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Act 3, Scene 2 — Bury St. Edmund’s. A Room of State
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The argument Gloucester is dead. The scene opens with murderers fleeing after his death in custody, then shifts to Henry's chamber where the King has called Gloucester to trial. Suffolk arrives to report the death, and Henry collapses from grief. Warwick enters with commons and examines Gloucester's corpse, finding clear evidence of murder (blood in the face, eyes bulging, signs of strangulation). He accuses Suffolk and the Cardinal openly. A violent confrontation erupts, stopped only by the commons outside demanding Suffolk's banishment or death. Henry banishes Suffolk for three days. After Henry exits, Suffolk and Margaret have a final parting scene of extraordinary emotional intensity—he is being exiled, she remains as a prisoner of her own ambition. Suffolk departs, and Margaret is left alone with news that the Cardinal is dying, tormented by his conscience. The scene ends with Margaret's solitary lament.
Enter two or three Murderers running over the stage, from the murder of
Duke Humphrey.
1 MURDERER.
Run to my Lord of Suffolk; let him know
We have dispatched the Duke as he commanded.
2 MURDERER.
O that it were to do! What have we done?
Didst ever hear a man so penitent?
Enter Suffolk.
1 MURDERER.
Here comes my lord.
SUFFOLK ≋ verse SUFFOLK in this moment

Now, sirs, have you dispatched this thing?

1 MURDERER.

Ay, my good lord, he’s dead.

Now, sirs, have you dispatched this thing? 1 MURDERER. Ay, my good lord, he’s dead....

Now, sirs, have you dispatched this thing? 1 MURDERER. Ay, my good lord, he’s dead....

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk's tone is businesslike—this is a transaction being completed. He doesn't mourn; he just confirms the contract has been fulfilled.
SUFFOLK ≋ verse SUFFOLK in this moment

Why, that’s well said. Go, get you to my house;

I will reward you for this venturous deed.

The King and all the peers are here at hand.

Have you laid fair the bed? Is all things well,

According as I gave directions?

1 MURDERER.

’Tis, my good lord.

Why, that’s well said. Go, get you to my house; I will reward you for this venturous deed. The King ...

Why, that’s well said. Go, get you to my house; I will reward you for this venturous deed. The King ...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk is checking that the 'accident' has been staged properly—Gloucester in bed, looking natural, set up to appear like a heart attack or stroke.
SUFFOLK SUFFOLK in this moment

Away, be gone!

Away, be gone!...

Away, be gone!...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk sends the murderers away before the King arrives—no witnesses to the crime.
[_Exeunt Murderers._]
Sound trumpets. Enter the King, the Queen, Cardinal Beaufort, Somerset
with attendants.
KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

Go, call our uncle to our presence straight;

Say we intend to try his grace today

If he be guilty, as ’tis published.

Go, call our uncle to our presence straight; Say we intend to try his grace today If he be guilty, a...

Go, call our uncle to our presence straight; Say we intend to try his grace today If he be guilty, a...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Henry has resolved to give Gloucester a trial—a last chance to defend himself. He doesn't know Gloucester is already dead.
SUFFOLK SUFFOLK in this moment

I’ll call him presently, my noble lord.

I’ll call him presently, my noble lord....

I’ll call him presently, my noble lord....

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk goes to report Gloucester's 'death'—which will actually be the announcement of the murder.
[_Exit._]
KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

Lords, take your places; and, I pray you all,

Proceed no straiter ’gainst our uncle Gloucester

Than from true evidence of good esteem

He be approved in practice culpable.

Lords, take your places; and, I pray you all, Proceed no straiter ’gainst our uncle Gloucester Than ...

Lords, take your places; and, I pray you all, Proceed no straiter ’gainst our uncle Gloucester Than ...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Henry is trying to protect Gloucester even now, insisting on proper legal procedure.
QUEEN MARGARET ≋ verse QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

God forbid any malice should prevail

That faultless may condemn a nobleman!

Pray God he may acquit him of suspicion!

God forbid any malice should prevail That faultless may condemn a nobleman! Pray God he may acquit h...

God forbid any malice should prevail That faultless may condemn a nobleman! Pray God he may acquit h...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Margaret's pious prayer for Gloucester is the opposite of her private determination. She's already arranged his death.
KING HENRY KING HENRY in this moment

I thank thee, Meg; these words content me much.

I thank thee, Meg; these words content me much....

I thank thee, Meg; these words content me much....

[core emotion]

Why it matters Henry believes in Margaret's piety. He thinks she truly wants justice.
Enter Suffolk.
How now? Why look’st thou pale? Why tremblest thou?
Where is our uncle? What’s the matter, Suffolk?
SUFFOLK SUFFOLK in this moment

Dead in his bed, my lord; Gloucester is dead.

Dead in his bed, my lord; Gloucester is dead....

Dead in his bed, my lord; Gloucester is dead....

[core emotion]

Why it matters This line—the announcement of Gloucester's death—is the play's pivot point. Everything after this flows from it.
QUEEN MARGARET QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

Marry, God forfend!

Marry, God forfend!...

Marry, God forfend!...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Margaret's exclamation is perfectly calibrated—shocked but not grieving.
CARDINAL ≋ verse CARDINAL in this moment

God’s secret judgment! I did dream tonight

The Duke was dumb and could not speak a word.

God’s secret judgment! I did dream tonight The Duke was dumb and could not speak a word....

God’s secret judgment! I did dream tonight The Duke was dumb and could not speak a word....

