← 3.1
Act 3, Scene 2 — Rossillon. A room in the Countess’s palace.
on stage:
Next: 3.3 →
Original
Faithful Conversational Text-message
The argument At Rossillon, the Countess reads Bertram's letter abandoning Helena and learns he has fled to the Italian wars; Helena reads his impossible conditions for recognizing the marriage; and then resolves to disappear so Bertram can return home.
Enter Countess and Clown.
COUNTESS COUNTESS

It hath happen’d all as I would have had it, save that he comes not

along with her.

It has happen’d all as I would have had it, save that he comes not along with her.

it has happen’d all as i would 've had it, save that he comes not along with her.

It has happen’d all as I would have had it, save that...

CLOWN CLOWN

By my troth, I take my young lord to be a very melancholy man.

By my troth, I take my young lord to be a very melancholy man.

by my troth, i take my young lord to be a very melancholy man.

By my troth, I take my young lord to be a very...

COUNTESS COUNTESS

By what observance, I pray you?

By what observance, I pray you?

by what observance, i pray you?

By what observance, I pray you?

CLOWN CLOWN

Why, he will look upon his boot and sing; mend the ruff and sing; ask

questions and sing; pick his teeth and sing. I know a man that had this

trick of melancholy sold a goodly manor for a song.

Why, he will look upon his boot and sing; mend the ruff and sing; ask questions and sing; pick his teeth and sing. I know a man that had this trick of melancholy sold a goodly manor for a song.

why, he will look upon h's boot and sing; mend the ruff and sing; ask questions and sing; pick h's teeth and sing. i know a man that had th's trick of melancholy sold a goodly manor for a song.

Why, he will look upon his boot and sing; mend the ruff...

COUNTESS COUNTESS

Let me see what he writes, and when he means to come.

Let me see what he writes, and when he means to come.

let me see what he writes, and when he means to come.

Let me see what he writes, and when he means to come.

[_Opening a letter._]
CLOWN CLOWN

I have no mind to Isbel since I was at court. Our old lings and our

Isbels o’ th’ country are nothing like your old ling and your Isbels o’

th’ court. The brains of my Cupid’s knock’d out, and I begin to love,

as an old man loves money, with no stomach.

I have no mind to Isbel since I was at court. Our old lings and our Isbels o’ th’ country are nothing like your old ling and your Isbels o’ th’ court. The brains of my Cupid’s knock’d out, and I begin to love, as an old man loves money, with no stomach.

i 've no mind to isbel since i was at court. our old lings and our isbels o’ th’ country 're nothing like your old ling and your isbels o’ th’ court. the brains of my cupid’s knock’d out, and i begin to love, as an old man loves money, with no stomach.

I have no mind to Isbel since I was at court. Our...

COUNTESS COUNTESS

What have we here?

What have we here?

what 've we here?

What have we here?

CLOWN CLOWN

E’en that you have there.

E’en that you have there.

e’en that you 've there.

E’en that you have there.

[_Exit._]
[_Reads._] _I have sent you a daughter-in-law; she hath recovered the
COUNTESS COUNTESS

king and undone me. I have wedded her, not bedded her, and sworn to

make the “not” eternal. You shall hear I am run away; know it before

the report come. If there be breadth enough in the world, I will hold a

long distance. My duty to you.

Your unfortunate son,_

king and undone me. I have wedded her, not bedded her, and sworn to make the “not” eternal. You shall hear I am run away; know it before the report come. If there be breadth enough in the world, I will hold a long distance. My duty to you. Your unfortunate son,_

king and undone me. i 've wedded her, not bedded her, and sworn to make the “not” eternal. you shall hear i am run away; know it before the report come. if there be breadth enough in the world, i will hold a long distance. my duty to you. your unfortunate son,_

king and undone me. I have wedded her, not bedded her, and...

"I have wedded her, not bedded her, and sworn to make the "not" eternal." Bertram's letter is a masterpiece of cold brevity — 'make the not eternal' is one of his cruelest formulations. In Elizabethan law, a marriage unconsummated could theoretically be annulled; Bertram is trying to build a legal escape hatch while also just being as hurtful as possible.
Why it matters This is the letter that defines the plot — Bertram's impossible conditions for recognizing the marriage will drive everything Helena does from here.
🎭 Dramatic irony Bertram writes his conditions as impossibilities — get my ancestral ring, produce my child. He means them to be unanswerable. The audience who knows the play knows exactly how Helena will answer them.
BERTRAM ≋ verse BERTRAM

This is not well, rash and unbridled boy,

To fly the favours of so good a king,

To pluck his indignation on thy head

By the misprizing of a maid too virtuous

For the contempt of empire.

