← prev
Act 1, Scene 1 — Rossillon. A room in the Countess’s palace.
on stage:
Next: 1.2 →
Original
Faithful Conversational Text-message
The argument The recently widowed Countess of Rossillon sends her son Bertram to the French court, while her ward Helena reveals — alone on stage — that her tears are not for her dead father but for the man she can never have.
Enter Bertram, the Countess of Rossillon, Helena, and Lafew, all in
black.
First appearance
COUNTESS

The Countess speaks with the authority of someone who has earned the right to say hard things gently. She gives advice in aphorisms ('Love all, trust a few, do wrong to none') and observes more than she lets on — watch for the gap between what she says and what she already knows.

COUNTESS Sending my son away feels like losing another husband to death

In delivering my son from me, I bury a second husband.

In delivering my son from me, I bury a second husband.

in delivering my son from me, i bury a second husband.

In delivering my son from me, I bury a second husband.

Why it matters The play opens in mourning — and the Countess's first line collapses the two losses (husband, son's departure) into one, establishing the theme of love as loss that runs through everything that follows.
First appearance
BERTRAM

Bertram speaks in short bursts — he's not a talker. His silence often conceals resistance; when he does speak, it tends to be complaint or capitulation. Watch for the moments when he says the least and means the most.

BERTRAM Leaving revives all the grief of losing my father

And I in going, madam, weep o’er my father’s death anew; but I must

attend his majesty’s command, to whom I am now in ward, evermore in

subjection.

And I in going, madam, weep o’er my father’s death anew; but I must attend his majesty’s command, to whom I am now in ward, evermore in subjection.

and i in going, madam, weep o’er my father’s death anew; but i must attend h's majesty’s command, to whom i am now in ward, evermore in subjection.

And I in going, madam, weep o’er my father’s death anew; but...

"in ward, evermore in subjection" Wardship was a real feudal institution — noble minors whose fathers died became legally controlled by the king, who could profit from their estates and arrange their marriages. Bertram has no freedom here.
First appearance
LAFEW

Lafew is the play's most reliable judge of character — he sizes people up correctly and immediately, and he says so whether it's welcome or not. Watch for the moments when he is the only person in a scene who is telling the truth.

LAFEW The King will be Bertram's father, and his virtue is reliable

You shall find of the king a husband, madam; you, sir, a father. He

that so generally is at all times good, must of necessity hold his

virtue to you, whose worthiness would stir it up where it wanted,

rather than lack it where there is such abundance.

You shall find of the king a husband, madam; you, sir, a father. He that so generally is at all times good, must of necessity hold his virtue to you, whose worthiness would stir it up where it wanted, rather than lack it where there is such abundance.

you shall find of the king a husband, madam; you, sir, a father. he that so generally 's at all times good, must of necessity hold h's virtue to you, whose worthiness would stir it up where it wanted, rather than lack it where there 's such abundance.

You shall find of the king a husband, madam; you, sir, a...

COUNTESS I'm desperate for hope that the King might recover

What hope is there of his majesty’s amendment?

What hope is there of his majesty’s amendment?

what hope 's there of h's majesty’s amendment?

What hope is there of his majesty’s amendment?

LAFEW The King abandoned hope because it hurt too much to lose it over time

He hath abandon’d his physicians, madam; under whose practices he hath

persecuted time with hope, and finds no other advantage in the process

but only the losing of hope by time.

He has abandon’d his physicians, madam; under whose practices he has persecuted time with hope, and finds no other advantage in the process but only the losing of hope by time.

he has abandon’d h's physicians, madam; under whose practices he has persecuted time with hope, and finds no other advantage in the process but only the losing of hope by time.

He has abandon’d his physicians, madam; under whose practices he has persecuted...

COUNTESS Helena's father could have cured the King—his death is a loss I can't accept

This young gentlewoman had a father—O that “had!”, how sad a passage

’tis!—whose skill was almost as great as his honesty; had it stretch’d

so far, would have made nature immortal, and death should have play for

lack of work. Would for the king’s sake he were living! I think it

would be the death of the king’s disease.

This young gentlewoman had a father—O that “had!”, how sad a passage ’is!—whose skill was almost as great as his honesty; had it stretch’d so far, would have made nature immortal, and death should have play for lack of work. Would for the king’s sake he were living! I think it would be the death of the king’s disease.

th's young gentlewoman had a father—o that “had!”, how sad a passage ’is!—whose skill was almost as great as h's honesty; had it stretch’d so far, would 've made nature immortal, and death should 've play for lack of work. would for the king’s sake he were living! i think it would be the death of the king’s disease.