[core emotion]

Why it matters The Cardinal's dream is a confession disguised as prophecy. The Duke couldn't speak because his throat was crushed in the murder.
[_The King swoons._]
QUEEN MARGARET QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

How fares my lord? Help, lords! the King is dead.

How fares my lord? Help, lords! the King is dead....

How fares my lord? Help, lords! the King is dead....

[core emotion]

Why it matters Margaret's cry for help is immediate and practical—but also performative. She's showing concern while being perfectly calm.
SOMERSET SOMERSET in this moment

Rear up his body; wring him by the nose.

Rear up his body; wring him by the nose....

Rear up his body; wring him by the nose....

[core emotion]

Why it matters Somerset's practical remedy is physical and crude—reflecting the crude reality of what's just happened.
QUEEN MARGARET QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

Run, go, help, help! O Henry, ope thine eyes!

Run, go, help, help! O Henry, ope thine eyes!...

Run, go, help, help! O Henry, ope thine eyes!...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Margaret's desperation is authentic—Henry's collapse is a genuine crisis, though one she caused.
SUFFOLK SUFFOLK in this moment

He doth revive again. Madam, be patient.

He doth revive again. Madam, be patient....

He doth revive again. Madam, be patient....

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk's calm suggests this is all routine tragedy, not the result of his murder.
KING HENRY KING HENRY in this moment

O heavenly God!

O heavenly God!...

O heavenly God!...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Henry wakes to the reality of Gloucester's death.
QUEEN MARGARET QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

How fares my gracious lord?

How fares my gracious lord?...

How fares my gracious lord?...

[core emotion]

SUFFOLK SUFFOLK in this moment

Comfort, my sovereign! Gracious Henry, comfort!

Comfort, my sovereign! Gracious Henry, comfort!...

Comfort, my sovereign! Gracious Henry, comfort!...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk is the last person who should be comforting Henry—he just arranged Henry's uncle's murder.
KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

What, doth my Lord of Suffolk comfort me?

Came he right now to sing a raven’s note,

Whose dismal tune bereft my vital powers,

And thinks he that the chirping of a wren,

By crying comfort from a hollow breast,

Can chase away the first-conceived sound?

Hide not thy poison with such sugared words;

Lay not thy hands on me. Forbear, I say!

Their touch affrights me as a serpent’s sting.

Thou baleful messenger, out of my sight!

Upon thy eyeballs murderous tyranny

Sits in grim majesty to fright the world.

Look not upon me, for thine eyes are wounding.

Yet do not go away; come, basilisk,

And kill the innocent gazer with thy sight.

For in the shade of death I shall find joy,

In life but double death, now Gloucester’s dead.

What, doth my Lord of Suffolk comfort me? Came he right now to sing a raven’s note, Whose dismal tun...

What, doth my Lord of Suffolk comfort me? Came he right now to sing a raven’s note, Whose dismal tun...

[core emotion]

"Came he right now to sing a raven's note" The raven is a bird of death and ill omen. Suffolk's announcement killed something in Henry.
"Come, basilisk, / And kill the innocent gazer with thy sight" The basilisk's gaze was believed to be fatal. Henry wishes Suffolk's eyes would kill him.
Why it matters This is Henry's breakdown. His accusation of Suffolk is accurate—Suffolk is a murderer—but Henry doesn't yet have evidence. He knows it only through intuition. And in his grief, he refuses Suffolk's comfort, showing that his conscience knows the truth even if his intellect hasn't caught up.
QUEEN MARGARET ≋ verse QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

Why do you rate my Lord of Suffolk thus?

Although the Duke was enemy to him,

Yet he most Christian-like laments his death.

And for myself, foe as he was to me,

Might liquid tears or heart-offending groans

Or blood-consuming sighs recall his life,

I would be blind with weeping, sick with groans,

Look pale as primrose with blood-drinking sighs,

And all to have the noble Duke alive.

What know I how the world may deem of me?

For it is known we were but hollow friends.

It may be judged I made the Duke away;

So shall my name with slander’s tongue be wounded

And princes’ courts be filled with my reproach.

This get I by his death. Ay me, unhappy!

To be a queen, and crowned with infamy!

Why do you rate my Lord of Suffolk thus? Although the Duke was enemy to him, Yet he most Christian-l...

Why do you rate my Lord of Suffolk thus? Although the Duke was enemy to him, Yet he most Christian-l...

[core emotion]

"It may be judged I made the Duke away" Margaret voices the exact truth: she did make Gloucester die. But she denies the judgment.
"To be a queen, and crowned with infamy!" Margaret sees immediately that her victory is poisoned. Murdering Gloucester has ruined her.
Why it matters Margaret's defense of Suffolk (and herself) is a masterpiece of victim-performance. She's actually guilty, but she positions herself as someone whose reputation is being unfairly destroyed. She's offering tears and emotional manipulation instead of acknowledging what she actually did.
KING HENRY KING HENRY in this moment

Ah, woe is me for Gloucester, wretched man!

Ah, woe is me for Gloucester, wretched man!...

Ah, woe is me for Gloucester, wretched man!...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Henry's brief lament shows how completely he's broken—reduced to simple statements of grief.
QUEEN MARGARET ≋ verse QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

Be woe for me, more wretched than he is.

What, dost thou turn away and hide thy face?

I am no loathsome leper. Look on me.

What, art thou, like the adder, waxen deaf?

Be poisonous too and kill thy forlorn Queen.

