← 5.1
Act 5, Scene 2 — A hall in the Castle.
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The argument Hamlet tells Horatio he rewrote the letters to send Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths. Osric brings the fencing challenge. Hamlet accepts. Before the match: 'The readiness is all.' The match: Gertrude drinks the poisoned cup. Laertes wounds Hamlet; they exchange swords; Hamlet wounds Laertes. Laertes confesses the poison and names Claudius. Hamlet kills Claudius. Gertrude dies. Laertes dies. Hamlet, dying, gives his voice to Fortinbras and asks Horatio to tell his story. Fortinbras arrives. Hamlet's last words: 'The rest is silence.'
Enter Hamlet and Horatio.
HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet: back at court, facing Claudius for the last time]

So much for this, sir. Now let me see the other;

You do remember all the circumstance?

So, we're back at court. You know what's happened.

So. Here we are. You know what's coming.

we're back you know

HORATIO [Hamlet: to Laertes, before the duel]

Remember it, my lord!

I'll be your foil, Laertes: in mine ignorance your skill shall, like a star i' the darkest night, stick fiery off indeed.

You're the better swordsman. I'll make you look even better by comparison.

you're better i'll make you look good

HAMLET ≋ verse [Laertes: accepting the match]

Sir, in my heart there was a kind of fighting

That would not let me sleep. Methought I lay

Worse than the mutinies in the bilboes. Rashly,

And prais’d be rashness for it,—let us know,

Our indiscretion sometime serves us well,

When our deep plots do pall; and that should teach us

There’s a divinity that shapes our ends,

Rough-hew them how we will.

You mock me, sir.

You're joking with me.

you joke

HORATIO [Claudius: setting up the final trap]

That is most certain.

Set on.

Begin.

begin

HAMLET ≋ verse [Claudius: before the duel]

Up from my cabin,

My sea-gown scarf’d about me, in the dark

Grop’d I to find out them; had my desire,

Finger’d their packet, and in fine, withdrew

To mine own room again, making so bold,

My fears forgetting manners, to unseal

Their grand commission; where I found, Horatio,

Oh royal knavery! an exact command,

Larded with many several sorts of reasons,

Importing Denmark’s health, and England’s too,

With ho! such bugs and goblins in my life,

That on the supervise, no leisure bated,

No, not to stay the grinding of the axe,

My head should be struck off.

Everything is ready. The match begins soon.

The match is prepared.

ready

HORATIO [Claudius: calling the score]

Is’t possible?

A hit, a very palpable hit.

He hit you.

hit

HAMLET ≋ verse [Gertrude: celebrating Hamlet's success]

Here’s the commission, read it at more leisure.

But wilt thou hear me how I did proceed?

Here's to thy health.

To your health.

your health

HORATIO [Osric: formal introduction]

I beseech you.

Gentlemen, prepare yourselves.

Get ready.

prepare

HAMLET ≋ verse [Laertes: poisoned, wounded by his own sword]

Being thus benetted round with villanies,—

Or I could make a prologue to my brains,

They had begun the play,—I sat me down,

Devis’d a new commission, wrote it fair:

I once did hold it, as our statists do,

A baseness to write fair, and labour’d much

How to forget that learning; but, sir, now

It did me yeoman’s service. Wilt thou know

The effect of what I wrote?

The foul practice!

I'm betrayed!

betrayed

HORATIO [Hamlet: understanding the trap]

Ay, good my lord.

The treachery!

Treachery!

treachery

HAMLET ≋ verse [Gertrude: dying from the poisoned drink]

An earnest conjuration from the King,

As England was his faithful tributary,

As love between them like the palm might flourish,

As peace should still her wheaten garland wear

And stand a comma ’tween their amities,

And many such-like ‘as’es of great charge,

That on the view and know of these contents,

Without debatement further, more or less,

He should the bearers put to sudden death,

Not shriving-time allow’d.

The drink, the drink! I am poison'd.

The poison—I drank it. I'm dying.

poison i'm dying

HORATIO [Hamlet: to Claudius, his moment of truth]

How was this seal’d?

Here, thou incestuous, murderous, damned Dane, drink off this potion: is thy union here? Follow my mother.

Here's your poison. You murderer. You poisoned my mother. Now drink it yourself. Go to hell with her.

poison you murderer my mother hell

HAMLET ≋ verse [Claudius: dying]

Why, even in that was heaven ordinant.

I had my father’s signet in my purse,

Which was the model of that Danish seal:

Folded the writ up in the form of the other,

Subscrib’d it: gave’t th’impression; plac’d it safely,

The changeling never known. Now, the next day

Was our sea-fight, and what to this was sequent

Thou know’st already.

O, the drink, the drink! I am poison'd!

Poison—I'm poisoned.

poisoned

HORATIO [Laertes: forgiving Hamlet as he dies]

So Guildenstern and Rosencrantz go to’t.

The foul practice shall be known; Laertes, thou art slain by the sword; the treacherous instrument is in thy hand, unbated and poison'd: the foul practice hath return'd to the inventor of the wrong.

I was betrayed. The poison was meant for you. My own father's plot killed me. Forgive me, Hamlet. Forgive me. I was used as a weapon.

i was betrayed my own father's plot killed me forgive me i was a weapon

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet: dying, to Horatio]

Why, man, they did make love to this employment.

They are not near my conscience; their defeat

Does by their own insinuation grow.

’Tis dangerous when the baser nature comes

Between the pass and fell incensed points

Of mighty opposites.

Horatio, I am dead; thou livest; report me and my cause aright to the unsatisfied.

Horatio, I'm dying. You have to live to tell my story. Tell them the truth.

i'm dying tell my story tell the truth

HORATIO [Hamlet: his last words]

Why, what a king is this!

The rest is silence.

That's all.

silence

HAMLET ≋ verse [Horatio: over Hamlet's body]

Does it not, thinks’t thee, stand me now upon,—

He that hath kill’d my king, and whor’d my mother,

Popp’d in between th’election and my hopes,

Thrown out his angle for my proper life,

And with such cozenage—is’t not perfect conscience

To quit him with this arm? And is’t not to be damn’d

To let this canker of our nature come

In further evil?

