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Act 4, Scene 3 — Another part of the forest.
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The argument Falstaff encounters Sir John Colevile of the Dale — a rebel knight — who recognizes him by reputation and simply surrenders. Prince John arrives, dismisses Falstaff's self-promotion with cold contempt, and sends Colevile to execution. Alone, Falstaff delivers his great speech in praise of sack (sherry), arguing that wine is the source of all wit, courage, and valor — and that Prince Hal's virtues come from drinking, while Prince John's faults come from sobriety.
Alarum. Excursions. Enter Falstaff and Colevile, meeting.
FALSTAFF dialogue

What’s your name, sir? Of what condition are you, and of what place, I

pray?

What’s your name, sir? Of what condition are you, and of what place, I pray?

What’s your name, sir? Of what condition are you, and of what place, I pray?

what’s your name, sir?

First appearance
COLEVILE

Colevile appears for just a few speeches, but they're notable. He surrenders out of awe for Falstaff's name — and then, when condemned, notes that had the leaders taken his counsel, the royal army would have paid a higher price. He's the most honest rebel in the play.

COLEVILE dialogue

I am a knight, sir, and my name is Colevile of the Dale.

I am a knight, sir, and my name is Colevile of the Dale.

I am a knight, sir, and my name is Colevile of the Dale.

knight, sir,

FALSTAFF dialogue

Well, then, Colevile is your name, a knight is your degree, and your

place the Dale. Colevile shall be still your name, a traitor your

degree, and the dungeon your place, a place deep enough; so shall you

be still Colevile of the Dale.

Well, then, Colevile is your name, a knight is your degree, and your place the Dale. Colevile shall be still your name, a traitor your degree, and the dungeon your place, a place deep enough; so shall you be still Colevile of the Dale.

Well, then, Colevile is your name, a knight is your degree, and your place the Dale. Colevile shall be still your name, a traitor your degre...

well, then, colevile your

COLEVILE dialogue

Are not you Sir John Falstaff?

Are not you Sir John Falstaff?

Are not you Sir John Falstaff?

are not you sir john

FALSTAFF dialogue

As good a man as he, sir, whoe’er I am. Do ye yield, sir, or shall I

sweat for you? If I do sweat, they are the drops of thy lovers, and

they weep for thy death. Therefore rouse up fear and trembling, and do

observance to my mercy.

As good a man as he, sir, whoe’er I am. Do ye yield, sir, or shall I sweat for you? If I do sweat, they are the drops of your lovers, and they weep for your death. Therefore rouse up fear and trembling, and do observance to my mercy.

As good a man as he, sir, whoe’er I am. Do ye yield, sir, or shall I sweat for you? If I do sweat, they are the drops of your lovers, and th...

good man

COLEVILE dialogue

I think you are Sir John Falstaff, and in that thought yield me.

I think you are Sir John Falstaff, and in that thought yield me.

I think you are Sir John Falstaff, and in that thought yield me.

think you are sir

Why it matters Colevile surrenders to Falstaff's reputation, not his force. He's never seen Falstaff fight — he's heard about him. This means Falstaff's 'capture' is entirely the product of his fame. Ironically, this is the most Falstaff-appropriate victory possible: achieved through presence and renown rather than exertion.
FALSTAFF dialogue

I have a whole school of tongues in this belly of mine, and not a

tongue of them all speaks any other word but my name. An I had but a

belly of any indifferency, I were simply the most active fellow in

Europe. My womb, my womb, my womb undoes me. Here comes our general.

I have a whole school of tongues in this belly of mine, and not a tongue of them all speaks any other word but my name. An I had but a belly of any indifferency, I were simply the most active fellow in Europe. My womb, my womb, my womb undoes me. Here comes our general.

I have a whole school of tongues in this belly of mine, and not a tongue of them all speaks any other word but my name. An I had but a belly...

have whole school

Enter Prince John of Lancaster, Westmoreland, Blunt, and others.
LANCASTER ≋ verse dialogue

The heat is past; follow no further now.

Call in the powers, good cousin Westmoreland.

The heat is past; follow no further now. Call in the powers, good cousin Westmoreland.