Is all thy comfort shut in Gloucester’s tomb?

Why, then, Dame Margaret was ne’er thy joy.

Erect his statue and worship it,

And make my image but an alehouse sign.

Was I for this nigh wracked upon the sea

And twice by awkward wind from England’s bank

Drove back again unto my native clime?

What boded this, but well forewarning wind

Did seem to say “Seek not a scorpion’s nest,

Nor set no footing on this unkind shore?”

What did I then, but cursed the gentle gusts

And he that loosed them forth their brazen caves

And bid them blow towards England’s blessed shore

Or turn our stern upon a dreadful rock?

Yet Aeolus would not be a murderer,

But left that hateful office unto thee.

The pretty-vaulting sea refused to drown me,

Knowing that thou wouldst have me drowned on shore

With tears as salt as sea, through thy unkindness.

The splitting rocks cowered in the sinking sands

And would not dash me with their ragged sides,

Because thy flinty heart, more hard than they,

Might in thy palace perish Margaret.

As far as I could ken thy chalky cliffs,

When from thy shore the tempest beat us back,

I stood upon the hatches in the storm,

And when the dusky sky began to rob

My earnest-gaping sight of thy land’s view,

I took a costly jewel from my neck—

A heart it was, bound in with diamonds—

And threw it towards thy land. The sea received it,

And so I wished thy body might my heart.

And even with this I lost fair England’s view,

And bid mine eyes be packing with my heart,

And called them blind and dusky spectacles,

For losing ken of Albion’s wished coast.

How often have I tempted Suffolk’s tongue,

The agent of thy foul inconstancy,

To sit and witch me, as Ascanius did

When he to madding Dido would unfold

His father’s acts commenced in burning Troy!

Am I not witched like her? Or thou not false like him?

Ay me, I can no more! Die, Margaret,

For Henry weeps that thou dost live so long.

Be woe for me, more wretched than he is. What, dost thou turn away and hide thy face? I am no loaths...

Be woe for me, more wretched than he is. What, dost thou turn away and hide thy face? I am no loaths...

[core emotion]

"To sit and witch me, as Ascanius did" Ascanius was the son of Aeneas; he was said to be sent by Venus to seduce Dido through supernatural charm. Margaret casts Suffolk as the instrument of her seduction.
"Am I not witched like her? Or thou not false like him?" Margaret asks: Am I not bewitched (charmed, seduced)? Aren't you false (like Aeneas to Dido)? The parallel is exact.
Why it matters This speech is Margaret at her most powerful and vulnerable. She's been destroyed by her own ambition—her scheme to remove Gloucester has backfired catastrophically. Now she's watching Henry's love for the dead Gloucester eclipse any love he ever had for her. She's made the political calculation that seemed so necessary, and it's destroyed her. This is not Margaret the schemer—this is Margaret the woman, broken by consequences.
Noise within. Enter Warwick, Salisbury and many Commons.
WARWICK ≋ verse WARWICK in this moment

It is reported, mighty sovereign,

That good Duke Humphrey traitorously is murdered

By Suffolk and the Cardinal Beaufort’s means.

The commons, like an angry hive of bees

That want their leader, scatter up and down

And care not who they sting in his revenge.

Myself have calmed their spleenful mutiny,

Until they hear the order of his death.

It is reported, mighty sovereign, That good Duke Humphrey traitorously is murdered By Suffolk and th...

It is reported, mighty sovereign, That good Duke Humphrey traitorously is murdered By Suffolk and th...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Warwick is naming the truth publicly: Gloucester has been murdered. The commons know it. The secret is out.
KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

That he is dead, good Warwick, ’tis too true;

But how he died God knows, not Henry.

That he is dead, good Warwick, ’tis too true; But how he died God knows, not Henry....

That he is dead, good Warwick, ’tis too true; But how he died God knows, not Henry....

[core emotion]

Why it matters Henry admits he doesn't know—or refuses to know—the truth. He's in denial about the murder his own courtiers arranged.
Enter his chamber, view his breathless corpse,
And comment then upon his sudden death.
WARWICK ≋ verse WARWICK in this moment

That shall I do, my liege.—Stay, Salisbury,

With the rude multitude till I return.

That shall I do, my liege.—Stay, Salisbury, With the rude multitude till I return....

That shall I do, my liege.—Stay, Salisbury, With the rude multitude till I return....

[core emotion]

Why it matters Warwick departs to examine Gloucester's corpse—the evidence of murder.
[_Warwick exits through one door; Salisbury and Commons exit through
another._]
KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

O Thou that judgest all things, stay my thoughts,

My thoughts that labour to persuade my soul

Some violent hands were laid on Humphrey’s life.

If my suspect be false, forgive me, God,

For judgment only doth belong to Thee.

Fain would I go to chafe his paly lips

With twenty thousand kisses, and to drain

Upon his face an ocean of salt tears,

To tell my love unto his dumb deaf trunk,

And with my fingers feel his hand unfeeling;

But all in vain are these mean obsequies.

And to survey his dead and earthy image,

What were it but to make my sorrow greater?

O Thou that judgest all things, stay my thoughts, My thoughts that labour to persuade my soul Some v...

O Thou that judgest all things, stay my thoughts, My thoughts that labour to persuade my soul Some v...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Henry is confessing his suspicion—he believes Gloucester was murdered, but he's refusing to act on that belief.
Enter Warwick and others, bearing Gloucester’s body on a bed.
WARWICK WARWICK in this moment

Come hither, gracious sovereign, view this body.