This is not well, rash and unbridled boy, To fly the favours of so good a king, To pluck his indignation on your head By the misprizing of a maid too virtuous For the contempt of empire.

th's 's not well, rash and unbridled boy, to fly the favours of so good a king, to pluck h's indignation on your head by the misprizing of a maid too virtuous for the contempt of empire.

This is not well, rash and unbridled boy, To fly the favours...

Enter Clown.
CLOWN CLOWN

O madam, yonder is heavy news within between two soldiers and my young

lady.

O madam, over there is heavy news within between two soldiers and my young lady.

o madam, over there 's heavy news within between two soldiers and my young lady.

O madam, over there is heavy news within between two soldiers and...

COUNTESS COUNTESS

What is the matter?

What is the matter?

what 's the matter?

What is the matter?

CLOWN CLOWN

Nay, there is some comfort in the news, some comfort; your son will not

be kill’d so soon as I thought he would.

no, there is some comfort in the news, some comfort; your son will not be kill’d so soon as I thought he would.

no, there 's some comfort in the news, some comfort; your son will not be kill’d so soon as i thought he would.

no, there is some comfort in the news, some comfort; your son...

COUNTESS COUNTESS

Why should he be kill’d?

Why should he be kill’d?

why should he be kill’d?

Why should he be kill’d?

CLOWN CLOWN

So say I, madam, if he run away, as I hear he does; the danger is in

standing to’t; that’s the loss of men, though it be the getting of

children. Here they come will tell you more. For my part, I only hear

your son was run away.

So say I, madam, if he run away, as I hear he does; the danger is in standing to’t; that’s the loss of men, though it be the getting of children. Here they come will tell you more. For my part, I only hear your son was run away.

so say i, madam, if he run away, as i hear he does; the danger 's in standing to’t; that’s the loss of men, though it be the getting of children. here they come will tell you more. for my part, i only hear your son was run away.

So say I, madam, if he run away, as I hear he...

[_Exit._]
Enter Helena and the two Gentlemen.
FIRST GENTLEMAN FIRST GENTLEMAN

Save you, good madam.

Save you, good madam.

save you, good madam.

Save you, good madam.

HELENA HELENA

Madam, my lord is gone, for ever gone.

Madam, my lord is gone, for ever gone.

madam, my lord 's gone, for ever gone.

Madam, my lord is gone, for ever gone.

SECOND GENTLEMAN SECOND GENTLEMAN

Do not say so.

Do not say so.

do not say so.

Do not say so.

COUNTESS ≋ verse COUNTESS

Think upon patience. Pray you, gentlemen,—

I have felt so many quirks of joy and grief

That the first face of neither on the start

Can woman me unto ’t. Where is my son, I pray you?

Think upon patience. Pray you, gentlemen,— I have felt so many quirks of joy and grief That the first face of neither on the start Can woman me unto ’t. Where is my son, I pray you?

think upon patience. pray you, gentlemen,— i 've felt so many quirks of joy and grief that the first face of neither on the start can woman me unto ’t. where 's my son, i pray you?

Think upon patience. Pray you, gentlemen,— I have felt so many quirks...

SECOND GENTLEMAN ≋ verse SECOND GENTLEMAN

Madam, he’s gone to serve the Duke of Florence;

We met him thitherward, for thence we came,

And, after some despatch in hand at court,

Thither we bend again.

Madam, he’s gone to serve the Duke of Florence; We met him thitherward, for from there we came, And, after some despatch in hand at court, Thither we bend again.

madam, he’s gone to serve the duke of florence; we met him thitherward, for from there we came, and, after some despatch in hand at court, thither we bend again.

Madam, he’s gone to serve the Duke of Florence; We met him...

HELENA HELENA

Look on this letter, madam; here’s my passport.

Look on this letter, madam; here’s my passport.

look on th's letter, madam; here’s my passport.