This young gentlewoman had a father—O that “had!”, how sad a passage...

LAFEW Tell me who this miraculous doctor was

How called you the man you speak of, madam?

How called you the man you speak of, madam?

how called you the man you speak of, madam?

How called you the man you speak of, madam?

COUNTESS His name was Gerard de Narbon, and he truly deserved his fame

He was famous, sir, in his profession, and it was his great right to be

so: Gerard de Narbon.

He was famous, sir, in his profession, and it was his great right to be so: Gerard de Narbon.

he was famous, sir, in h's profession, and it was h's great right to be so: gerard de narbon.

He was famous, sir, in his profession, and it was his great...

LAFEW He was excellent, and we all wish he were still here

He was excellent indeed, madam; the king very lately spoke of him

admiringly, and mourningly; he was skilful enough to have liv’d still,

if knowledge could be set up against mortality.

He was excellent indeed, madam; the king very lately spoke of him admiringly, and mourningly; he was skilful enough to have liv’d still, if knowledge could be set up against mortality.

he was excellent indeed, madam; the king very lately spoke of him admiringly, and mourningly; he was skilful enough to 've liv’d still, if knowledge could be set up against mortality.

He was excellent indeed, madam; the king very lately spoke of him...

BERTRAM I want to know what disease is afflicting the King

What is it, my good lord, the king languishes of?

What is it, my good lord, the king languishes of?

what 's it, my good lord, the king languishes of?

What is it, my good lord, the king languishes of?

LAFEW It's a medical condition called a fistula

A fistula, my lord.

A fistula, my lord.

a fistula, my lord.

A fistula, my lord.

"A fistula, my lord." This was almost certainly an anal fistula — painful, disfiguring, incurable by Renaissance medicine, and embarrassing for a king. Henri IV of France famously suffered from one. Shakespeare picks this disease deliberately: a great king brought low by something undignified.
BERTRAM I wasn't aware of this before

I heard not of it before.

I heard not of it before.

i heard not of it before.

I heard not of it before.

LAFEW I hope this isn't widely known, and I'm curious about Helena's parentage

I would it were not notorious. Was this gentlewoman the daughter of

Gerard de Narbon?

I would it were not notorious. Was this gentlewoman the daughter of Gerard de Narbon?

i would it were not notorious. was th's gentlewoman the daughter of gerard de narbon?

I would it were not notorious. Was this gentlewoman the daughter of...

COUNTESS Yes, she's his only child, and I've taken responsibility for raising her

His sole child, my lord, and bequeathed to my overlooking. I have those

hopes of her good that her education promises her dispositions she

inherits, which makes fair gifts fairer; for where an unclean mind

carries virtuous qualities, there commendations go with pity, they are

virtues and traitors too. In her they are the better for their

simpleness; she derives her honesty, and achieves her goodness.

His sole child, my lord, and bequeathed to my overlooking. I have those hopes of her good that her education promises her dispositions she inherits, which makes fair gifts fairer; for where an unclean mind carries virtuous qualities, there commendations go with pity, they are virtues and traitors too. In her they are the better for their simpleness; she derives her honesty, and achieves her goodness.

h's sole child, my lord, and bequeathed to my overlooking. i 've those hopes of her good that her education promises her dispositions she inherits, which makes fair gifts fairer; for where an unclean mind carries virtuous qualities, there commendations go with pity, they 're virtues and traitors too. in her they 're the better for their simpleness; she derives her honesty, and achieves her goodness.

His sole child, my lord, and bequeathed to my overlooking. I have...

LAFEW Your praise of her seems to come from her own tears

Your commendations, madam, get from her tears.

Your commendations, madam, get from her tears.

your commendations, madam, get from her tears.

Your commendations, madam, get from her tears.

COUNTESS Her tears preserve her reputation, but she's showing her sorrow too much now

’Tis the best brine a maiden can season her praise in. The remembrance

of her father never approaches her heart but the tyranny of her sorrows

takes all livelihood from her cheek. No more of this, Helena; go to, no

more, lest it be rather thought you affect a sorrow than to have.