Come hither, gracious sovereign, view this body....

Come hither, gracious sovereign, view this body....

[core emotion]

Why it matters Warwick is forcing Henry to confront the corpse—to see the truth.
KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

That is to see how deep my grave is made,

For with his soul fled all my worldly solace;

For seeing him, I see my life in death.

That is to see how deep my grave is made, For with his soul fled all my worldly solace; For seeing h...

That is to see how deep my grave is made, For with his soul fled all my worldly solace; For seeing h...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Henry understands that Gloucester's death is his own political death. Without Gloucester, he is alone and powerless.
WARWICK ≋ verse WARWICK in this moment

As surely as my soul intends to live

With that dread King that took our state upon Him

To free us from His Father’s wrathful curse,

I do believe that violent hands were laid

Upon the life of this thrice-famed duke.

As surely as my soul intends to live With that dread King that took our state upon Him To free us fr...

As surely as my soul intends to live With that dread King that took our state upon Him To free us fr...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Warwick swears an oath on his very salvation—he's absolutely certain of the murder.
SUFFOLK ≋ verse SUFFOLK in this moment

A dreadful oath, sworn with a solemn tongue!

What instance gives Lord Warwick for his vow?

A dreadful oath, sworn with a solemn tongue! What instance gives Lord Warwick for his vow?...

A dreadful oath, sworn with a solemn tongue! What instance gives Lord Warwick for his vow?...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk challenges Warwick—he thinks he can talk his way out of this.
WARWICK ≋ verse WARWICK in this moment

See how the blood is settled in his face.

Oft have I seen a timely-parted ghost,

Of ashy semblance, meagre, pale, and bloodless,

Being all descended to the labouring heart,

Who, in the conflict that it holds with death,

Attracts the same for aidance ’gainst the enemy,

Which with the heart there cools and ne’er returneth

To blush and beautify the cheek again.

But see, his face is black and full of blood,

His eyeballs further out than when he lived,

Staring full ghastly like a strangled man;

His hair upreared, his nostrils stretched with struggling,

His hands abroad displayed, as one that grasped

And tugged for life and was by strength subdued.

Look, on the sheets his hair, you see, is sticking;

His well-proportioned beard made rough and rugged,

Like to the summer’s corn by tempest lodged.

It cannot be but he was murdered here;

The least of all these signs were probable.

See how the blood is settled in his face. Oft have I seen a timely-parted ghost, Of ashy semblance, ...

See how the blood is settled in his face. Oft have I seen a timely-parted ghost, Of ashy semblance, ...

[core emotion]

"See how the blood is settled in his face" Warwick is conducting a detailed autopsy, showing that Gloucester's death was not natural but violent—the blood pattern indicates strangulation, not disease.
Why it matters This is the play's most graphic moment. Warwick's description of Gloucester's corpse is detailed and forensic—and absolutely accurate. He's proving the murder through the physical evidence of the body. The signs are unmistakable: Gloucester was strangled. Suffolk and the Cardinal cannot deny the evidence written on Gloucester's corpse.
SUFFOLK ≋ verse SUFFOLK in this moment

Why, Warwick, who should do the Duke to death?

Myself and Beaufort had him in protection,

And we, I hope, sir, are no murderers.

Why, Warwick, who should do the Duke to death? Myself and Beaufort had him in protection, And we, I ...

Why, Warwick, who should do the Duke to death? Myself and Beaufort had him in protection, And we, I ...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk's defense is laughable—Warwick has just provided irrefutable evidence that a murder occurred in the place where Suffolk and Beaufort held Gloucester.
WARWICK ≋ verse WARWICK in this moment

But both of you were vowed Duke Humphrey’s foes,

And you, forsooth, had the good Duke to keep.

’Tis like you would not feast him like a friend,

And ’tis well seen he found an enemy.

But both of you were vowed Duke Humphrey’s foes, And you, forsooth, had the good Duke to keep. ’Tis ...

But both of you were vowed Duke Humphrey’s foes, And you, forsooth, had the good Duke to keep. ’Tis ...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Warwick is building an irrefutable case: motive (enemies), opportunity (held him in custody), and evidence (the body).
QUEEN MARGARET ≋ verse QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

Then you, belike, suspect these noblemen

As guilty of Duke Humphrey’s timeless death.

Then you, belike, suspect these noblemen As guilty of Duke Humphrey’s timeless death....

Then you, belike, suspect these noblemen As guilty of Duke Humphrey’s timeless death....

[core emotion]

Why it matters Margaret is trying to turn the tables—suggesting that Warwick is making wild accusations without proof.
WARWICK ≋ verse WARWICK in this moment

Who finds the heifer dead and bleeding fresh

And sees fast by a butcher with an axe,

But will suspect ’twas he that made the slaughter?

Who finds the partridge in the puttock’s nest

But may imagine how the bird was dead,

Although the kite soar with unbloodied beak?

Even so suspicious is this tragedy.

Who finds the heifer dead and bleeding fresh And sees fast by a butcher with an axe, But will suspec...

Who finds the heifer dead and bleeding fresh And sees fast by a butcher with an axe, But will suspec...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Warwick's metaphor is perfect: the evidence is circumstantial but conclusive. Gloucester (the dead bird) is in the custody of those who hated him (the hawk), and he's dead (freshly killed). The conclusion is inescapable.
QUEEN MARGARET ≋ verse QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

Are you the butcher, Suffolk? Where’s your knife?