Look on this letter, madam; here’s my passport.

[_Reads._] _When thou canst get the ring upon my finger, which never
shall come off, and show me a child begotten of thy body that I am
father to, then call me husband; but in such a “then” I write a
“never”._
This is a dreadful sentence.
COUNTESS COUNTESS

Brought you this letter, gentlemen?

Brought you this letter, gentlemen?

brought you th's letter, gentlemen?

Brought you this letter, gentlemen?

FIRST GENTLEMAN FIRST GENTLEMAN

Ay, madam; And for the contents’ sake, are sorry for our pains.

Ay, madam; And for the contents’ sake, are sorry for our pains.

ay, madam; and for the contents’ sake, 're sorry for our pains.

Ay, madam; And for the contents’ sake, are sorry for our pains.

COUNTESS ≋ verse COUNTESS

I pr’ythee, lady, have a better cheer;

If thou engrossest all the griefs are thine,

Thou robb’st me of a moiety. He was my son,

But I do wash his name out of my blood,

And thou art all my child. Towards Florence is he?

I pr’ythee, lady, have a better cheer; If you engrossest all the griefs are yours, you robb’st me of a moiety. He was my son, But I do wash his name out of my blood, And you are all my child. Towards Florence is he?

i pr’ythee, lady, 've a better cheer; if you engrossest all the griefs 're yours, you robb’st me of a moiety. he was my son, but i do wash h's name out of my blood, and you 're all my child. towards florence 's he?

I pr’ythee, lady, have a better cheer; If you engrossest all the...

"I do wash his name out of my blood" One of the most extraordinary things a mother says in Shakespeare — the Countess is publicly disowning her son in favor of her daughter-in-law. 'Wash out of my blood' is a powerful image: names were believed to be transmitted through bloodlines, so washing his name out is cutting the kinship bond itself.
Why it matters The Countess choosing Helena over Bertram here is one of the play's moral anchors — the most reliable character in the play giving her clear verdict.
SECOND GENTLEMAN SECOND GENTLEMAN

Ay, madam.

Ay, madam.

ay, madam.

Ay, madam.

COUNTESS COUNTESS

And to be a soldier?

And to be a soldier?

and to be a soldier?

And to be a soldier?

SECOND GENTLEMAN ≋ verse SECOND GENTLEMAN

Such is his noble purpose, and, believe’t,

The duke will lay upon him all the honour

That good convenience claims.

Such is his noble purpose, and, believe’t, The duke will lay upon him all the honour That good convenience claims.

such 's h's noble purpose, and, believe’t, the duke will lay upon him all the honour that good convenience claims.

Such is his noble purpose, and, believe’t, The duke will lay upon...

COUNTESS COUNTESS

Return you thither?

Return you thither?

return you thither?

Return you thither?

FIRST GENTLEMAN FIRST GENTLEMAN

Ay, madam, with the swiftest wing of speed.

Ay, madam, with the swiftest wing of speed.

ay, madam, with the swiftest wing of speed.

Ay, madam, with the swiftest wing of speed.

[_Reads._] _Till I have no wife, I have nothing in France._
HELENA HELENA

’Tis bitter.

’is bitter.

’t's bitter.

’is bitter.

COUNTESS COUNTESS

Find you that there?

Find you that there?

find you that there?

Find you that there?

HELENA HELENA

Ay, madam.

Ay, madam.

ay, madam.

Ay, madam.

FIRST GENTLEMAN FIRST GENTLEMAN

’Tis but the boldness of his hand haply, which his heart was not

consenting to.

’is but the boldness of his hand perhaps, which his heart was not consenting to.

’t's but the boldness of h's hand perhaps, which h's heart was not consenting to.

’is but the boldness of his hand perhaps, which his heart was...

COUNTESS ≋ verse COUNTESS

Nothing in France until he have no wife!

There’s nothing here that is too good for him

But only she, and she deserves a lord

That twenty such rude boys might tend upon,

And call her hourly mistress. Who was with him?

Nothing in France until he have no wife! There’s nothing here that is too good for him But only she, and she deserves a lord That twenty such rude boys might tend upon, And call her hourly mistress. Who was with him?

nothing in france until he 've no wife! there’s nothing here that 's too good for him but only she, and she deserves a lord that twenty such rude boys might tend upon, and call her hourly mistress. who was with him?