Now cracks a noble heart. Good night sweet prince: and flights of angels sing thee to thy rest!

He's gone. A noble heart. Goodbye, Hamlet. May you find peace.

noble heart goodbye hamlet peace

HORATIO ≋ verse [Fortinbras: entering, claiming the throne]

It must be shortly known to him from England

What is the issue of the business there.

What is it ye would see? If aught of woe or wonder, cease your search.

I claim Denmark for my own. The young prince is dead. The king is dead. There is no more Denmark.

i claim denmark prince is dead king is dead

HAMLET ≋ verse [Fortinbras: the final statement]

It will be short. The interim is mine;

And a man’s life’s no more than to say ‘One’.

But I am very sorry, good Horatio,

That to Laertes I forgot myself;

For by the image of my cause I see

The portraiture of his. I’ll court his favours.

But sure the bravery of his grief did put me

Into a tow’ring passion.

Let Hamlet, like a soldier, fall to earth: a piece of him shall live in story.

Hamlet will be honored. His story will live on.

hamlet honored story lives on

HORATIO [Osric: announcing the match between Hamlet and Laertes]

Peace, who comes here?

The match is ready. Laertes has agreed to fight you with swords.

Laertes has agreed to the duel.

laertes will fight you

Enter Osric.
OSRIC [Hamlet: accepting]

Your lordship is right welcome back to Denmark.

I accept. Let's do it.

I'll fight.

i'll do it

HAMLET [Hamlet: a final moment with Horatio]

I humbly thank you, sir. Dost know this waterfly?

Horatio, if there's anything you need to tell me before this, tell me now.

Horatio. Before we start. If there's anything—

horatio if there's anything

HORATIO [Horatio: he senses danger]

No, my good lord.

Hamlet, I'm afraid. Something's wrong here.

I feel it. Something's not right.

something's wrong i can feel it

HAMLET [Hamlet: his readiness]

Thy state is the more gracious; for ’tis a vice to know him. He hath

much land, and fertile; let a beast be lord of beasts, and his crib

shall stand at the king’s mess; ’tis a chough; but, as I say, spacious

in the possession of dirt.

The time is now. Whatever happens, happens.

The time has come. Whatever will be, will be.

the time is now whatever will be

OSRIC [Laertes: ready for the duel]

Sweet lord, if your lordship were at leisure, I should impart a thing

to you from his Majesty.

I'm ready.

I'm ready.

ready

HAMLET [Hamlet: taking the sword]

I will receive it with all diligence of spirit. Put your bonnet to his

right use; ’tis for the head.

Let's begin.

Let's begin.

begin

OSRIC [The duel starts]

I thank your lordship, ’tis very hot.

They fight.

They fight.

HAMLET [Hamlet: scoring a hit]

No, believe me, ’tis very cold, the wind is northerly.

I hit him.

A hit!

hit

OSRIC [Laertes: frustrated]

It is indifferent cold, my lord, indeed.

Again!

Again!

again

HAMLET [They continue fighting]

Methinks it is very sultry and hot for my complexion.

They fence.

They continue.

OSRIC [Laertes: he touches Hamlet with the poisoned sword]

Exceedingly, my lord; it is very sultry,—as ’twere—I cannot tell how.

But, my lord, his Majesty bade me signify to you that he has laid a

great wager on your head. Sir, this is the matter,—

I've got you.

Got you!

got you

HAMLET [Hamlet: wounded]

I beseech you, remember,—

I'm hit.

I'm hit.

hit

[_Hamlet moves him to put on his hat._]
OSRIC [They fight again, more furiously]

Nay, in good faith; for mine ease, in good faith. Sir, here is newly

come to court Laertes; believe me, an absolute gentleman, full of most

excellent differences, of very soft society and great showing. Indeed,

to speak feelingly of him, he is the card or calendar of gentry; for

you shall find in him the continent of what part a gentleman would see.

Again!

Again!

again

HAMLET [Hamlet: managing to disarm Laertes, grabbing the poisoned sword]

Sir, his definement suffers no perdition in you, though I know, to

divide him inventorially would dizzy th’arithmetic of memory, and yet

but yaw neither, in respect of his quick sail. But, in the verity of

extolment, I take him to be a soul of great article and his infusion of

such dearth and rareness as, to make true diction of him, his semblable

is his mirror and who else would trace him his umbrage, nothing more.

Now I have your sword!

Now it's mine!

now i have it

OSRIC [Hamlet: touching Laertes with the poisoned sword in return]

Your lordship speaks most infallibly of him.

Now you're hit!

You're hit!

now you're hit

🎭 Dramatic irony Laertes accepts Hamlet's apology while knowing his sword is poisoned. The reconciliation between the two men is genuine on Hamlet's side and treacherous on Laertes's — and yet Laertes feels guilty enough that he says it is 'almost against his conscience.' The almost is doing enormous weight-bearing work.
HAMLET [Gertrude: realizing she's been poisoned]

The concernancy, sir? Why do we wrap the gentleman in our more rawer

breath?

[She falls] The drink, Hamlet. I'm poisoned!

[She falls] The wine was poisoned!

poison the wine

OSRIC [Hamlet: realizing Claudius's betrayal]

Sir?

Claudius! You did this!

Claudius! You poisoned her!

claudius you did this

HORATIO [Hamlet: attacking Claudius]

Is’t not possible to understand in another tongue? You will do’t, sir,

really.

[He stabs Claudius]

[He stabs Claudius]

HAMLET [Hamlet: forcing Claudius to drink the poison]

What imports the nomination of this gentleman?

Drink this poison yourself!

Drink your poison!

drink it

OSRIC [Claudius: dying]

Of Laertes?

[He dies]

[He dies]

HORATIO [Laertes: dying, forgiving]

His purse is empty already, all’s golden words are spent.

Hamlet, I'm dying. We're both poisoned. Forgive me. The poison was Claudius's plot.

I'm dying. It was all Claudius. Forgive me.

forgive me it was claudius

HAMLET [Hamlet: accepting his death]

Of him, sir.

