; ’tis but to love a king.

An easy task; ’tis but to love a king.

hm

LADY GREY resolute

That’s soon performed, because I am a subject.

That’s soon performed, because I am a subject.

That’s soon performed, because I am a subject.

hm

KING EDWARD resolute

Why, then, thy husband’s lands I freely give thee.

Why, then, your husband’s lands I freely give you.

Why, then, your husband’s lands I freely give you.

hm

LADY GREY resolute

I take my leave with many thousand thanks.

I take my leave with many thousand thanks.

I take my leave with many thousand thanks.

hm

[_Aside to George_.] The match is made; she seals it with a curtsy.
KING EDWARD resolute

But stay thee; ’tis the fruits of love I mean.

But stay you; ’tis the fruits of love I mean.

But stay you; ’tis the fruits of love I mean.

hm

LADY GREY resolute

The fruits of love I mean, my loving liege.

The fruits of love I mean, my loving liege.

The fruits of love I mean, my loving liege.

hm

KING EDWARD ≋ verse worried, anxious

Ay, but, I fear me, in another sense.

What love, thinkst thou, I sue so much to get?

Ay, but, I fear me, in another sense. What love, thinkst you, I sue so much to get?

Ay, but, I fear me, in another sense. What love, thinkst you, I sue so much to get?

hm

LADY GREY ≋ verse resolute

My love till death, my humble thanks, my prayers;

That love which virtue begs, and virtue grants.

My love till death, my humble thanks, my prayers; That love which virtue begs, and virtue grants.

My love till death, my humble thanks, my prayers; That love which virtue begs, and virtue grants.

they are dead

KING EDWARD resolute

No, by my troth, I did not mean such love.

No, by my troth, I did not mean such love.

No, by my troth, I did not mean such love.

hm

LADY GREY resolute

Why, then, you mean not as I thought you did.

Why, then, you mean not as I thought you did.

Why, then, you mean not as I thought you did.

hm

KING EDWARD resolute

But now you partly may perceive my mind.

But now you partly may perceive my mind.

But now you partly may perceive my mind.

hm

LADY GREY ≋ verse resolute

My mind will never grant what I perceive

Your Highness aims at, if I aim aright.

My mind will never grant what I perceive Your Highness aims at, if I aim aright.

My mind will never grant what I perceive Your Highness aims at, if I aim aright.

hm

KING EDWARD resolute

To tell thee plain, I aim to lie with thee.

To tell you plain, I aim to lie with you.

To tell you plain, I aim to lie with you.

hm

LADY GREY resolute

To tell you plain, I had rather lie in prison.

To tell you plain, I had rather lie in prison.

To tell you plain, I had rather lie in prison.

hm

Why it matters Lady Grey's response to Edward's proposition — 'I had rather lie in prison' — is a perfect reversal of his language: she takes his word 'lie' and redirects it entirely, refusing without argument.
KING EDWARD resolute

Why, then thou shalt not have thy husband’s lands.

Why, then you shall not have your husband’s lands.

Why, then you shall not have your husband’s lands.

hm

LADY GREY ≋ verse resolute

Why, then mine honesty shall be my dower,

For by that loss I will not purchase them.

Why, then mine honesty shall be my dower, For by that loss I will not purchase them.

Why, then mine honesty shall be my dower, For by that loss I will not purchase them.

hm

KING EDWARD resolute

Therein thou wrong’st thy children mightily.

Therein you wrong’st your children mightily.

Therein you wrong’st your children mightily.

hm

LADY GREY ≋ verse resolute

Herein your Highness wrongs both them and me.

But, mighty lord, this merry inclination

Accords not with the sadness of my suit.

Please you dismiss me either with ay or no.

Herein your Highness wrongs both them and me. But, mighty lord, this merry inclination Accords not with the sadness of my suit. Please you dismiss me either with ay or no.

Herein your Highness wrongs both them and me. But, mighty lord, this merry inclination Accords not with the sadness of my suit. Please you dismiss me either with ay or no.

yeah brutal

KING EDWARD ≋ verse resolute

Ay, if thou wilt say ay to my request;

No, if thou dost say no to my demand.