Is Beaufort termed a kite? Where are his talons?

Are you the butcher, Suffolk? Where’s your knife? Is Beaufort termed a kite? Where are his talons?...

Are you the butcher, Suffolk? Where’s your knife? Is Beaufort termed a kite? Where are his talons?...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Margaret is challenging Warwick's logic—if they're murderers, where's their evidence? She's trying to muddy the waters with literal-minded objections.
SUFFOLK ≋ verse SUFFOLK in this moment

I wear no knife to slaughter sleeping men,

But here’s a vengeful sword, rusted with ease,

That shall be scoured in his rancorous heart

That slanders me with murder’s crimson badge.

Say, if thou dar’st, proud Lord of Warwickshire,

That I am faulty in Duke Humphrey’s death.

I wear no knife to slaughter sleeping men, But here’s a vengeful sword, rusted with ease, That shall...

I wear no knife to slaughter sleeping men, But here’s a vengeful sword, rusted with ease, That shall...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk's defense has shifted from denial to threat—he's now implicitly admitting his guilt while daring Warwick to prove it.
[_Exeunt Cardinal, Somerset and others._]
WARWICK WARWICK in this moment

What dares not Warwick, if false Suffolk dare him?

What dares not Warwick, if false Suffolk dare him?...

What dares not Warwick, if false Suffolk dare him?...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Warwick is willing to fight Suffolk—the confrontation is escalating toward violence.
QUEEN MARGARET ≋ verse QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

He dares not calm his contumelious spirit,

Nor cease to be an arrogant controller,

Though Suffolk dare him twenty thousand times.

He dares not calm his contumelious spirit, Nor cease to be an arrogant controller, Though Suffolk da...

He dares not calm his contumelious spirit, Nor cease to be an arrogant controller, Though Suffolk da...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Margaret is defending Suffolk, trying to prevent the fight.
WARWICK ≋ verse WARWICK in this moment

Madam, be still, with reverence may I say;

For every word you speak in his behalf

Is slander to your royal dignity.

Madam, be still, with reverence may I say; For every word you speak in his behalf Is slander to your...

Madam, be still, with reverence may I say; For every word you speak in his behalf Is slander to your...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Warwick is suggesting that Margaret's defense of Suffolk is itself evidence of her complicity—a queen wouldn't defend a murderer.
SUFFOLK ≋ verse SUFFOLK in this moment

Blunt-witted lord, ignoble in demeanour!

If ever lady wronged her lord so much,

Thy mother took into her blameful bed

Some stern untutored churl, and noble stock

Was graft with crab-tree slip, whose fruit thou art,

And never of the Nevilles’ noble race.

Blunt-witted lord, ignoble in demeanour! If ever lady wronged her lord so much, Thy mother took into...

Blunt-witted lord, ignoble in demeanour! If ever lady wronged her lord so much, Thy mother took into...

[core emotion]

"Thy mother took into her blameful bed / Some stern untutored churl" Suffolk is suggesting Warwick is a bastard—born of an unfaithful wife to a peasant, not a nobleman.
Why it matters Suffolk's counter-insult is vicious but brilliant: he's suggesting that Margaret's defense of him is proof that she's a traitor, and then he's turning on Warwick's legitimacy. The fight is about to escalate into genuine violence.
WARWICK ≋ verse WARWICK in this moment

But that the guilt of murder bucklers thee

And I should rob the deathsman of his fee,

Quitting thee thereby of ten thousand shames,

And that my sovereign’s presence makes me mild,

I would, false murderous coward, on thy knee

Make thee beg pardon for thy passed speech

And say it was thy mother that thou meant’st,

That thou thyself wast born in bastardy;

And after all this fearful homage done,

Give thee thy hire and send thy soul to hell,

Pernicious blood-sucker of sleeping men!

But that the guilt of murder bucklers thee And I should rob the deathsman of his fee, Quitting thee ...

But that the guilt of murder bucklers thee And I should rob the deathsman of his fee, Quitting thee ...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Warwick is expressing his absolute conviction that Suffolk is a murderer—and that killing him would be justice, not crime. The fight is being stopped only by the King's presence.
SUFFOLK ≋ verse SUFFOLK in this moment

Thou shalt be waking while I shed thy blood,

If from this presence thou dar’st go with me.

Thou shalt be waking while I shed thy blood, If from this presence thou dar’st go with me....

Thou shalt be waking while I shed thy blood, If from this presence thou dar’st go with me....

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk is now openly challenging Warwick to single combat outside the King's presence.
WARWICK ≋ verse WARWICK in this moment

Away even now, or I will drag thee hence.

Unworthy though thou art, I’ll cope with thee

And do some service to Duke Humphrey’s ghost.

Away even now, or I will drag thee hence. Unworthy though thou art, I’ll cope with thee And do some ...

Away even now, or I will drag thee hence. Unworthy though thou art, I’ll cope with thee And do some ...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Warwick is accepting the challenge—he's ready to kill Suffolk.
[_Exeunt Suffolk and Warwick._]
KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

What stronger breastplate than a heart untainted?

Thrice is he armed that hath his quarrel just,

And he but naked, though locked up in steel,

Whose conscience with injustice is corrupted.

What stronger breastplate than a heart untainted? Thrice is he armed that hath his quarrel just, And...

What stronger breastplate than a heart untainted? Thrice is he armed that hath his quarrel just, And...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Henry's observation is true but helpless—he's reflecting on the nature of guilt while the murder his own courtiers committed is being avenged.
[_A noise within._]
QUEEN MARGARET QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

What noise is this?