I forgive you. And now I'm dying too. There is nothing more.

I forgive you. I'm dying.

i forgive you i'm dying

OSRIC [Hamlet: his last message to the world]

I know you are not ignorant,—

Horatio, you must tell my story. So that people will know the truth.

Horatio. Tell them. Tell them everything.

tell them the truth

🎭 Dramatic irony Claudius says 'Gertrude, do not drink' and does not follow it with any action that would actually stop her. The audience watches him choose, in three words, between exposing his plot and saving his wife — and he chooses the plot. He loses both.
HAMLET [Hamlet: dying words—the crown]

I would you did, sir; yet in faith if you did, it would not much

approve me. Well, sir?

The rest is silence.

That's all.

silence

OSRIC [Hamlet: he dies]

You are not ignorant of what excellence Laertes is,—

[He dies]

[Dies]

HAMLET [Horatio: the requiem for Hamlet]

I dare not confess that, lest I should compare with him in excellence;

but to know a man well were to know himself.

Now cracks a noble heart. Goodnight, sweet prince, and flights of angels sing thee to thy rest.

He's gone. Goodnight, sweet prince.

goodnight sweet prince angels carry you

OSRIC [Fortinbras: arriving at the end of the tragedy]

I mean, sir, for his weapon; but in the imputation laid on him, by them

in his meed he’s unfellowed.

What's this? So much blood? What's happened here?

What's happened here?

what happened

HAMLET [Horatio: explaining to the English ambassadors]

What’s his weapon?

The king is dead. The queen is dead. The prince is dead. And the man who did it is also dead—Claudius.

They're all dead. The king, the queen, the prince, and Claudius.

all dead

OSRIC [Fortinbras: taking command]

Rapier and dagger.

From this time forward, Denmark is mine. But Hamlet deserves the highest honor.

Denmark is mine. But Hamlet will be honored.

denmark hamlet honored

HAMLET [The final words of the play]

That’s two of his weapons. But well.

So ends the tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark.

So ends the story.

the end

OSRIC [Horatio: after Hamlet's death]

The King, sir, hath wager’d with him six Barbary horses, against the

which he has imponed, as I take it, six French rapiers and poniards,

with their assigns, as girdle, hangers, and so. Three of the carriages,

in faith, are very dear to fancy, very responsive to the hilts, most

delicate carriages, and of very liberal conceit.

Hamlet, wait—

Hamlet—

hamlet

HAMLET [Hamlet: dying]

What call you the carriages?

I cannot stay.

I'm going.

i'm dying

HORATIO [Hamlet: final instructions]

I knew you must be edified by the margin ere you had done.

Tell them all. The truth.

Tell everything.

tell them everything

OSRIC [Fortinbras: the new prince of Denmark]

The carriages, sir, are the hangers.

From this hour, Denmark is mine.

Denmark is now my kingdom.

denmark is mine

HAMLET [Fortinbras: but respect for the dead]

The phrase would be more german to the matter if we could carry cannon

by our sides. I would it might be hangers till then. But on. Six

Barbary horses against six French swords, their assigns, and three

liberal conceited carriages: that’s the French bet against the Danish.

Why is this all imponed, as you call it?

Still, Hamlet will be honored with a soldier's funeral.

Hamlet deserves honor.

hamlet honored

OSRIC [Final march out]

The King, sir, hath laid that in a dozen passes between you and him, he

shall not exceed you three hits. He hath laid on twelve for nine. And

it would come to immediate trial if your lordship would vouchsafe the

answer.

So ends the tragedy of Hamlet.

The end.

end

HAMLET [Osric: courtly announcement]

How if I answer no?

The match will begin now.

Now.

now

OSRIC [They prepare]

I mean, my lord, the opposition of your person in trial.

Take your positions.

Begin.

begin

HAMLET [The duel starts]

Sir, I will walk here in the hall. If it please his Majesty, it is the

breathing time of day with me. Let the foils be brought, the gentleman

willing, and the King hold his purpose, I will win for him if I can; if

not, I will gain nothing but my shame and the odd hits.

They fence.

They fight.

OSRIC [First hit]

Shall I re-deliver you e’en so?

A hit for Hamlet!

Hamlet!

hamlet

HAMLET [Continue]

To this effect, sir; after what flourish your nature will.

Again!

Again!

again

OSRIC [More fencing]

I commend my duty to your lordship.

They fight on.

On.

↩ Callback to 1-2 In 1-2, Hamlet's first soliloquy wished 'that this too too solid flesh would melt.' He wanted death then — but could not pursue it because of God's canon against self-slaughter. In 5-2, he dies not by his own choice but by a trap. He gets the silence he wanted, but not the dissolution. The play answers the first soliloquy in the final scene.
HAMLET [The poisoned wound]

Yours, yours.

[Laertes touches Hamlet]

[Touch!]

[_Exit Osric._]
He does well to commend it himself, there are no tongues else for’s
turn.
HORATIO [Hamlet realizes]

This lapwing runs away with the shell on his head.

Mother! No!

No!

no

HAMLET [Laertes speaks]

He did comply with his dug before he suck’d it. Thus has he,—and many

more of the same bevy that I know the drossy age dotes on,— only got

the tune of the time and outward habit of encounter; a kind of yeasty

collection, which carries them through and through the most fanned and

winnowed opinions; and do but blow them to their trial, the bubbles are

out.

Hamlet... I'm sorry.

I'm sorry.

sorry

Enter a Lord.
LORD [Forces poison]

My lord, his Majesty commended him to you by young Osric, who brings

back to him that you attend him in the hall. He sends to know if your

pleasure hold to play with Laertes or that you will take longer time.

Drink this!

Drink!

drink

HAMLET [Claudius falls]

I am constant to my purposes, they follow the King’s pleasure. If his

fitness speaks, mine is ready. Now or whensoever, provided I be so able

as now.

[Dies]

[Dies]

↩ Callback to 4-4 In 4-4, Hamlet watched Fortinbras march and felt shamed by the Norwegian's decisiveness. In 5-2, Fortinbras arrives to give Hamlet soldiers' rites — the highest honor he can offer. The moral mirror of Act 4 becomes the eulogist of Act 5.
LORD [Laertes dies]

The King and Queen and all are coming down.