Ay, if you will say ay to my request; No, if you do say no to my demand.

Ay, if you will say ay to my request; No, if you do say no to my demand.

hm

LADY GREY resolute

Then no, my lord. My suit is at an end.

Then no, my lord. My suit is at an end.

Then no, my lord. My suit is at an end.

hm

[_Aside to George_.] The widow likes him not, she knits her brows.
[_Aside to Richard_.] He is the bluntest wooer in Christendom.
[_Aside_.] Her looks doth argue her replete with modesty;
KING EDWARD ≋ verse resolute

Her words doth show her wit incomparable;

All her perfections challenge sovereignty.

One way or other, she is for a king,

And she shall be my love, or else my queen.—

Say that King Edward take thee for his queen?

Her words does show her wit incomparable; All her perfections challenge sovereignty. One way or other, she is for a king, And she shall be my love, or else my queen.— Say that King Edward take you for his queen?

Her words does show her wit incomparable; All her perfections challenge sovereignty. One way or other, she is for a king, And she shall be my love, or else my queen.— Say that King Edward take you for his queen?

how did that even happen

🎭 Dramatic irony Edward impulsively decides Lady Grey 'shall be my queen' — which will humiliate Warwick in France (he's there right now negotiating the Bona marriage) and ultimately cost Edward his crown in Act 4.
LADY GREY ≋ verse resolute

’Tis better said than done, my gracious lord.

I am a subject fit to jest withal,

But far unfit to be a sovereign.

’Tis better said than done, my gracious lord. I am a subject fit to jest withal, But far unfit to be a sovereign.

’Tis better said than done, my gracious lord. I am a subject fit to jest withal, But far unfit to be a sovereign.

yeah brutal

KING EDWARD ≋ verse resolute

Sweet widow, by my state I swear to thee,

I speak no more than what my soul intends;

And that is to enjoy thee for my love.

Sweet widow, by my state I swear to you, I speak no more than what my soul intends; And that is to enjoy you for my love.

Sweet widow, by my state I swear to you, I speak no more than what my soul intends; And that is to enjoy you for my love.

yeah brutal

LADY GREY ≋ verse resolute

And that is more than I will yield unto.

I know I am too mean to be your queen,

And yet too good to be your concubine.

And that is more than I will yield unto. I know I am too mean to be your queen, And yet too good to be your concubine.

And that is more than I will yield unto. I know I am too mean to be your queen, And yet too good to be your concubine.

yeah brutal

KING EDWARD resolute

You cavil, widow; I did mean my queen.

You cavil, widow; I did mean my queen.

You cavil, widow; I did mean my queen.

hm

LADY GREY resolute

’Twill grieve your Grace my sons should call you father.

’Twill grieve your Grace my sons should call you father.

’Twill grieve your Grace my sons should call you father.

hm

KING EDWARD ≋ verse resolute

No more than when my daughters call thee mother.

Thou art a widow, and thou hast some children;

And, by God’s mother, I, being but a bachelor,

Have other some. Why, ’tis a happy thing

To be the father unto many sons.

Answer no more, for thou shalt be my queen.

No more than when my daughters call you mother. you are a widow, and you have some children; And, by God’s mother, I, being but a bachelor, Have other some. Why, ’tis a happy thing To be the father unto many sons. Answer no more, for you shall be my queen.

No more than when my daughters call you mother. you are a widow, and you have some children; And, by God’s mother, I, being but a bachelor, Have other some. Why, ’tis a happy thing To be the father unto many sons. Answer no more, for you shall be my queen.

war blood death everything is chaos

[_Aside to George_.] The ghostly father now hath done his shrift.
[_Aside to Richard_.] When he was made a shriver, ’twas for shift.
KING EDWARD ≋ verse resolute

Brothers, you muse what chat we two have had.

Richard and George come forward.

Brothers, you muse what chat we two have had. Richard and George come forward.

Brothers, you muse what chat we two have had. Richard and George come forward.

hm

RICHARD resolute

The widow likes it not, for she looks very sad.

The widow likes it not, for she looks very sad.

The widow likes it not, for she looks very sad.

hm

KING EDWARD resolute

You’d think it strange if I should marry her.

