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Act 3, Scene 1 — France. Before Harfleur.
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The argument The Chorus describes the fleet crossing to France; Henry delivers his battle cry at the walls of Harfleur, rallying his soldiers to the breach.
CHORUS ≋ verse

Thus with imagin’d wing our swift scene flies,

In motion of no less celerity

Than that of thought. Suppose that you have seen

The well-appointed king at Hampton pier

Embark his royalty, and his brave fleet

With silken streamers the young Phoebus fanning.

Play with your fancies; and in them behold

Upon the hempen tackle ship-boys climbing;

Hear the shrill whistle which doth order give

To sounds confus’d; behold the threaden sails,

Borne with the invisible and creeping wind,

Draw the huge bottoms through the furrow’d sea,

Breasting the lofty surge. O, do but think

You stand upon the rivage and behold

A city on the inconstant billows dancing;

For so appears this fleet majestical,

Holding due course to Harfleur. Follow, follow!

Grapple your minds to sternage of this navy,

And leave your England, as dead midnight still,

Guarded with grandsires, babies, and old women,

Either past or not arriv’d to pith and puissance.

For who is he, whose chin is but enrich’d

With one appearing hair, that will not follow

These cull’d and choice-drawn cavaliers to France?

Work, work your thoughts, and therein see a siege;

Behold the ordnance on their carriages,

With fatal mouths gaping on girded Harfleur.

Suppose the ambassador from the French comes back,

Tells Harry that the King doth offer him

Katharine his daughter, and with her, to dowry,

Some petty and unprofitable dukedoms.

The offer likes not; and the nimble gunner

With linstock now the devilish cannon touches,

And down goes all before them. Still be kind,

And eke out our performance with your mind.

Thus with imagin’d wing our swift scene flies, In motion of no less celerity Than that of thought. Suppose that you have seen The well-appointed king at Hampton pier Embark his royalty, and his brave fleet With silken streamers the young Phoebus fanning. Play with your fancies; and in them behold Upon the hempen tackle ship-boys climbing; Hear the shrill whistle which does order give To sounds confus’d; behold the threaden sails, Borne with the invisible and creeping wind, Draw the huge bottoms through the furrow’d sea, Breasting the lofty surge. O, do but think You stand upon the rivage and behold A city on the inconstant billows dancing; For so appears this fleet majestical, Holding due course to Harfleur. Follow, follow! Grapple your minds to sternage of this navy, And leave your England, as dead midnight still, Guarded with grandsires, babies, and old women, Either past or not arriv’d to pith and puissance. For who is he, whose chin is but enrich’d With one appearing hair, that will not follow These cull’d and choice-drawn cavaliers to France? Work, work your thoughts, and therein see a siege; Behold the ordnance on their carriages, With fatal mouths gaping on girded Harfleur. Suppose the ambassador from the French comes back, Tells Harry that the King does offer him Katharine his daughter, and with her, to dowry, Some petty and unprofitable dukedoms. The offer likes not; and the nimble gunner With linstock now the devilish cannon touches, And down goes all before them. Still be kind, And eke out our performance with your mind.

Thus with imagin’d wing our swift scene flies, In motion of no less celerity Than that of thought. Suppose that you have seen The well-appointed king at Hampton pier Embark h's royalty, and h's brave fleet With silken streamers the young Phoebus fanning. Play with your fancies; and in them behold Upon the hempen tackle ship-boys climbing; Hear the shrill wh'stle which does order give To sounds confus’d; behold the threaden sails, Borne with the inv'sible and creeping wind, Draw the huge bottoms through the furrow’d sea, Breasting the lofty surge. O, do but think You stand upon the rivage and behold A city on the inconstant billows dancing; For so appears th's fleet majestical, Holding due course to Harfleur. Follow, follow! Grapple your minds to sternage of th's navy, And leave your England, as dead midnight still, Guarded with grandsires, babies, and old women, Either past or not arriv’d to pith and pu'ssance. For who 's he, whose chin 's but enrich’d With one appearing hair, that will not follow These cull’d and choice-drawn cavaliers to France? Work, work your thoughts, and therein see a siege; Behold the ordnance on their carriages, With fatal mouths gaping on girded Harfleur. Suppose the ambassador from the French comes back, Tells Harry that the King does offer him Katharine h's daughter, and with her, to dowry, Some petty and unprofitable dukedoms. The offer likes not; and the nimble gunner With linstock now the devil'sh cannon touches, And down goes all before them. Still be kind, And eke out our performance with your mind.

thus with imagin’d wing our swift scene flies, in motion of no less celerity tha

"Grapple your minds to sternage of this navy" The Chorus asks the audience to fasten their imaginations to the ships like grappling hooks — one of the most vivid stage directions in all of Shakespeare. The word 'sternage' (the stern, the back of the ship) is used nowhere else in the language.
Why it matters The Chorus's opening is one of the finest sustained passages of imaginative instruction in Shakespeare — it teaches the audience how to watch the play, asking them to be active co-creators rather than passive receivers.
Alarum. Enter King Henry, Exeter, Bedford, Gloucester and Soldiers,
with scaling-ladders.
KING HENRY ≋ verse

Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more,

Or close the wall up with our English dead.

In peace there’s nothing so becomes a man

As modest stillness and humility;

But when the blast of war blows in our ears,

Then imitate the action of the tiger;

Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood,

Disguise fair nature with hard-favour’d rage;

Then lend the eye a terrible aspect;

Let it pry through the portage of the head

Like the brass cannon; let the brow o’erwhelm it

As fearfully as does a galled rock

O’erhang and jutty his confounded base,

Swill’d with the wild and wasteful ocean.