[Dies]

[Dies]

HAMLET [Hamlet dying]

In happy time.

Now I go. Horatio will tell the story.

Tell them. Everything.

tell everything

LORD [Hamlet final words]

The Queen desires you to use some gentle entertainment to Laertes

before you fall to play.

The rest... is silence.

That's all.

silence

HAMLET [Hamlet dies]

She well instructs me.

[Dies]

[Dies]

[_Exit Lord._]
HORATIO [Fortinbras enters]

You will lose this wager, my lord.

What is this?

What happened?

what

HAMLET [Horatio explains]

I do not think so. Since he went into France, I have been in continual

practice. I shall win at the odds. But thou wouldst not think how ill

all’s here about my heart: but it is no matter.

The King, Queen, Prince—all dead.

They're all dead.

all dead

HORATIO [Fortinbras takes command]

Nay, good my lord.

I shall rule Denmark now.

Denmark is mine.

denmark

HAMLET [But Hamlet honored]

It is but foolery; but it is such a kind of gain-giving as would

perhaps trouble a woman.

Hamlet shall have soldiers' rites.

Hamlet will be honored.

honored

HORATIO [March away]

If your mind dislike anything, obey it. I will forestall their repair

hither, and say you are not fit.

Let us go.

Come.

go

HAMLET [Hamlet: acceptance of fate with strange peace]

Not a whit, we defy augury. There’s a special providence in the fall of

a sparrow. If it be now, ’tis not to come; if it be not to come, it

will be now; if it be not now, yet it will come. The readiness is all.

Since no man has aught of what he leaves, what is’t to leave betimes?

I won't worry about this. There's a divine plan in everything—even which sparrow falls. If I'm meant to die now, I will. If not now, then later. If not later, then soon. The important thing is to be ready. No one takes anything with them when they leave. What does it matter to leave early?

I'm done worrying. There's something bigger than me deciding things. Even sparrows fall by design. If I die now, I die. If not now, then later. Whenever. What matters is I'm ready. Nobody keeps anything anyway—we leave empty. So what does it matter when?

i'm ready whatever happens the readiness is all no one keeps what they leave behind

Enter King, Queen, Laertes, Lords, Osric and Attendants with foils &c.
KING [Claudius: extending his hand to Hamlet, but it's a trap]

Come, Hamlet, come, and take this hand from me.

Come here, Hamlet. Let me shake your hand.

Come on, Hamlet. Shake my hand.

come shake my hand

[_The King puts Laertes’s hand into Hamlet’s._]
HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet: the apology that inverts blame—his madness, not him]

Give me your pardon, sir. I have done you wrong;

But pardon’t as you are a gentleman.

This presence knows, and you must needs have heard,

How I am punish’d with sore distraction.

What I have done

That might your nature, honour, and exception

Roughly awake, I here proclaim was madness.

Was’t Hamlet wrong’d Laertes? Never Hamlet.

If Hamlet from himself be ta’en away,

And when he’s not himself does wrong Laertes,

Then Hamlet does it not, Hamlet denies it.

Who does it, then? His madness. If’t be so,

Hamlet is of the faction that is wrong’d;

His madness is poor Hamlet’s enemy.

Sir, in this audience,

Let my disclaiming from a purpos’d evil

Free me so far in your most generous thoughts

That I have shot my arrow o’er the house

And hurt my brother.

Forgive me. I've wronged you. I'm asking you—as a gentleman, as a man of honor—to pardon me. Everyone here knows what's happened to me. You've heard that I've been struck by a terrible distraction, a madness. What I did—the things that might have wounded your honor and your nature, that might have shocked you awake—I declare now those came from madness, not malice. Was it Hamlet who hurt Laertes? No. Never. If Hamlet can be taken away from himself—if he becomes someone other than Hamlet, someone who wrongs Laertes—then Hamlet doesn't do the wrong. Hamlet rejects it. Who does the wrong then? His madness. His madness is Hamlet's own enemy. The man who's wronged here is Hamlet. His madness hurt him most. In front of all of you, I say this: let my rejection of purposeful evil, let my genuine disclaimer of intended harm, clear me in your minds. I've shot an arrow over the house—I meant to miss—but I've hurt my brother anyway. I regret it.

I'm asking for your pardon. I've done you wrong, but please—as a gentleman—forgive me. You know what's happened. You've heard I've been sick, distracted, out of my mind. What I did—things that might have shattered your honor—I swear came from madness, not from malice. Hamlet didn't hurt Laertes. Never. But when Hamlet isn't Hamlet—when he's mad and stops being himself—then that's not Hamlet doing it anymore. That's just the madness. The madness is Hamlet's own enemy. In front of everyone here: I'm telling you my evil intentions are gone. I didn't mean to hurt you. I shot an arrow and it landed on you instead. I'm sorry.

i wronged you please forgive i was mad not myself it was madness not me forgiving myself is harder

LAERTES ≋ verse [Laertes: forgiveness is his nature, but honor is complicated]

I am satisfied in nature,

Whose motive in this case should stir me most

To my revenge. But in my terms of honour

I stand aloof, and will no reconcilement

Till by some elder masters of known honour

I have a voice and precedent of peace

To keep my name ungor’d. But till that time

I do receive your offer’d love like love,

And will not wrong it.

My heart wants to forgive you—that's my nature. What matters most is revenge, and revenge calls for my blood to boil. But honor is different. I have to stand apart until I can get the word of some elder man of honor that it's right to forgive you. I'll take your hand as a gesture of peace, but I can't fully reconcile until I have that elder authority backing me up. I don't want to forgive too quickly and then find out I've betrayed my father's memory. But for now, I accept your offer of peace.

My heart naturally wants to forgive—I'm that kind of person. What should make me want revenge is my blood, but honor is harder. I can't just shake your hand unless some respected elder says it's okay, that my honor is satisfied. So I'll accept your gesture of peace for now. But I need that permission before I fully forgive.

i want to forgive but honor won't let me not yet i need the elders to say it's okay to let this go

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet: accepting peacefully, ready to move forward]

I embrace it freely,

And will this brother’s wager frankly play.—

Give us the foils; come on.