You’d think it strange if I should indeed her.

You’d think it strange if I should indeed her.

hm

GEORGE resolute

To whom, my lord?

To whom, my lord?

To whom, my lord?

hm

KING EDWARD resolute

Why, Clarence, to myself.

Why, Clarence, to myself.

Why, Clarence, to myself.

hm

RICHARD confused, surprised

That would be ten days’ wonder at the least.

That would be ten days’ wonder at the least.

That would be ten days’ wonder at the least.

how did that even happen

GEORGE confused, surprised

That’s a day longer than a wonder lasts.

That’s a day longer than a wonder lasts.

That’s a day longer than a wonder lasts.

how did that even happen

"That's a day longer than a wonder lasts" Allusion to the proverbial 'nine days' wonder' — the saying that sensational news is forgotten within nine days.
RICHARD confused, surprised

By so much is the wonder in extremes.

By so much is the wonder in extremes.

By so much is the wonder in extremes.

how did that even happen

KING EDWARD ≋ verse resolute

Well, jest on, brothers. I can tell you both

Her suit is granted for her husband’s lands.

Well, jest on, brothers. I can tell you both Her suit is granted for her husband’s lands.

Well, jest on, brothers. I can tell you both Her suit is granted for her husband’s lands.

hm

Enter a Nobleman.
NOBLEMAN ≋ verse resolute

My gracious lord, Henry your foe is taken,

And brought your prisoner to your palace gate.

My gracious lord, Henry your foe is taken, And brought your prisoner to your palace gate.

My gracious lord, Henry your foe is taken, And brought your prisoner to your palace gate.

hm

KING EDWARD ≋ verse resolute

See that he be conveyed unto the Tower.

And go we, brothers, to the man that took him,

To question of his apprehension.

Widow, go you along. Lords, use her honourably.

See that he be conveyed unto the Tower. And go we, brothers, to the man that took him, To question of his apprehension. Widow, go you along. Lords, use her honourably.

See that he be conveyed unto the Tower. And go we, brothers, to the man that took him, To question of his apprehension. Widow, go you along. Lords, use her honourably.

yeah brutal

[_Exeunt all but Richard._]
RICHARD ≋ verse resolute

Ay, Edward will use women honourably.

Would he were wasted, marrow, bones, and all,

That from his loins no hopeful branch may spring,

To cross me from the golden time I look for!

And yet, between my soul’s desire and me—

The lustful Edward’s title buried—

Is Clarence, Henry, and his son young Edward,

And all the unlooked-for issue of their bodies,

To take their rooms ere I can place myself.

A cold premeditation for my purpose!

Why then I do but dream on sovereignty;

Like one that stands upon a promontory

And spies a far-off shore where he would tread,

Wishing his foot were equal with his eye,

And chides the sea that sunders him from thence,

Saying he’ll lade it dry to have his way.

So do I wish the crown, being so far off,

And so I chide the means that keeps me from it;

And so I say I’ll cut the causes off,

Flattering me with impossibilities.

My eye’s too quick, my heart o’erweens too much,

Unless my hand and strength could equal them.

Well, say there is no kingdom then for Richard,

What other pleasure can the world afford?

I’ll make my heaven in a lady’s lap,

And deck my body in gay ornaments,

And ’witch sweet ladies with my words and looks.

O miserable thought, and more unlikely

Than to accomplish twenty golden crowns.

Why, Love forswore me in my mother’s womb,

And, for I should not deal in her soft laws,

She did corrupt frail Nature with some bribe

To shrink mine arm up like a withered shrub;

To make an envious mountain on my back,

Where sits Deformity to mock my body;

To shape my legs of an unequal size;

To disproportion me in every part,

Like to a chaos, or an unlicked bear-whelp

That carries no impression like the dam.

And am I then a man to be beloved?

O monstrous fault to harbour such a thought!

Then, since this earth affords no joy to me

But to command, to check, to o’erbear such

As are of better person than myself,

I’ll make my heaven to dream upon the crown,

And, whiles I live, t’ account this world but hell

Until my misshaped trunk that bear this head

Be round impaled with a glorious crown.