The heat is past; follow no further now. Call in the powers, good cousin Westmoreland.

the heat past; follow

[_Exit Westmoreland._]
Now, Falstaff, where have you been all this while?
When everything is ended, then you come.
These tardy tricks of yours will, on my life,
One time or other break some gallows’ back.
FALSTAFF dialogue

I would be sorry, my lord, but it should be thus. I never knew yet but

rebuke and check was the reward of valour. Do you think me a swallow,

an arrow, or a bullet? Have I, in my poor and old motion, the

expedition of thought? I have speeded hither with the very extremest

inch of possibility; I have foundered nine score and odd posts; and

here, travel-tainted as I am, have in my pure and immaculate valour,

taken Sir John Colevile of the Dale, a most furious knight and valorous

enemy. But what of that? He saw me, and yielded; that I may justly say,

with the hook-nosed fellow of Rome, “I came, saw, and overcame.”

I would be sorry, my lord, but it should be thus. I never knew yet but rebuke and check was the reward of valour. Do you think me a swallow, an arrow, or a bullet? Have I, in my poor and old motion, the expedition of thought? I have speeded hither with the very extremest inch of possibility; I have foundered nine score and odd posts; and here, travel-tainted as I am, have in my pure and immaculate valour, taken Sir John Colevile of the Dale, a most furious knight and valorous enemy. But what of that? He saw me, and yielded; that I may justly say, with the hook-nosed fellow of Rome, “I came, saw, and overcame.”

I would be sorry, my lord, but it should be thus. I never knew yet but rebuke and check was the reward of valour. Do you think me a swallow,...

would sorry,

LANCASTER dialogue

It was more of his courtesy than your deserving.

It was more of his courtesy than your deserving.

It was more of his courtesy than your deserving.

was more his

FALSTAFF dialogue

I know not. Here he is, and here I yield him. And I beseech your Grace,

let it be booked with the rest of this day’s deeds, or, by the Lord, I

will have it in a particular ballad else, with mine own picture on the

top on’t, Colevile kissing my foot: to the which course if I be

enforced, if you do not all show like gilt twopences to me, and I in

the clear sky of fame o’ershine you as much as the full moon doth the

cinders of the element, which show like pins’ heads to her, believe not

the word of the noble. Therefore let me have right, and let desert

mount.

I know not. Here he is, and here I yield him. And I beseech your Grace, let it be booked with the rest of this day’s deeds, or, by the Lord, I will have it in a particular ballad else, with mine own picture on the top on’t, Colevile kissing my foot: to the which course if I be enforced, if you do not all show like gilt twopences to me, and I in the clear sky of fame o’ershine you as much as the full moon does the cinders of the element, which show like pins’ heads to her, believe not the word of the noble. Therefore let me have right, and let desert mount.

I know not. Here he is, and here I yield him. And I beseech your Grace, let it be booked with the rest of this day’s deeds, or, by the Lord,...

know not. here

LANCASTER dialogue

Thine’s too heavy to mount.

yours’s too heavy to mount.

yours’s too heavy to mount.

thine’s too heavy mount.

FALSTAFF dialogue

Let it shine, then.

Let it shine, then.

Let it shine, then.

let shine, then.

LANCASTER dialogue

Thine’s too thick to shine.

yours’s too thick to shine.

yours’s too thick to shine.

thine’s too thick shine.

FALSTAFF dialogue

Let it do something, my good lord, that may do me good, and call it

what you will.

Let it do something, my good lord, that may do me good, and call it what you will.

Let it do something, my good lord, that may do me good, and call it what you will.

let something,

LANCASTER dialogue

Is thy name Colevile?

Is your name Colevile?

Is your name Colevile?

thy name colevile?

COLEVILE dialogue

It is, my lord.

It is, my lord.

It is, my lord.

is, lord.

LANCASTER dialogue

A famous rebel art thou, Colevile.

A famous rebel Are you, Colevile.

A famous rebel Are you, Colevile.

famous rebel art thou,

FALSTAFF dialogue

And a famous true subject took him.

And a famous true subject took him.

And a famous true subject took him.

and famous true subject

COLEVILE ≋ verse dialogue

I am, my lord, but as my betters are

That led me hither. Had they been ruled by me,

You should have won them dearer than you have.

I am, my lord, but as my betters are That led me hither. Had they been ruled by me, You should have won them dearer than you have.

I am, my lord, but as my betters are That led me hither. Had they been ruled by me, You should have won them dearer than you have.

am, lord, but

Why it matters Colevile's final speech is one of the play's quiet dignities. He doesn't beg. He notes, accurately, that the rebel leaders (at Gaultree) surrendered foolishly — and that had they taken the fight forward, things might have gone differently. He's probably right. He goes to his death having said something true.
FALSTAFF dialogue

I know not how they sold themselves, but thou, like a kind fellow,

gavest thyself away gratis, and I thank thee for thee.