What noise is this?...

What noise is this?...

[core emotion]

Enter Suffolk and Warwick with their weapons drawn.
KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

Why, how now, lords? Your wrathful weapons drawn

Here in our presence? Dare you be so bold?

Why, what tumultuous clamour have we here?

Why, how now, lords? Your wrathful weapons drawn Here in our presence? Dare you be so bold? Why, wha...

Why, how now, lords? Your wrathful weapons drawn Here in our presence? Dare you be so bold? Why, wha...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Henry is powerless even to prevent violence in his own chamber—his authority is completely gone.
SUFFOLK ≋ verse SUFFOLK in this moment

The traitorous Warwick with the men of Bury

Set all upon me, mighty sovereign.

The traitorous Warwick with the men of Bury Set all upon me, mighty sovereign....

The traitorous Warwick with the men of Bury Set all upon me, mighty sovereign....

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk is blaming Warwick—trying to make himself the victim.
Enter Salisbury.
[_To the Commons, entering_.]
SALISBURY ≋ verse SALISBURY in this moment

Sirs, stand apart; the King shall know your mind.—

Dread lord, the commons send you word by me,

Unless Lord Suffolk straight be done to death,

Or banished fair England’s territories,

They will by violence tear him from your palace

And torture him with grievous lingering death.

They say, by him the good Duke Humphrey died;

They say, in him they fear your highness’ death;

And mere instinct of love and loyalty,

Free from a stubborn opposite intent,

As being thought to contradict your liking,

Makes them thus forward in his banishment.

They say, in care of your most royal person,

That if your highness should intend to sleep

And charge that no man should disturb your rest,

In pain of your dislike or pain of death,

Yet, notwithstanding such a strait edict,

Were there a serpent seen, with forked tongue,

That slyly glided towards your majesty,

It were but necessary you were waked,

Lest, being suffered in that harmful slumber,

The mortal worm might make the sleep eternal.

And therefore do they cry, though you forbid,

That they will guard you, whe’er you will or no,

From such fell serpents as false Suffolk is,

With whose envenomed and fatal sting

Your loving uncle, twenty times his worth,

They say, is shamefully bereft of life.

Sirs, stand apart; the King shall know your mind.— Dread lord, the commons send you word by me, Unle...

Sirs, stand apart; the King shall know your mind.— Dread lord, the commons send you word by me, Unle...

[core emotion]

"That if your highness should intend to sleep / And charge that no man should disturb your rest" Salisbury is using the metaphor of a sleeping king vulnerable to a serpent—Suffolk is the serpent that will kill Henry while he sleeps.
Why it matters Salisbury is speaking for the commons—and his message is clear: either Henry banishes Suffolk or the people will kill him themselves. Henry's authority has been completely superseded by popular will. The commons are now in control.
[_Within_.] An answer from the King, my Lord of Salisbury!
SUFFOLK ≋ verse SUFFOLK in this moment

’Tis like the commons, rude unpolished hinds,

Could send such message to their sovereign.

But you, my lord, were glad to be employed,

To show how quaint an orator you are.

But all the honour Salisbury hath won

Is that he was the lord ambassador

Sent from a sort of tinkers to the King.

’Tis like the commons, rude unpolished hinds, Could send such message to their sovereign. But you, m...

’Tis like the commons, rude unpolished hinds, Could send such message to their sovereign. But you, m...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk is trying to discredit Salisbury—to make the commons' demands seem illegitimate. But it won't work: the commons have power now.
[_Within_.] An answer from the King, or we will all break in!
KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

Go, Salisbury, and tell them all from me,

I thank them for their tender loving care;

And had I not been cited so by them,

Yet did I purpose as they do entreat.

For, sure, my thoughts do hourly prophesy

Mischance unto my state by Suffolk’s means.

And therefore, by His majesty I swear,

Whose far unworthy deputy I am,

He shall not breathe infection in this air

But three days longer, on the pain of death.

Go, Salisbury, and tell them all from me, I thank them for their tender loving care; And had I not b...

Go, Salisbury, and tell them all from me, I thank them for their tender loving care; And had I not b...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Henry capitulates to the commons. He has no choice—the popular will has superseded royal authority. Suffolk is exiled.
[_Exit Salisbury._]
QUEEN MARGARET QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

O Henry, let me plead for gentle Suffolk!

O Henry, let me plead for gentle Suffolk!...

O Henry, let me plead for gentle Suffolk!...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Margaret is begging Henry to reconsider—Suffolk is being taken from her.
KING HENRY ≋ verse KING HENRY in this moment

Ungentle Queen, to call him gentle Suffolk!

No more, I say; if thou dost plead for him,

Thou wilt but add increase unto my wrath.

Had I but said, I would have kept my word;

But when I swear, it is irrevocable.

If, after three days’ space, thou here be’st found

On any ground that I am ruler of,

The world shall not be ransom for thy life.

Come, Warwick, come, good Warwick, go with me;

I have great matters to impart to thee.

Ungentle Queen, to call him gentle Suffolk! No more, I say; if thou dost plead for him, Thou wilt bu...

Ungentle Queen, to call him gentle Suffolk! No more, I say; if thou dost plead for him, Thou wilt bu...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Henry finally shows authority—but it's directed at Margaret, not at the conspirators. He's exiling both Suffolk and (implicitly) Margaret. The conspiracy is collapsing.
[_Exeunt all but Queen and Suffolk._]
QUEEN MARGARET ≋ verse QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

Mischance and sorrow go along with you!