And yet I know not how to get the crown,

For many lives stand between me and home;

And I, like one lost in a thorny wood,

That rents the thorns, and is rent with the thorns,

Seeking a way, and straying from the way,

Not knowing how to find the open air,

But toiling desperately to find it out,

Torment myself to catch the English crown.

And from that torment I will free myself,

Or hew my way out with a bloody axe.

Why, I can smile, and murder while I smile,

And cry “Content!” to that which grieves my heart,

And wet my cheeks with artificial tears,

And frame my face to all occasions.

I’ll drown more sailors than the mermaid shall,

I’ll slay more gazers than the basilisk;

I’ll play the orator as well as Nestor,

Deceive more slyly than Ulysses could,

And, like a Sinon, take another Troy.

I can add colours to the chameleon,

Change shapes with Proteus for advantages,

And set the murderous Machiavel to school.

Can I do this, and cannot get a crown?

Tut, were it farther off, I’ll pluck it down.

Ay, Edward will use women honourably. Would he were wasted, marrow, bones, and all, That from his loins no hopeful branch may spring, To cross me from the golden time I look for! And yet, between my soul’s desire and me— The lustful Edward’s title buried— Is Clarence, Henry, and his son young Edward, And all the unlooked-for issue of their bodies, To take their rooms before I can place myself. A cold premeditation for my purpose! Why then I do but dream on sovereignty; Like one that stands upon a promontory And spies a far-off shore where he would tread, Wishing his foot were equal with his eye, And chides the sea that sunders him from from there, Saying he’ll lade it dry to have his way. So do I wish the crown, being so far off, And so I chide the means that keeps me from it; And so I say I’ll cut the causes off, Flattering me with impossibilities. My eye’s too quick, my heart o’erweens too much, Unless my hand and strength could equal them. Well, say there is no kingdom then for Richard, What other pleasure can the world afford? I’ll make my heaven in a lady’s lap, And deck my body in gay ornaments, And ’witch sweet ladies with my words and looks. O miserable thought, and more unlikely Than to accomplish twenty golden crowns. Why, Love forswore me in my mother’s womb, And, for I should not deal in her soft laws, She did corrupt frail Nature with some bribe To shrink mine arm up like a withered shrub; To make an envious mountain on my back, Where sits Deformity to mock my body; To shape my legs of an unequal size; To disproportion me in every part, Like to a chaos, or an unlicked bear-whelp That carries no impression like the dam. And am I then a man to be beloved? O monstrous fault to harbour such a thought! Then, since this earth affords no joy to me But to command, to check, to o’erbear such As are of better person than myself, I’ll make my heaven to dream upon the crown, And, whiles I live, t’ account this world but hell Until my misshaped trunk that bear this head Be round impaled with a glorious crown. And yet I know not how to get the crown, For many lives stand between me and home; And I, like one lost in a thorny wood, That rents the thorns, and is rent with the thorns, Seeking a way, and straying from the way, Not knowing how to find the open air, But toiling desperately to find it out, Torment myself to catch the English crown. And from that torment I will free myself, Or hew my way out with a bloody axe. Why, I can smile, and murder while I smile, And cry “Content!” to that which grieves my heart, And wet my cheeks with artificial tears, And frame my face to all occasions. I’ll drown more sailors than the mermaid shall, I’ll slay more gazers than the basilisk; I’ll play the orator as well as Nestor, Deceive more slyly than Ulysses could, And, like a Sinon, take another Troy. I can add colours to the chameleon, Change shapes with Proteus for advantages, And set the murderous Machiavel to school. Can I do this, and cannot get a crown? Tut, were it farther off, I’ll pluck it down.