’is the best brine a maiden can season her praise in. The remembrance of her father never approaches her heart but the tyranny of her sorrows takes all livelihood from her cheek. No more of this, Helena; go to, no more, lest it be rather thought you affect a sorrow than to have.

’t's the best brine a maiden can season her praise in. the remembrance of her father never approaches her heart but the tyranny of her sorrows takes all livelihood from her cheek. no more of this, helena; go to, no more, lest it be rather thought you affect a sorrow than to have.

’is the best brine a maiden can season her praise in. The...

First appearance
HELENA

Helena speaks differently in company versus alone — in company she deflects and is modest; in soliloquy she is fierce, precise, and completely sure of herself. Watch for the shift between these two registers as the play unfolds.

HELENA I'm genuinely grieving—this isn't an act

I do affect a sorrow indeed, but I have it too.

I do affect a sorrow indeed, but I have it too.

i do affect a sorrow indeed, but i 've it too.

I do affect a sorrow indeed, but I have it too.

Why it matters Helena's first real line — and it's already a double meaning. She is performing grief for her father, yes. But the real sorrow is the loss of Bertram. She tells the truth in a way no one around her understands.
🎭 Dramatic irony Helena tells the Countess 'I do affect a sorrow indeed, but I have it too' — she is openly confessing that her grief is double, but the Countess interprets it as grief for her father. The audience (and re-readers) recognize that Helena is talking about Bertram.
LAFEW Moderate grief honors the dead, but excessive grief harms the living

Moderate lamentation is the right of the dead; excessive grief the

enemy to the living.

Moderate lamentation is the right of the dead; excessive grief the enemy to the living.

moderate lamentation 's the right of the dead; excessive grief the enemy to the living.

Moderate lamentation is the right of the dead; excessive grief the enemy...

COUNTESS If grief harms the living, then excess grief becomes fatal

If the living be enemy to the grief, the excess makes it soon mortal.

If the living be enemy to the grief, the excess makes it soon mortal.

if the living be enemy to the grief, the excess makes it soon mortal.

If the living be enemy to the grief, the excess makes it...

BERTRAM I ask you for your blessing as I leave

Madam, I desire your holy wishes.

Madam, I desire your holy wishes.

madam, i desire your holy wishes.

Madam, I desire your holy wishes.

LAFEW What does he mean by that request?

How understand we that?

How understand we that?

how understand we that?

How understand we that?

COUNTESS ≋ verse I'm blessing him and commanding him to be virtuous like his father

Be thou blest, Bertram, and succeed thy father

In manners, as in shape! Thy blood and virtue

Contend for empire in thee, and thy goodness

Share with thy birthright! Love all, trust a few,

Do wrong to none. Be able for thine enemy

Rather in power than use; and keep thy friend

Under thy own life’s key. Be check’d for silence,

But never tax’d for speech. What heaven more will,

That thee may furnish and my prayers pluck down,

Fall on thy head! Farewell. My lord,

’Tis an unseason’d courtier; good my lord,

Advise him.

Be you blest, Bertram, and succeed your father In manners, as in shape! your blood and virtue Contend for empire in you, and your goodness Share with your birthright! Love all, trust a few, Do wrong to none. Be able for yours enemy Rather in power than use; and keep your friend Under your own life’s key. Be check’d for silence, But never tax’d for speech. What heaven more will, That you may furnish and my prayers pluck down, Fall on your head! Farewell. My lord, ’is an unseason’d courtier; good my lord, Advise him.

be you blest, bertram, and succeed your father in manners, as in shape! your blood and virtue contend for empire in you, and your goodness sh're with your birthright! love all, trust a few, do wrong to none. be able for yours enemy rather in power than use; and keep your friend under your own life’s key. be check’d for silence, but never tax’d for speech. what heaven more will, that you may furnish and my prayers pluck down, fall on your head! farewell. my lord, ’t's an unseason’d courtier; good my lord, advise him.

Be you blest, Bertram, and succeed your father In manners, as in...

"Love all, trust a few, Do wrong to none." One of the most compressed pieces of life advice in Shakespeare — three short clauses that contain an entire ethical system. It's also a warning: Bertram will fail all three.
LAFEW ≋ verse He will have the best people around him guiding him

He cannot want the best

That shall attend his love.

He cannot want the best That shall attend his love.

he cannot want the best that shall attend h's love.