I take your forgiveness freely. And I'll play this match with you openly, generously. Give us the swords—come on, let's start.

I take it. I'll play this game honestly with you—no tricks. Give us the swords. Let's go.

i accept no tricks let's fence let's play

LAERTES [Laertes: picking a foil]

Come, one for me.

I need one for myself.

I'll take one.

one for me

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet: a compliment or strategic comment on his inferiority]

I’ll be your foil, Laertes; in mine ignorance

Your skill shall like a star i’ th’ darkest night,

Stick fiery off indeed.

I'll be your background, Laertes. My lack of skill will make your talent shine like a bright star in the darkest night.

You're better than me. My weakness will make your skill look brilliant—like a star in the dark.

you're the star i'm just making you look good

LAERTES [Laertes: testing whether Hamlet's compliment was genuine]

You mock me, sir.

Are you mocking me?

You're joking with me.

you mock me

HAMLET [Hamlet: sincere, swearing on his hand]

No, by this hand.

No, I swear on my hand.

No, I mean it.

i mean it

KING ≋ verse [Claudius: framing the match]

Give them the foils, young Osric. Cousin Hamlet,

You know the wager?

Give them the swords, Osric. Hamlet, you understand the wager?

Osric, hand them the foils. Hamlet, you know the bet?

do you know what you're fighting for

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet: aware but unconcerned about the odds]

Very well, my lord.

Your Grace has laid the odds o’ the weaker side.

Yes, I understand it well. You've put the odds on the weaker side—my side.

Yes. And you've set the odds against me—which is smart.

the odds are against me i know

KING ≋ verse [Claudius: dismissing any worry, with confidence in the plan]

I do not fear it. I have seen you both;

But since he is better’d, we have therefore odds.

I'm not afraid. I've watched you both fence before. But since he's improved so much, the odds are on you—that's only fair.

I'm not worried. I've seen you both fight. But he's gotten better, so the odds have to favor you.

he's better now so the odds go to you

LAERTES [Laertes: rejecting a foil, sensing something]

This is too heavy. Let me see another.

This one's too heavy. Let me try a different one.

This is too heavy. I want another.

too heavy another

HAMLET [Hamlet: checking the equipment]

This likes me well. These foils have all a length?

This one suits me fine. Are all these foils the same length?

This one feels good. Are they all the same size?

this one works all the same length

[_They prepare to play._]
OSRIC [Osric: confirming all is ready]

Ay, my good lord.

Yes, my lord.

Yes, sir.

yes

KING ≋ verse [Claudius: setting the trap, offering the poisoned wine]

Set me the stoups of wine upon that table.

If Hamlet give the first or second hit,

Or quit in answer of the third exchange,

Let all the battlements their ordnance fire;

The King shall drink to Hamlet’s better breath,

And in the cup an union shall he throw

Richer than that which four successive kings

In Denmark’s crown have worn. Give me the cups;

And let the kettle to the trumpet speak,

The trumpet to the cannoneer without,

The cannons to the heavens, the heavens to earth,

‘Now the King drinks to Hamlet.’ Come, begin.

And you, the judges, bear a wary eye.

Put the wine cups on the table there. If Hamlet wins the first or second hit, or if he lands a winning hit in the third round, let all the cannons fire from the battlements. When Hamlet scores, the King will drink a toast to his health and throw a pearl into the cup—a pearl more valuable than any pearl that's ever adorned the Danish crown. Get the cups ready. Signal the trumpet, the trumpet will signal the cannons, the cannons will signal the heavens, and the heavens will echo back 'Now the King drinks to Hamlet.' Begin the match. You judges, watch carefully.

Set the wine on the table. If Hamlet wins the first or second point, or scores on the third exchange, fire the cannons from the walls. I'll drink to his health and throw in a pearl—worth more than any crown jewel ever made. Get the cups. When I drink, the trumpet sounds, the cannons fire, and everyone knows the King honors Hamlet. Begin. Judges, watch carefully.

if he wins fire the cannons i'll drink toss in a pearl worth more than the crown

HAMLET [Hamlet: ready to begin]

Come on, sir.

Let's begin.

Let's go.

let's start

LAERTES [Laertes: ready]

Come, my lord.

Come on, sir.

Come on.

come on

[_They play._]
HAMLET [Hamlet: scoring first]

One.

One hit for me.

One.

one

LAERTES [Laertes: disputing the call]

No.

No.

No.

no

HAMLET [Hamlet: calling for judgment]

Judgement.

The judges must decide.

Judge.

judge

OSRIC [Osric: confirming the hit]

A hit, a very palpable hit.

A hit, absolutely undeniable.

That's a hit.

hit

LAERTES [Laertes: accepting, ready to try again]

Well; again.

All right. Again.

Again.

again

KING ≋ verse [Claudius: offering the poisoned wine as celebration]

Stay, give me drink. Hamlet, this pearl is thine;

Here’s to thy health.

Wait. Give me a drink. Hamlet, this pearl is yours now. Here's to your good health.

Hold on. A drink. Hamlet, that pearl is yours. To your health.

here's to you here's to your health

[_Trumpets sound, and cannon shot off within._]
Give him the cup.
HAMLET [Hamlet: declining the drink, setting it aside]

I’ll play this bout first; set it by awhile.

I'll finish this match first. Set the drink aside for now.

I'll play first. I'll drink later.

play first drink later

[_They play._]
Come. Another hit; what say you?
LAERTES [Laertes: acknowledging a second hit against him]

A touch, a touch, I do confess.

A touch—I'll admit it.

You touched me.

you got me

KING [Claudius: confident, watching the match unfold]

Our son shall win.

Our son will win.

Hamlet will win.

he'll win

QUEEN ≋ verse [Gertrude: watching her son, noticing his exertion]

He’s fat, and scant of breath.

Here, Hamlet, take my napkin, rub thy brows.