Now set the teeth and stretch the nostril wide,

Hold hard the breath, and bend up every spirit

To his full height. On, on, you noblest English,

Whose blood is fet from fathers of war-proof!

Fathers that, like so many Alexanders,

Have in these parts from morn till even fought,

And sheath’d their swords for lack of argument.

Dishonour not your mothers; now attest

That those whom you call’d fathers did beget you.

Be copy now to men of grosser blood,

And teach them how to war. And you, good yeomen,

Whose limbs were made in England, show us here

The mettle of your pasture; let us swear

That you are worth your breeding, which I doubt not;

For there is none of you so mean and base,

That hath not noble lustre in your eyes.

I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips,

Straining upon the start. The game’s afoot!

Follow your spirit, and upon this charge

Cry, “God for Harry! England and Saint George!”

Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more, Or close the wall up with our English dead. In peace there’s nothing so becomes a man As modest stillness and humility; But when the blast of war blows in our ears, Then imitate the action of the tiger; Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood, Disguise fair nature with hard-favour’d rage; Then lend the eye a terrible aspect; Let it pry through the portage of the head Like the brass cannon; let the brow o’erwhelm it As fearfully as does a galled rock O’erhang and jutty his confounded base, Swill’d with the wild and wasteful ocean. Now set the teeth and stretch the nostril wide, Hold hard the breath, and bend up every spirit To his full height. On, on, you noblest English, Whose blood is fet from fathers of war-proof! Fathers that, like so many Alexanders, Have in these parts from morn till even fought, And sheath’d their swords for lack of argument. Dishonour not your mothers; now attest That those whom you call’d fathers did beget you. Be copy now to men of grosser blood, And teach them how to war. And you, good yeomen, Whose limbs were made in England, show us here The mettle of your pasture; let us swear That you are worth your breeding, which I doubt not; For there is none of you so mean and base, That has not noble lustre in your eyes. I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips, Straining upon the start. The game’s afoot! Follow your spirit, and upon this charge Cry, “God for Harry! England and Saint George!”

Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more, Or close the wall up with our Engl'sh dead. In peace there’s nothing so becomes a man As modest stillness and humility; But when the blast of war blows in our ears, Then imitate the action of the tiger; Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood, D'sgu'se fair nature with hard-favour’d rage; Then lend the eye a terrible aspect; Let it pry through the portage of the head Like the brass cannon; let the brow o’erwhelm it As fearfully as does a galled rock O’erhang and jutty h's confounded base, Swill’d with the wild and wasteful ocean. Now set the teeth and stretch the nostril wide, Hold hard the breath, and bend up every spirit To h's full height. On, on, you noblest Engl'sh, Whose blood 's fet from fathers of war-proof! Fathers that, like so many Alexanders, Have in these parts from morn till even fought, And sheath’d their swords for lack of argument. D'shonour not your mothers; now attest That those whom you call’d fathers did beget you. Be copy now to men of grosser blood, And teach them how to war. And you, good yeomen, Whose limbs were made in England, show us here The mettle of your pasture; let us swear That you 're worth your breeding, which I doubt not; For there 's none of you so mean and base, That has not noble lustre in your eyes. I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips, Straining upon the start. The game’s afoot! Follow your spirit, and upon th's charge Cry, “God for Harry! England and Saint George!”

once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more, or close the wall up with ou

"Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more" A 'breach' is a gap blown in a fortification wall by cannon fire — into which soldiers attack. Henry is asking his men to charge into a hole in the wall, under fire, for the second or third time. The speech is designed to make the impossible feel achievable.
"like so many Alexanders" Alexander the Great is the touchstone of military achievement — his Macedonian campaigns through the same French soil are evoked to connect Henry's soldiers to the greatest military history they could imagine. The comparison is also a subtle compliment: each one of these Englishmen is an Alexander.
"The game's afoot" A hunting metaphor — when prey is spotted, the 'game' is 'afoot' (running). Henry turns a military assault into a hunt, which is exactly the psychological reframing the speech is attempting throughout. The phrase survives in modern English (Sherlock Holmes uses it).
Why it matters One of the most famous speeches in Shakespeare, and one of the most analyzed. What makes it great is its pedagogy: Henry doesn't just say 'be brave' — he teaches the men, step by step, how to physically construct courage in their own bodies. The tiger, the brass cannon, the cliff, the greyhound — each image is a practical instruction.
[_Exeunt. Alarum, and chambers go off._]

The Reckoning

The Chorus conjures the crossing of the Channel with extraordinary visual poetry — a fleet that looks like a city on the water — then drops us straight into the noise and heat of a siege assault. Henry's speech is the play's first great set piece of royal rhetoric: one of the most famous battle cries in English literature. It works because it doesn't just demand courage — it constructs it, step by step, telling the men how to physically inhabit bravery. But then, immediately after, we cut to Pistol and Nym refusing to go near the breach. The gap between the speech and the reality is the scene's point.

If this happened today…

The inspirational startup founder video just dropped — four minutes of beautifully edited footage, driving music, the CEO in a field talking about disruption and destiny. 'Once more unto the breach!' Cut to the Slack channel where the developers are messaging each other: 'are we really doing this?' 'honestly I'd rather be at home.' 'who drew the short straw on this feature.'

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