He cannot want the best That shall attend his love.

COUNTESS I'm blessing him and saying goodbye

Heaven bless him! Farewell, Bertram.

Heaven bless him! Farewell, Bertram.

heaven bless him! farewell, bertram.

Heaven bless him! Farewell, Bertram.

[_Exit Countess._]
BERTRAM I hope your wishes for me become real

The best wishes that can be forg’d in your thoughts be servants to you!

The best wishes that can be forg’d in your thoughts be servants to you!

the best wishes that can be forg’d in your thoughts be servants to you!

The best wishes that can be forg’d in your thoughts be servants...

[_To Helena._] Be comfortable to my mother, your mistress, and make
much of her.
LAFEW You have to live up to your father's reputation

Farewell, pretty lady, you must hold the credit of your father.

Farewell, pretty lady, you must hold the credit of your father.

farewell, pretty lady, you must hold the credit of your father.

Farewell, pretty lady, you must hold the credit of your father.

[_Exeunt Bertram and Lafew._]
HELENA ≋ verse I'm not actually grieving my father—I'm desperate for Bertram, and it's destroying me

O, were that all! I think not on my father,

And these great tears grace his remembrance more

Than those I shed for him. What was he like?

I have forgot him; my imagination

Carries no favour in’t but Bertram’s.

I am undone: there is no living, none,

If Bertram be away. ’Twere all one

That I should love a bright particular star,

And think to wed it, he is so above me.

In his bright radiance and collateral light

Must I be comforted, not in his sphere.

Th’ambition in my love thus plagues itself:

The hind that would be mated by the lion

Must die for love. ’Twas pretty, though a plague,

To see him every hour; to sit and draw

His arched brows, his hawking eye, his curls,

In our heart’s table,—heart too capable

Of every line and trick of his sweet favour.

But now he’s gone, and my idolatrous fancy

Must sanctify his relics. Who comes here?

O, were that all! I think not on my father, And these great tears grace his remembrance more Than those I shed for him. What was he like? I have forgot him; my imagination Carries no favour in’t but Bertram’s. I am undone: there is no living, none, If Bertram be away. ’Twere all one That I should love a bright particular star, And think to wed it, he is so above me. In his bright radiance and collateral light Must I be comforted, not in his sphere. Th’ambition in my love thus plagues itself: The hind that would be mated by the lion Must die for love. ’Twas pretty, though a plague, To see him every hour; to sit and draw His arched brows, his hawking eye, his curls, In our heart’s table,—heart too capable Of every line and trick of his sweet favour. But now he’s gone, and my idolatrous fancy Must sanctify his relics. Who comes here?

o, were that all! i think not on my father, and these great tears grace h's remembrance more than those i shed for him. what was he like? i 've forgot him; my imagination carries no favour in’t but bertram’s. i am undone: there 's no living, none, if bertram be away. ’twere all one that i should love a bright particular star, and think to wed it, he 's so above me. in h's bright radiance and collateral light must i be comforted, not in h's sphere. th’ambition in my love thus plagues itself: the hind that would be mated by the lion must die for love. ’twas pretty, though a plague, to see him every hour; to sit and draw h's arched brows, h's hawking eye, h's curls, in our heart’s table,—heart too capable of every line and trick of h's sweet favour. but now he’s gone, and my idolatrous fancy must sanctify h's relics. who comes here?

O, were that all! I think not on my father, And these...

"I should love a bright particular star, And think to wed it" One of the play's central images: Helena acknowledges the class impossibility directly. A star can warm you, light your way, be beautiful — but you cannot marry it.
"In his bright radiance and collateral light Must I be comforted" 'Collateral' means parallel, alongside — she will warm herself by his reflected light, not stand in his direct beam. She knows exactly what she is to him.
Why it matters Helena's first soliloquy transforms the scene. Everything before it has been about other people's grief; this is about a living desire. She is not the passive ward we've been watching — she is the play's engine.
🎭 Dramatic irony Helena's aside about Parolles — noting he is 'a notorious liar,' 'solely a coward' — gives the audience advance knowledge that Bertram's trusted companion is a fraud. This irony deepens through Act 3.
Enter Parolles.
One that goes with him: I love him for his sake,
And yet I know him a notorious liar,
Think him a great way fool, solely a coward;
Yet these fix’d evils sit so fit in him
That they take place when virtue’s steely bones
Looks bleak i’ th’ cold wind: withal, full oft we see
Cold wisdom waiting on superfluous folly.
First appearance
PAROLLES

Parolles speaks in elaborate, blusterous performance — he name-drops, brags, and fills space with the noise of competence. His speeches often have one grain of truth buried in them. Watch for how easily he caves when anyone pushes back.