Nothing in France until he have no wife! There’s nothing here that...

FIRST GENTLEMAN FIRST GENTLEMAN

A servant only, and a gentleman which I have sometime known.

A servant only, and a gentleman which I have sometime known.

a servant only, and a gentleman which i 've sometime known.

A servant only, and a gentleman which I have sometime known.

COUNTESS COUNTESS

Parolles, was it not?

Parolles, was it not?

parolles, was it not?

Parolles, was it not?

FIRST GENTLEMAN FIRST GENTLEMAN

Ay, my good lady, he.

Ay, my good lady, he.

ay, my good lady, he.

Ay, my good lady, he.

COUNTESS ≋ verse COUNTESS

A very tainted fellow, and full of wickedness.

My son corrupts a well-derived nature

With his inducement.

A very tainted fellow, and full of wickedness. My son corrupts a well-derived nature With his inducement.

a very tainted fellow, and full of wickedness. my son corrupts a well-derived nature with h's inducement.

A very tainted fellow, and full of wickedness. My son corrupts a...

FIRST GENTLEMAN ≋ verse FIRST GENTLEMAN

Indeed, good lady,

The fellow has a deal of that too much,

Which holds him much to have.

Indeed, good lady, The fellow has a deal of that too much, Which holds him much to have.

indeed, good lady, the fellow has a deal of that too much, which holds him much to have.

Indeed, good lady, The fellow has a deal of that too much,...

COUNTESS ≋ verse COUNTESS

Y’are welcome, gentlemen.

I will entreat you, when you see my son,

To tell him that his sword can never win

The honour that he loses: more I’ll entreat you

Written to bear along.

Y’are welcome, gentlemen. I will entreat you, when you see my son, To tell him that his sword can never win The honour that he loses: more I’ll entreat you Written to bear along.

y’'re welcome, gentlemen. i will entreat you, when you see my son, to tell him that h's sword can never win the honour that he loses: more i’ll entreat you written to bear along.

Y’are welcome, gentlemen. I will entreat you, when you see my son,...

SECOND GENTLEMAN ≋ verse SECOND GENTLEMAN

We serve you, madam,

In that and all your worthiest affairs.

We serve you, madam, In that and all your worthiest affairs.

we serve you, madam, in that and all your worthiest affairs.

We serve you, madam, In that and all your worthiest affairs.

COUNTESS ≋ verse COUNTESS

Not so, but as we change our courtesies.

Will you draw near?

Not so, but as we change our courtesies. Will you draw near?

not so, but as we change our courtesies. will you draw near?

Not so, but as we change our courtesies. Will you draw near?

[_Exeunt Countess and Gentlemen._]
HELENA ≋ verse HELENA

“Till I have no wife, I have nothing in France.”

Nothing in France until he has no wife!

Thou shalt have none, Rossillon, none in France;

Then hast thou all again. Poor lord, is’t I

That chase thee from thy country, and expose

Those tender limbs of thine to the event

Of the none-sparing war? And is it I

That drive thee from the sportive court, where thou

Wast shot at with fair eyes, to be the mark

Of smoky muskets? O you leaden messengers,

That ride upon the violent speed of fire,

Fly with false aim; move the still-peering air,

That sings with piercing; do not touch my lord.

Whoever shoots at him, I set him there;

Whoever charges on his forward breast,

I am the caitiff that do hold him to’t;

And though I kill him not, I am the cause

His death was so effected. Better ’twere

I met the ravin lion when he roar’d

With sharp constraint of hunger; better ’twere

That all the miseries which nature owes

Were mine at once. No; come thou home, Rossillon,

Whence honour but of danger wins a scar,

As oft it loses all. I will be gone;

My being here it is that holds thee hence.

Shall I stay here to do’t? No, no, although

The air of paradise did fan the house,

And angels offic’d all. I will be gone,

That pitiful rumour may report my flight

To consolate thine ear. Come, night; end, day;

For with the dark, poor thief, I’ll steal away.