I know not how they sold themselves, but you, like a kind fellow, gavest thyself away gratis, and I thank you for you.

I know not how they sold themselves, but you, like a kind fellow, gavest thyself away gratis, and I thank you for you.

know not how they

Enter Westmoreland.
LANCASTER dialogue

Now, have you left pursuit?

Now, have you left pursuit?

Now, have you left pursuit?

now, have you left pursuit?

Retreat is made and execution stay’d.
LANCASTER ≋ verse dialogue

Send Colevile with his confederates

To York, to present execution.

Blunt, lead him hence, and see you guard him sure.

Send Colevile with his confederates To York, to present execution. Blunt, lead him hence, and see you guard him sure.

Send Colevile with his confederates To York, to present execution. Blunt, lead him hence, and see you guard him sure.

send colevile with his confederates

[_Exeunt Blunt and others with Colevile._]
And now dispatch we toward the court, my lords.
I hear the King my father is sore sick.
Our news shall go before us to his Majesty,
Which, cousin, you shall bear to comfort him,
And we with sober speed will follow you.
FALSTAFF dialogue

My lord, I beseech you give me leave to go through Gloucestershire,

and, when you come to court, stand my good lord, pray, in your good

report.

My lord, I beseech you give me leave to go through Gloucestershire, and, when you come to court, stand my good lord, pray, in your good report.

My lord, I beseech you give me leave to go through Gloucestershire, and, when you come to court, stand my good lord, pray, in your good report.

lord, beseech you

LANCASTER ≋ verse dialogue

Fare you well, Falstaff. I, in my condition,

Shall better speak of you than you deserve.

Fare you well, Falstaff. I, in my condition, Shall better speak of you than you deserve.

Fare you well, Falstaff. I, in my condition, Shall better speak of you than you deserve.

fare you well, falstaff.

[_Exeunt all but Falstaff._]
FALSTAFF dialogue

I would you had but the wit, ’twere better than your dukedom. Good

faith, this same young sober-blooded boy doth not love me, nor a man

cannot make him laugh; but that’s no marvel, he drinks no wine. There’s

never none of these demure boys come to any proof; for thin drink doth

so over-cool their blood, and making many fish meals, that they fall

into a kind of male green-sickness; and then, when they marry, they get

wenches. They are generally fools and cowards, which some of us should

be too, but for inflammation. A good sherris-sack hath a two-fold

operation in it. It ascends me into the brain, dries me there all the

foolish and dull and crudy vapours which environ it, makes it

apprehensive, quick, forgetive, full of nimble, fiery, and delectable

shapes, which, delivered o’er to the voice, the tongue, which is the

birth, becomes excellent wit. The second property of your excellent

sherris is the warming of the blood, which, before cold and settled,

left the liver white and pale, which is the badge of pusillanimity and

cowardice. But the sherris warms it and makes it course from the

inwards to the parts’ extremes. It illumineth the face, which as a

beacon gives warning to all the rest of this little kingdom, man, to

arm; and then the vital commoners and inland petty spirits muster me

all to their captain, the heart, who, great and puffed up with this

retinue, doth any deed of courage; and this valour comes of sherris. So

that skill in the weapon is nothing without sack, for that sets it

a-work; and learning a mere hoard of gold kept by a devil, till sack

commences it and sets it in act and use. Hereof comes it that Prince

Harry is valiant; for the cold blood he did naturally inherit of his

father he hath, like lean, sterile and bare land, manured, husbanded

and tilled with excellent endeavour of drinking good and good store of

fertile sherris, that he is become very hot and valiant. If I had a

thousand sons, the first humane principle I would teach them should be

to forswear thin potations and to addict themselves to sack.