Heart’s discontent and sour affliction

Be playfellows to keep you company!

There’s two of you; the devil make a third!

And threefold vengeance tend upon your steps!

Mischance and sorrow go along with you! Heart’s discontent and sour affliction Be playfellows to kee...

Mischance and sorrow go along with you! Heart’s discontent and sour affliction Be playfellows to kee...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Margaret's curse is both heartfelt and performative—she's genuinely furious at being separated from Suffolk.
SUFFOLK ≋ verse SUFFOLK in this moment

Cease, gentle Queen, these execrations,

And let thy Suffolk take his heavy leave.

Cease, gentle Queen, these execrations, And let thy Suffolk take his heavy leave....

Cease, gentle Queen, these execrations, And let thy Suffolk take his heavy leave....

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk is trying to leave gracefully, but Margaret won't let him.
QUEEN MARGARET ≋ verse QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

Fie, coward woman and soft-hearted wretch!

Has thou not spirit to curse thine enemies?

Fie, coward woman and soft-hearted wretch! Has thou not spirit to curse thine enemies?...

Fie, coward woman and soft-hearted wretch! Has thou not spirit to curse thine enemies?...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Margaret is attacking Suffolk for his gentleness—she wants him to rage against his fate, not accept it.
SUFFOLK ≋ verse SUFFOLK in this moment

A plague upon them! Wherefore should I curse them?

Could curses kill, as doth the mandrake’s groan,

I would invent as bitter searching terms,

As curst, as harsh and horrible to hear,

Delivered strongly through my fixed teeth,

With full as many signs of deadly hate,

As lean-faced Envy in her loathsome cave.

My tongue should stumble in mine earnest words;

Mine eyes should sparkle like the beaten flint;

Mine hair be fixed on end, as one distract;

Ay, every joint should seem to curse and ban;

And even now my burdened heart would break

Should I not curse them. Poison be their drink!

Gall, worse than gall, the daintiest that they taste!

Their sweetest shade a grove of cypress-trees!

Their chiefest prospect murdering basilisks;

Their softest touch as smart as lizards’ stings!

Their music frightful as the serpent’s hiss,

And boding screech-owls make the consort full!

All the foul terrors in dark-seated hell—

A plague upon them! Wherefore should I curse them? Could curses kill, as doth the mandrake’s groan, ...

A plague upon them! Wherefore should I curse them? Could curses kill, as doth the mandrake’s groan, ...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk explodes into a magnificent curse—a long, elaborate vilification of his enemies. It's the most violent emotional expression in the scene, and it comes from Suffolk, not Margaret. He's finally breaking under the weight of his own guilt and the reality of his exile.
QUEEN MARGARET ≋ verse QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

Enough, sweet Suffolk; thou torment’st thyself,

And these dread curses, like the sun ’gainst glass,

Or like an overcharged gun, recoil

And turns the force of them upon thyself.

Enough, sweet Suffolk; thou torment’st thyself, And these dread curses, like the sun ’gainst glass, ...

Enough, sweet Suffolk; thou torment’st thyself, And these dread curses, like the sun ’gainst glass, ...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Margaret gently stops Suffolk's cursing—she's showing tenderness now, not anger.
SUFFOLK ≋ verse SUFFOLK in this moment

You bade me ban, and will you bid me leave?

Now, by the ground that I am banished from,

Well could I curse away a winter’s night,

Though standing naked on a mountain top

Where biting cold would never let grass grow,

And think it but a minute spent in sport.

You bade me ban, and will you bid me leave? Now, by the ground that I am banished from, Well could I...

You bade me ban, and will you bid me leave? Now, by the ground that I am banished from, Well could I...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk is expressing his agony through defiance—the pain of separation is so great that he wants to punish himself by cursing in bitter cold.
QUEEN MARGARET ≋ verse QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

O, let me entreat thee cease. Give me thy hand,

That I may dew it with my mournful tears;

Nor let the rain of heaven wet this place

To wash away my woeful monuments.

O, could this kiss be printed in thy hand,

That thou mightst think upon these by the seal,

Through whom a thousand sighs are breathed for thee!

So, get thee gone, that I may know my grief;

’Tis but surmised whiles thou art standing by,

As one that surfeits thinking on a want.

I will repeal thee, or, be well assured,

Adventure to be banished myself;

And banished I am, if but from thee.

Go; speak not to me, even now be gone!

O, go not yet! Even thus two friends condemned

Embrace and kiss and take ten thousand leaves,

Loather a hundred times to part than die.

Yet now farewell, and farewell life with thee.

O, let me entreat thee cease. Give me thy hand, That I may dew it with my mournful tears; Nor let th...

O, let me entreat thee cease. Give me thy hand, That I may dew it with my mournful tears; Nor let th...

[core emotion]

Why it matters This is one of Shakespeare's great love scenes—not passionate but devastated. Margaret and Suffolk are saying goodbye knowing they may never meet again, separated by the consequences of their own ambitions.
SUFFOLK ≋ verse SUFFOLK in this moment

Thus is poor Suffolk ten times banished,

Once by the King, and three times thrice by thee.

’Tis not the land I care for, wert thou thence.

A wilderness is populous enough,

So Suffolk had thy heavenly company;

For where thou art, there is the world itself,

With every several pleasure in the world;

And where thou art not, desolation.

I can no more. Live thou to joy thy life,

Myself no joy in nought but that thou liv’st.