The Queen carouses to thy fortune, Hamlet.

He's breathing hard and running short of breath. Here, Hamlet, take my napkin and wipe your face. The Queen drinks to your fortune, Hamlet.

He's sweating and out of breath. Here, wipe your face. I'm toasting your good luck.

wipe your face i drink to you to your luck

HAMLET [Hamlet: grateful to his mother]

Good madam.

Thank you, madam.

Thank you.

thank you

KING [Claudius: trying to stop her from drinking the poison]

Gertrude, do not drink.

Gertrude, don't drink!

Gertrude, wait!

don't drink no

QUEEN [Gertrude: ignoring or not hearing his warning]

I will, my lord; I pray you pardon me.

I will, my lord. Please forgive me.

I will. Pardon me.

i will pardon me

[_Aside._] It is the poison’d cup; it is too late.
HAMLET [Hamlet: not knowing the cup is poisoned]

I dare not drink yet, madam. By and by.

I can't drink yet, madam. In a moment.

Not yet, madam. Soon.

not yet later

QUEEN [Gertrude: tending to her son]

Come, let me wipe thy face.

Let me wipe your face.

Let me dry you off.

let me wipe your face

LAERTES [Laertes: making his move, whispering to himself]

My lord, I’ll hit him now.

My lord, I'll strike him now.

Now I'll hit him.

now i'll do it

KING [Claudius: dismissive, confident in the plan]

I do not think’t.

I don't think so.

Not likely.

doubt it

[_Aside._] And yet ’tis almost ’gainst my conscience.
HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet: pressing hard, challenging Laertes]

Come for the third, Laertes. You do but dally.

I pray you pass with your best violence.

I am afeard you make a wanton of me.

Come on for the third round, Laertes. You're just playing with me. Show me your best—give me your full strength. I'm starting to think you're not trying your hardest.

Let's go for the third. You're just toying with me. Come at me with everything you've got. I think you're going easy on me.

come on third round stop playing show me your best full strength

LAERTES [Laertes: accepting the challenge]

Say you so? Come on.

You think so? Come on then.

Think so? Here I come.

come on then

[_They play._]
OSRIC [Osric: observing the third round]

Nothing neither way.

Neither of you has scored.

Neither side.

tied

LAERTES [Laertes: making his deadly strike with the poisoned blade]

Have at you now.

Take this!

Take this!

take this

[_Laertes wounds Hamlet; then, in scuffling, they change rapiers, and
Hamlet wounds Laertes._]
KING [Claudius: alarmed, the duel turning violent]

Part them; they are incens’d.

Separate them. They're furious with each other.

Stop them. They're too angry.

stop too angry

HAMLET [Hamlet: not backing down, attacking again]

Nay, come again!

No—fight me again!

Come back!

come again

[_The Queen falls._]
OSRIC [Osric: noticing Gertrude has been wounded]

Look to the Queen there, ho!

Watch the Queen! Something's wrong!

Look at the Queen!

the queen something's wrong

HORATIO [Horatio: watching both bleed, realizing something is very wrong]

They bleed on both sides. How is it, my lord?

They're both bleeding. How are you, my lord?

You're both bleeding. Are you all right?

both bleeding are you okay

OSRIC [Osric: checking on Laertes]

How is’t, Laertes?

How is it, Laertes?

Laertes, you all right?

you okay

LAERTES ≋ verse [Laertes: realizing he's poisoned and dying from his own blade]

Why, as a woodcock to my own springe, Osric.

I am justly kill’d with mine own treachery.

I'm caught in my own trap, Osric. I've been justly killed by my own treachery.

I did this to myself. My own weapon. My own trap.

my own trap my own blade my own death

HAMLET [Hamlet: realizing what's happened to Gertrude]

How does the Queen?

What's happened to the Queen?

Is my mother all right?

the queen mother

KING [Claudius: lying about Gertrude's collapse]

She swoons to see them bleed.

She's fainted at the sight of blood.

She fainted seeing you both bleed.

she fainted

QUEEN ≋ verse [Gertrude: dying, realizing the poison]

No, no, the drink, the drink! O my dear Hamlet!

The drink, the drink! I am poison’d.

No, no—it's the drink, the drink! O my dear Hamlet! The drink, the drink! I'm poisoned.

No—the wine. The wine. I'm poisoned, Hamlet.

the drink poison i'm dying hamlet

[_Dies._]
HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet: understanding the entire conspiracy]

O villany! Ho! Let the door be lock’d:

Treachery! Seek it out.

Treachery! Horror! Lock the doors—I want to find out who did this. Who did this?

Treachery! Lock the doors. Find out who did this.

treachery locked doors who who did this

[_Laertes falls._]
LAERTES ≋ verse [Laertes: a dying confession, naming the true villain]

It is here, Hamlet. Hamlet, thou art slain.

No medicine in the world can do thee good.

In thee there is not half an hour of life;

The treacherous instrument is in thy hand,

Unbated and envenom’d. The foul practice

Hath turn’d itself on me. Lo, here I lie,

Never to rise again. Thy mother’s poison’d.

I can no more. The King, the King’s to blame.

It is here, Hamlet. Hamlet, you are killed. No medicine in the world can help you. You have less than half an hour of life left. The blade is poisoned—unblunted and soaked in venom. My own plot has turned against me. Look at me here, dying. Never to rise again. Your mother is poisoned. I can't speak anymore. The King—the King is to blame.

It's the blade, Hamlet. You're poisoned. There's no cure. You have maybe thirty minutes. The weapon is poisoned—sharp and venomous. It was supposed to kill you, and it did. And it killed me too. Your mother is poisoned. I'm dying. But listen—the King did this. He's the one.

you're poisoned no cure thirty minutes the king the king did it to blame

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet: understanding the blade and acting]

The point envenom’d too!

Then, venom, to thy work.

The blade is poisoned too! Then, venom—do your work!

The blade is poisoned. Then do what you're made for.

the blade is poisoned then venom do your work

[_Stabs the King._]
OSRIC and LORDS.
Treason! treason!
KING [Claudius: dying, trying to call for help]

O yet defend me, friends. I am but hurt.