I would you had but the wit, ’twere better than your dukedom. Good faith, this same young sober-blooded boy does not love me, nor a man cannot make him laugh; but that’s no marvel, he drinks no wine. There’s never none of these demure boys come to any proof; for thin drink does so over-cool their blood, and making many fish meals, that they fall into a kind of male green-sickness; and then, when they marry, they get wenches. They are generally fools and cowards, which some of us should be too, but for inflammation. A good sherris-sack has a two-fold operation in it. It ascends me into the brain, dries me there all the foolish and dull and crudy vapours which environ it, makes it apprehensive, quick, forgetive, full of nimble, fiery, and delectable shapes, which, delivered o’er to the voice, the tongue, which is the birth, becomes excellent wit. The second property of your excellent sherris is the warming of the blood, which, before cold and settled, left the liver white and pale, which is the badge of pusillanimity and cowardice. But the sherris warms it and makes it course from the inwards to the parts’ extremes. It illumineth the face, which as a beacon gives warning to all the rest of this little kingdom, man, to arm; and then the vital commoners and inland petty spirits muster me all to their captain, the heart, who, great and puffed up with this retinue, does any deed of courage; and this valour comes of sherris. So that skill in the weapon is nothing without sack, for that sets it a-work; and learning a mere hoard of gold kept by a devil, till sack commences it and sets it in act and use. Hereof comes it that Prince Harry is valiant; for the cold blood he did naturally inherit of his father he has, like lean, sterile and bare land, manured, husbanded and tilled with excellent endeavour of drinking good and good store of fertile sherris, that he is become very hot and valiant. If I had a thousand sons, the first humane principle I would teach them should be to forswear thin potations and to addict themselves to sack.

I would you had but the wit, ’twere better than your dukedom. Good faith, this same young sober-blooded boy does not love me, nor a man cann...

would you had but

"A good sherris-sack hath a two-fold operation in it" Falstaff's physiology of sack is a comic parody of the humoral medicine of the period. The four humors — blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile — governed health and temperament. Falstaff argues that sack specifically improves the blood and dries out the brain's cold vapors. The pseudo-scientific precision is part of the joke.
"Prince Harry is valiant; for the cold blood he did naturally inherit of his father he hath, like lean, sterile and bare land, manured, husbanded and tilled with excellent endeavour of drinking good and good store of fertile sherris" Falstaff is backhanded-ly crediting Hal's virtues to wine rather than character — and simultaneously insulting Henry IV by saying his blood was cold and sterile. The agricultural metaphor (manured, tilled) is deliberately low.
Why it matters The sack speech is one of Falstaff's greatest comic performances. But it's also a piece of genuine philosophy from the play's point of view: Falstaff is arguing that vitality, warmth, wit, and courage come from engagement with life's pleasures — and that cold sobriety (like Prince John's) produces moral and intellectual deficiency. The joke about Hal being valiant because he's manured his father's cold blood with sack is Falstaff's way of claiming the Prince for his own world.
🎭 Dramatic irony Falstaff credits Prince Hal's valor to sack — essentially claiming Hal as his own creation. The audience has been watching throughout the play for signs that Hal is growing away from this world. The sack speech is Falstaff's most confident assertion of his influence over the Prince at exactly the moment that influence is about to be permanently severed.
Enter Bardolph.
How now, Bardolph?
BARDOLPH dialogue

The army is discharged all and gone.

The army is discharged all and gone.

The army is discharged all and gone.

the army discharged all

FALSTAFF dialogue

Let them go. I’ll through Gloucestershire, and there will I visit

Master Robert Shallow, Esquire. I have him already tempering between my

finger and my thumb, and shortly will I seal with him. Come away.

Let them go. I’ll through Gloucestershire, and there will I visit Master Robert Shallow, Esquire. I have him already tempering between my finger and my thumb, and shortly will I seal with him. Come away.

Let them go. I’ll through Gloucestershire, and there will I visit Master Robert Shallow, Esquire. I have him already tempering between my fi...

let them go. i’ll through

Why it matters Falstaff's plan to exploit Shallow connects this military scene back to the Gloucestershire comedy of 3-2 and forward to 5-1 and 5-3. Even in the aftermath of a battle, Falstaff is already calculating his next financial opportunity.
[_Exeunt._]

The Reckoning

This scene does two things. First, it provides a comic corrective to the grimness of 4-2: Falstaff 'captures' a rebel who surrenders out of awe at Falstaff's name, while claiming to have fought him valiantly. Second — and more importantly — it gives us Falstaff's great soliloquy on sack, one of his finest pieces of sustained comic philosophy. The sack speech is hilarious, but it's also the key to understanding Falstaff's relationship to Prince Hal: he credits Hal's virtues to wine, and blames John's coldness on sobriety. He's not entirely wrong.

If this happened today…

A celebrity shows up at a scene of action — having done nothing — and the person they're supposed to be arresting just surrenders because they know who the celebrity is. The boss is unamused. The celebrity argues: 'You should put me in the report or I'll write my own biography about this.' Boss: 'Your biography would be too fat to rise and too dense to shine.' Celebrity, alone afterward, delivers a fifteen-minute monologue about why coffee is the source of all human greatness.

Continue to 4.4 →