Thus is poor Suffolk ten times banished, Once by the King, and three times thrice by thee. ’Tis not ...

Thus is poor Suffolk ten times banished, Once by the King, and three times thrice by thee. ’Tis not ...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk's response transforms exile into a love declaration—Margaret is his world. Banishment means nothing as long as she exists.
Enter Vaux.
QUEEN MARGARET QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

Whither goes Vaux so fast? What news, I prithee?

Whither goes Vaux so fast? What news, I prithee?...

Whither goes Vaux so fast? What news, I prithee?...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Margaret senses more disaster coming.
VAUX ≋ verse VAUX in this moment

To signify unto his majesty

That Cardinal Beaufort is at point of death;

For suddenly a grievous sickness took him,

That makes him gasp and stare and catch the air,

Blaspheming God and cursing men on earth.

Sometime he talks as if Duke Humphrey’s ghost

Were by his side; sometime he calls the King

And whispers to his pillow, as to him,

The secrets of his overcharged soul.

And I am sent to tell his majesty

That even now he cries aloud for him.

To signify unto his majesty That Cardinal Beaufort is at point of death; For suddenly a grievous sic...

To signify unto his majesty That Cardinal Beaufort is at point of death; For suddenly a grievous sic...

[core emotion]

Why it matters The Cardinal is dying, tormented by guilt—the conscience he tried to suppress is destroying him as he dies.
QUEEN MARGARET QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

Go tell this heavy message to the King.

Go tell this heavy message to the King....

Go tell this heavy message to the King....

[core emotion]

[_Exit Vaux._]
Ay me! What is this world? What news are these!
But wherefore grieve I at an hour’s poor loss,
Omitting Suffolk’s exile, my soul’s treasure?
Why only, Suffolk, mourn I not for thee,
And with the southern clouds contend in tears,
Theirs for the earth’s increase, mine for my sorrows’?
Now get thee hence. The King, thou know’st, is coming;
If thou be found by me thou art but dead.
SUFFOLK ≋ verse SUFFOLK in this moment

If I depart from thee, I cannot live;

And in thy sight to die, what were it else

But like a pleasant slumber in thy lap?

Here could I breathe my soul into the air,

As mild and gentle as the cradle-babe

Dying with mother’s dug between its lips;

Where, from thy sight, I should be raging mad

And cry out for thee to close up mine eyes,

To have thee with thy lips to stop my mouth.

So shouldst thou either turn my flying soul,

Or I should breathe it so into thy body,

And then it lived in sweet Elysium.

To die by thee were but to die in jest;

From thee to die were torture more than death.

O, let me stay, befall what may befall!

If I depart from thee, I cannot live; And in thy sight to die, what were it else But like a pleasant...

If I depart from thee, I cannot live; And in thy sight to die, what were it else But like a pleasant...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk's final speech is his most naked—a complete breakdown of his emotional barriers. He's expressing that life without Margaret is meaningless.
QUEEN MARGARET ≋ verse QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

Away! Though parting be a fretful corrosive,

It is applied to a deathful wound.

To France, sweet Suffolk! Let me hear from thee,

For whereso’er thou art in this world’s globe

I’ll have an Iris that shall find thee out.

Away! Though parting be a fretful corrosive, It is applied to a deathful wound. To France, sweet Suf...

Away! Though parting be a fretful corrosive, It is applied to a deathful wound. To France, sweet Suf...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Margaret is forcing Suffolk to go—the cruelty of mercy. She can't save him by keeping him; she can only save him by sending him away.
SUFFOLK SUFFOLK in this moment

I go.

I go....

I go....

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk accepts the final separation in two words—all passion spent.
QUEEN MARGARET QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

And take my heart with thee.

And take my heart with thee....

And take my heart with thee....

[core emotion]

Why it matters Margaret's final line to Suffolk—she's giving him everything that remains of her.
SUFFOLK ≋ verse SUFFOLK in this moment

A jewel, locked into the woefull’st cask

That ever did contain a thing of worth.

Even as a splitted bark, so sunder we.

This way fall I to death.

A jewel, locked into the woefull’st cask That ever did contain a thing of worth. Even as a splitted ...

A jewel, locked into the woefull’st cask That ever did contain a thing of worth. Even as a splitted ...

[core emotion]

Why it matters Suffolk's final line uses the metaphor of a splitting ship—the two of them are separating like a broken vessel.
QUEEN MARGARET QUEEN MARGARET in this moment

This way for me.

This way for me....

This way for me....

[core emotion]

Why it matters Margaret's response mirrors Suffolk's—she too is falling to death, staying behind while he leaves.
[_Exeunt severally._]

The Reckoning

This is Shakespeare's most powerful scene about the immediate consequences of political murder. Gloucester's death is not a satisfaction but a catastrophe. It breaks Henry's will to govern, brings down the commons' fury on the conspirators, and begins the unraveling of the faction itself. The entire enterprise of murdering Gloucester—which was supposed to stabilize the regime—instead destabilizes it completely. Meanwhile, Margaret and Suffolk's parting is Shakespeare's most sophisticated love scene: two people completely entangled in a love that is destroying them both.

If this happened today…

Imagine a government's strongman is arrested by rivals, then dies in custody. The death breaks the president's will to govern. An investigation finds clear evidence of murder. The commons demand justice. The minister responsible is forced to flee. The lover of the architect of the coup stands alone, watching her co-conspirators destroyed, unable to go after them.

Continue to 3.3 →