Protect me, friends. I'm only hurt.

Help me. It's just a wound.

help it's just a wound

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet: identifying Claudius as the true monster, forcing the poison]

Here, thou incestuous, murderous, damned Dane,

Drink off this potion. Is thy union here?

Follow my mother.

Here, incestuous, murderous, damned Dane—drink this poison. Is your precious pearl in here? Follow my mother.

Drink this, you murdering bastard. This is your pearl. Go to hell with my mother.

drink this poison incestuous murderous followmy mother to hell

[_King dies._]
LAERTES ≋ verse [Laertes: forgiving Hamlet, dying with his honor restored]

He is justly serv’d.

It is a poison temper’d by himself.

Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet.

Mine and my father’s death come not upon thee,

Nor thine on me.

He's died as he deserved to. The poison was made by himself, boiled in his own evil intentions. Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet. My father's death and mine—they don't fall on you. And your death doesn't fall on me.

He got what he deserved. The poison was his own. Hamlet, I forgive you. Your death isn't your fault, and mine isn't yours either.

he deserved it the poison was his i forgive you no blame on you

[_Dies._]
HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet: dying, passing his voice and story to Horatio]

Heaven make thee free of it! I follow thee.

I am dead, Horatio. Wretched Queen, adieu.

You that look pale and tremble at this chance,

That are but mutes or audience to this act,

Had I but time,—as this fell sergeant, death,

Is strict in his arrest,—O, I could tell you,—

But let it be. Horatio, I am dead,

Thou liv’st; report me and my cause aright

To the unsatisfied.

May God free you from it. I follow you. I am dead, Horatio. Queen Gertrude, goodbye. You who stand here pale and shaking at what you've witnessed, who are only spectators to this terrible act—if I had time—if Death were not so strict in his arrest—O, I could tell you— But let it be. Horatio, I am dead. You remain. Tell my story and my cause truthfully to those who don't understand. Tell them.

May God forgive you. I'm dying too, Horatio. Mother, goodbye. All of you watching—if I had time, I could explain everything. But I don't. Horatio, you live. You have to tell them the truth—tell them what really happened, why I did what I did. Tell my story.

i'm dying horatio you live tell them my story the truth why i did what i did

HORATIO ≋ verse [Horatio: refusing to leave Hamlet, choosing loyalty over life]

Never believe it.

I am more an antique Roman than a Dane.

Here’s yet some liquor left.

I won't believe you're dead. I am more a Roman than a Dane. Here—there's poison still in this cup.

Don't tell me you're dead. I'll follow you—like the Romans. There's still poison in this cup.

no i won't believe i'll follow you to death

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet: holding Horatio back from death, demanding he stay]

As th’art a man,

Give me the cup. Let go; by Heaven, I’ll have’t.

O good Horatio, what a wounded name,

Things standing thus unknown, shall live behind me.

If thou didst ever hold me in thy heart,

Absent thee from felicity awhile,

And in this harsh world draw thy breath in pain,

To tell my story.

Since you're a man, give me the cup. Let go—I will have it. O good Horatio, what a wounded name, what an incomplete story will be left behind me if you die too. If you've ever loved me, absent yourself from paradise awhile. Remain in this harsh world and endure its pain. Tell my story.

Give me the cup. As a man, let me have it. Horatio, if you die, nobody will know the truth. My name will be damaged forever. If you ever loved me, stay alive. Stay in this painful world and tell them what happened. Tell them why.

stay horatio stay alive please tell my story so they understand

[_March afar off, and shot within._]
What warlike noise is this?
OSRIC ≋ verse [Osric: announcing Fortinbras's arrival]

Young Fortinbras, with conquest come from Poland,

To the ambassadors of England gives

This warlike volley.

Young Fortinbras has returned from conquering Poland and is greeting the ambassadors from England with a military salute.

Fortinbras just arrived from Poland and he's firing a cannon salute to the English ambassadors.

fortinbras from poland cannon salute

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet: dying, giving his voice to Fortinbras and his story to Horatio]

O, I die, Horatio.

The potent poison quite o’er-crows my spirit:

I cannot live to hear the news from England,

But I do prophesy th’election lights

On Fortinbras. He has my dying voice.

So tell him, with the occurrents more and less,

Which have solicited. The rest is silence.

O, I die, Horatio. The poison is overwhelming my spirit completely. I can't live to hear the news from England. But I do prophesy that Fortinbras will be chosen as the new king. He has my dying voice—my final vote. Tell him this along with everything else that has happened here, all the great and small events that led to this moment. The rest is silence.

I'm dying. The poison is killing me. I won't hear from England. But I know Fortinbras will be king—that's my last choice. Tell him that. Tell him everything that brought us here. The rest... silence.

i die fortinbras king my voice tell him tell everyone the rest silence

[_Dies._]
HORATIO ≋ verse [Horatio: the final elegy for Hamlet]

Now cracks a noble heart. Good night, sweet prince,

And flights of angels sing thee to thy rest.

Why does the drum come hither?

Now a noble heart breaks. Goodnight, sweet prince, and may flights of angels escort you to your rest. Why does the drum come here?

There goes a good man. Goodbye, sweet prince. May angels bring you peace. Who's coming?

noble heart breaks goodbye sweet prince angels rest why the drum

[_March within._]
Enter Fortinbras, the English Ambassadors and others.
FORTINBRAS [Fortinbras: seeing the death scene]

Where is this sight?

What is this sight?

What happened here?

what is this

HORATIO ≋ verse [Horatio: warning Fortinbras what he's about to see]

What is it you would see?

If aught of woe or wonder, cease your search.

If you want to see something terrible or strange, stop looking. Everything you need to know is right here, in this room.

If you're looking for horror or wonder, you've found it. It's all here.

here woe and wonder all here

FORTINBRAS ≋ verse [Fortinbras: addressing Death itself, amazed at the slaughter]

This quarry cries on havoc. O proud death,

What feast is toward in thine eternal cell,

That thou so many princes at a shot

So bloodily hast struck?