Ay, Edward will use women honourably. Would he were wasted, marrow, bones, and all, That from his loins no hopeful branch may spring, To cross me from the golden time I look for! And yet, between my soul’s desire and me— The lustful Edward’s title buried— Is Clarence, Henry, and his son young Edward, And all the unlooked-for issue of their bodies, To take their rooms before I can place myself. A cold premeditation for my purpose! Why then I do but dream on sovereignty; Like one that stands upon a promontory And spies a far-off shore where he would tread, Wishing his foot were equal with his eye, And chides the sea that sunders him from from there, Saying he’ll lade it dry to have his way. So do I wish the crown, being so far off, And so I chide the means that keeps me from it; And so I say I’ll cut the causes off, Flattering me with impossibilities. My eye’s too quick, my heart o’erweens too much, Unless my hand and strength could equal them. Well, say there is no kingdom then for Richard, What other pleasure can the world afford? I’ll make my heaven in a lady’s lap, And deck my body in gay ornaments, And ’witch sweet ladies with my words and looks. O miserable thought, and more unlikely Than to accomplish twenty golden crowns. Why, Love forswore me in my mother’s womb, And, for I should not deal in her soft laws, She did corrupt frail Nature with some bribe To shrink mine arm up like a withered shrub; To make an envious mountain on my back, Where sits Deformity to mock my body; To shape my legs of an unequal size; To disproportion me in every part, Like to a chaos, or an unlicked bear-whelp That carries no impression like the dam. And am I then a man to be beloved? O monstrous fault to harbour such a thought! Then, since this earth affords no joy to me But to command, to check, to o’erbear such As are of better person than myself, I’ll make my heaven to dream upon the crown, And, whiles I live, t’ account this world but hell Until my misshaped trunk that bear this head Be round impaled with a glorious crown. And yet I know not how to get the crown, For many lives stand between me and home; And I, like one lost in a thorny wood, That rents the thorns, and is rent with the thorns, Seeking a way, and straying from the way, Not knowing how to find the open air, But toiling desperately to find it out, Torment myself to catch the English crown. And from that torment I will free myself, Or hew my way out with a bloody axe. Why, I can smile, and murder while I smile, And cry “Content!” to that which grieves my heart, And wet my cheeks with artificial tears, And frame my face to all occasions. I’ll drown more sailors than the mermaid shall, I’ll slay more gazers than the basilisk; I’ll play the orator as well as Nestor, Deceive more slyly than Ulysses could, And, like a Sinon, take another Troy. I can add colours to the chameleon, Change shapes with Proteus for advantages, And set the murderous Machiavel to school. Can I do this, and can't get a crown? Tut, were it farther off, I’ll pluck it down.

proof right here how did that even happen

"I can smile, and murder while I smile" The line that defines what Richard will become — and that he is consciously choosing to become. It's not a boast but a diagnosis: he has identified that he can perform innocence while committing violence, and he has decided to use that ability.
"set the murderous Machiavel to school" Machiavelli's name was already a byword for political ruthlessness in Elizabethan England — Richard claims he could teach Machiavelli something.
Why it matters This is the birth of Richard III — the moment the historical figure becomes a theatrical archetype. Richard's soliloquy is the longest and most important speech in the entire Henry VI trilogy: he names his deformity, names his ambition, names his method, and consciously chooses to become a monster.
🎭 Dramatic irony Richard counts the lives between him and the crown — Edward, Clarence, Henry, Henry's son — and the audience who knows history can mentally check them off: by the start of Richard III, Richard will have eliminated or neutralized every single one.
[_Exit._]

The Reckoning

The first half of this scene is almost a comedy — Edward is transparent, George and Richard are merciless, and Lady Grey is brilliant. Then everyone leaves and Richard is alone, and the play transforms. What follows is the most important speech in the entire Henry VI trilogy: Richard naming himself, examining himself, and choosing himself. When he says 'I can smile, and murder while I smile,' he isn't boasting — he's describing a decision he has just made. The audience is left in a room with the birth of Richard III.

If this happened today…

Your company's new CEO is in a glass-walled conference room with a vendor he clearly wants to sleep with, pretending it's a business meeting. His two brothers are watching from the hallway, whispering terrible jokes. The vendor sees what's happening and is completely unimpressed but professionally handles it, eventually turning the tables so thoroughly that the CEO offers her an actual executive position just to keep her talking to him. Then everyone leaves and the youngest brother — the one who's been passed over for everything — stays behind. He pulls out a whiteboard and spends twenty minutes mapping out exactly how many people are between him and the CEO job, and precisely what kind of person he'd have to become to remove them. He's thorough. He's calm. He concludes he can do it.

Continue to 3.3 →