“Till I have no wife, I have nothing in France.” Nothing in France until he has no wife! you shall have none, Rossillon, none in France; Then hast you all again. Poor lord, is’t I That chase you from your country, and expose Those tender limbs of yours to the event Of the none-sparing war? And is it I That drive you from the sportive court, where you were shot at with fair eyes, to be the mark Of smoky muskets? O you leaden messengers, That ride upon the violent speed of fire, Fly with false aim; move the still-peering air, That sings with piercing; do not touch my lord. Whoever shoots at him, I set him there; Whoever charges on his forward breast, I am the caitiff that do hold him to’t; And though I kill him not, I am the cause His death was so effected. Better ’twere I met the ravin lion when he roar’d With sharp constraint of hunger; better ’twere That all the miseries which nature owes Were mine at once. No; come you home, Rossillon, Whence honour but of danger wins a scar, As oft it loses all. I will be gone; My being here it is that holds you hence. Shall I stay here to do’t? No, no, although The air of paradise did fan the house, And angels offic’d all. I will be gone, That pitiful rumour may report my flight To consolate yours ear. Come, night; end, day; For with the dark, poor thief, I’ll steal away.

“till i 've no wife, i 've nothing in france.” nothing in france until he has no wife! you shall 've none, rossillon, none in france; then hast you all again. poor lord, is’t i that chase you from your country, and expose those tender limbs of yours to the event of the none-sparing war? and 's it i that drive you from the sportive court, where you were shot at with fair eyes, to be the mark of smoky muskets? o you leaden messengers, that ride upon the violent speed of fire, fly with false aim; move the still-peering air, that sings with piercing; do not touch my lord. whoever shoots at him, i set him there; whoever charges on h's forward breast, i am the caitiff that do hold him to’t; and though i kill him not, i am the cause h's death was so effected. better ’twere i met the ravin lion when he roar’d with sharp constraint of hunger; better ’twere that all the miseries which nature owes were mine at once. no; come you home, rossillon, whence honour but of danger wins a scar, as oft it loses all. i will be gone; my being here it 's that holds you hence. shall i stay here to do’t? no, no, although the air of paradise did fan the house, and angels offic’d all. i will be gone, that pitiful rumour may report my flight to consolate yours ear. come, night; end, day; for with the dark, poor thief, i’ll steal away.

“Till I have no wife, I have nothing in France.” Nothing in...

"O you leaden messengers, / That ride upon the violent speed of fire" Helena is literally addressing bullets in flight — a startling image in which she tries to divert them from Bertram mid-air. It's one of the most viscerally imagined moments of the play.
"I am the caitiff that do hold him to't" Helena takes on full moral responsibility for Bertram's being in danger — calling herself the wretch who holds him to his peril. This is a profound self-accusation: she sees her love as the source of his flight, and his flight as the source of his danger.
Why it matters Helena's soliloquy is the play's moral and emotional center — a woman choosing self-erasure out of love for someone who despises her. Whether this is beautiful sacrifice or tragic self-abnegation is the question the play asks but never quite answers.
🎭 Dramatic irony Helena concludes that her absence will bring Bertram home safely — but the audience knows (or suspects) that she is heading for Florence herself. Her 'stealing away' is not withdrawal; it's pursuit. The self-sacrifice is also strategy.
[_Exit._]

The Reckoning

The scene where everything falls apart and Helena decides to sacrifice herself for Bertram's safety. The letter from Bertram is brutal — 'I have wedded her, not bedded her, and sworn to make the not eternal' — and the conditions he sets for recognizing the marriage are designed to be impossible. Helena reads them, then does something radical: she concludes that her presence is the reason Bertram is in danger, and she will remove herself from the world. Her final soliloquy, a prayer for his protection in war, is one of the most selfless speeches in Shakespeare. The audience is left with the question: is this beautiful or is this unbearable?

If this happened today…

A young woman gets home from the courthouse where her marriage was registered and finds a letter on the doormat: 'I've moved out. I've gone overseas. If you can somehow get my grandmother's ring off my finger — which you never will — and prove you're pregnant with my child — which you can't be, since I've never touched you — then you can call yourself my wife. Until then, stay out of my life.' Her new mother-in-law reads the letter over her shoulder. Then she reads another letter that says: 'Till I have no wife, I have nothing here.' The young woman texts her friend: 'He's in a war zone because of me. I have to leave.'

Continue to 3.3 →