This pile of corpses cries out against Death's cruelty. O proud Death, what feast is being prepared in your eternal palace, that you've struck down so many princes at once, so bloodily?

Look at this death toll. Death itself must be feasting—how many princes did you kill at once? All this blood.

quarry of death princdes fallen pride feast of death

FIRST AMBASSADOR ≋ verse [First Ambassador: the English have arrived too late]

The sight is dismal;

And our affairs from England come too late.

The ears are senseless that should give us hearing,

To tell him his commandment is fulfill’d,

That Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead.

Where should we have our thanks?

This is a terrible sight. Our news from England has come too late. The men who should be listening to us are dead—deaf to any news. We came to tell Claudius that his orders have been carried out, that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead. But where do we direct our gratitude now?

This is horrific. We came too late from England. The King is dead—he'll never hear our report. We were supposed to tell him Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead. But there's nobody left to thank.

too late from england rosencrantz guildenstern dead no one to thank

HORATIO ≋ verse [Horatio: the sole witness, accepting the burden of telling the truth]

Not from his mouth,

Had it th’ability of life to thank you.

He never gave commandment for their death.

But since, so jump upon this bloody question,

You from the Polack wars, and you from England

Are here arriv’d, give order that these bodies

High on a stage be placed to the view,

And let me speak to th’ yet unknowing world

How these things came about. So shall you hear

Of carnal, bloody and unnatural acts,

Of accidental judgements, casual slaughters,

Of deaths put on by cunning and forc’d cause,

And, in this upshot, purposes mistook

Fall’n on the inventors’ heads. All this can I

Truly deliver.

Not from his mouth—he's dead and cannot thank you. He never gave the order for their death. But since you've arrived at such a critical moment, you from Poland's wars and you from England, I'll arrange for these bodies to be displayed on a stage for all to see, and I will speak to the world that doesn't yet understand. I will tell them of carnal sins and bloody deeds, of acts against nature, of deaths that seemed accidental but were actually deliberate, of slaughters that came about by cunning and forced cause, and of intentions that went wrong and fell upon the heads of those who plotted them. All this I can tell truly.

Not from him—he's dead. He never ordered their deaths. But since you're here now, let me tell you. I'll put the bodies on display and tell the whole world what happened: murders, unnatural acts, deaths that looked like accidents but were planned, schemes that backfired and killed the schemers. Everything. I can explain it all.

not from him dead i'll tell carnal bloody unnatural acts accidental judgments casual slaughters cunning and forc'd cause purposes mistook fall'n on inventors' heads truly deliver

FORTINBRAS ≋ verse [Fortinbras: claiming his prize, Denmark]

Let us haste to hear it,

And call the noblest to the audience.

For me, with sorrow I embrace my fortune.

I have some rights of memory in this kingdom,

Which now to claim my vantage doth invite me.

Let's hurry to hear that story and call the noblest men to listen. As for me, I embrace my good fortune with sorrow. I have some hereditary rights to this kingdom, and now my position invites me to claim what is mine.

Let's hear it. I'll gather the nobles. As for me, I'm taking Denmark with sadness—I have a claim, and now I'll make it.

let us hear the story denmark is mine claim rights fortune with sorrow

HORATIO ≋ verse [Horatio: the final words, ensuring the story survives]

Of that I shall have also cause to speak,

And from his mouth whose voice will draw on more.

But let this same be presently perform’d,

Even while men’s minds are wild, lest more mischance

On plots and errors happen.

I too have something to say. I have the word of a man whose voice will influence many others. But this story must be told now, while people's minds are in chaos, before more schemes and misunderstandings can take root and cause more harm.

I have things to say too. Someone important will back me up. But we need to tell this story now, while minds are open, before more plots can happen.

my mouth whose voice will draw on more tell now while minds wild lest mischance plots and errors happen

FORTINBRAS ≋ verse [Fortinbras: the final command, honoring Hamlet]

Let four captains

Bear Hamlet like a soldier to the stage,

For he was likely, had he been put on,

To have prov’d most royally; and for his passage,

The soldiers’ music and the rites of war

Speak loudly for him.

Take up the bodies. Such a sight as this

Becomes the field, but here shows much amiss.

Go, bid the soldiers shoot.

Let four captains carry Hamlet's body like a soldier to the stage. He was likely to have been a great and royal man if he'd had the chance to prove himself. And for his death, let the soldiers' music and the ceremonial rites of war speak loudly for him. Take up these bodies. Such a sight as this belongs on a battlefield, but here in the palace it looks terrible. Go—order the soldiers to fire a salute.

Carry Hamlet like a soldier to the stage. If he'd lived, he'd have been a great king. Give him a soldier's funeral—music and ceremony. Take all these bodies away. This bloodshed belongs on a battlefield, not here. Fire the cannons for him.

like a soldier the stage would have prov'd most royally soldiers' music rites of war for his passage

[_A dead march._]
[_Exeunt, bearing off the bodies, after which a peal of ordnance is
shot off._]

The Reckoning

Everything the play has been building to arrives in this scene — and arrives in the wrong order, the wrong way, at the wrong speed. Hamlet does not plan the killing of Claudius. It happens in the chaos of a trap that was set for him. Gertrude dies by mistake. Laertes dies partly by his own weapon. Hamlet kills Claudius in the thirty seconds between learning that Laertes's blade was poisoned and dying of that same poison. It is not the deliberate, prepared revenge Hamlet kept promising — it is a compressed explosion of every accumulated wrong, triggered by another man's betrayal. And yet it is enough. Claudius dies. The Ghost is answered. The something rotten in Denmark is cut out — and Denmark is left to Fortinbras, who was never in the play in any meaningful sense until the last five minutes. Hamlet dies with 'the rest is silence,' having asked Horatio to tell his story. The story is the play.

If this happened today…

A man who has spent months unable to act finds himself in a rigged situation designed to kill him. In the space of one betrayal — a friend's dying confession — he finally acts: not as planned, not as rehearsed, but completely, without hesitation, in the seconds before his own death. He doesn't survive to see whether it was worth it. He asks his best friend to make sure people understand what happened. Then a stranger arrives and claims everything.