PAROLLES I'm greeting Helena with exaggerated flattery

Save you, fair queen!

Save you, fair queen!

save you, fair queen!

Save you, fair queen!

HELENA I'm greeting him back with matching flattery

And you, monarch!

And you, monarch!

and you, monarch!

And you, monarch!

PAROLLES PAROLLES

No.

No.

no.

No.

HELENA I'm continuing the witty exchange

And no.

And no.

and no.

And no.

PAROLLES I'm asking if she's thinking about virginity

Are you meditating on virginity?

Are you meditating on virginity?

're you meditating on virginity?

Are you meditating on virginity?

HELENA I want to understand how women defend their virginity against men

Ay. You have some stain of soldier in you; let me ask you a question.

Man is enemy to virginity; how may we barricado it against him?

Ay. You have some stain of soldier in you; let me ask you a question. Man is enemy to virginity; how may we barricado it against him?

ay. you 've some stain of soldier in you; let me ask you a question. man 's enemy to virginity; how may we barricado it against him?

Ay. You have some stain of soldier in you; let me ask...

PAROLLES PAROLLES is speaking

Keep him out.

Keep him out.

keep him out.

Keep him out.

HELENA HELENA is speaking

But he assails; and our virginity, though valiant, in the defence, yet

is weak. Unfold to us some warlike resistance.

But he assails; and our virginity, though valiant, in the defence, yet is weak. Unfold to us some warlike resistance.

but he assails; and our virginity, though valiant, in the defence, yet 's weak. unfold to us some warlike resistance.

But he assails; and our virginity, though valiant, in the defence, yet...

PAROLLES PAROLLES is speaking

There is none. Man setting down before you will undermine you and blow

you up.

There is none. Man setting down before you will undermine you and blow you up.

there 's none. man setting down before you will undermine you and blow you up.

There is none. Man setting down before you will undermine you and...

"setting down before you will undermine you and blow you up" Military siege terms used sexually: 'setting down before' = laying siege; 'undermine' = dig tunnels under walls; 'blow up' = destroy with gunpowder. The whole speech is one long extended double entendre.
HELENA HELENA is speaking

Bless our poor virginity from underminers and blowers-up! Is there no

military policy how virgins might blow up men?

Bless our poor virginity from underminers and blowers-up! Is there no military policy how virgins might blow up men?

bless our poor virginity from underminers and blowers-up! 's there no military policy how virgins might blow up men?

Bless our poor virginity from underminers and blowers-up! Is there no military...

PAROLLES PAROLLES is speaking

Virginity being blown down, man will quicklier be blown up; marry, in

blowing him down again, with the breach yourselves made, you lose your

city. It is not politic in the commonwealth of nature to preserve

virginity. Loss of virginity is rational increase, and there was never

virgin got till virginity was first lost. That you were made of is

metal to make virgins. Virginity, by being once lost, may be ten times

found; by being ever kept, it is ever lost. ’Tis too cold a companion.

Away with it!

Virginity being blown down, man will quicklier be blown up; marry, in blowing him down again, with the breach yourselves made, you lose your city. It is not politic in the commonwealth of nature to preserve virginity. Loss of virginity is rational increase, and there was never virgin got till virginity was first lost. That you were made of is metal to make virgins. Virginity, by being once lost, may be ten times found; by being ever kept, it is ever lost. ’is too cold a companion. Away with it!

virginity being blown down, man will quicklier be blown up; marry, in blowing him down again, with the breach yourselves made, you lose your city. it 's not politic in the commonwealth of nature to preserve virginity. loss of virginity 's rational increase, and there was never virgin got till virginity was first lost. that you were made of 's metal to make virgins. virginity, by being once lost, may be ten times found; by being ever kept, it 's ever lost. ’t's too cold a companion. away with it!

Virginity being blown down, man will quicklier be blown up; marry, in...

HELENA HELENA is speaking

I will stand for’t a little, though therefore I die a virgin.

I will stand for’t a little, though therefore I die a virgin.

i will stand for’t a little, though therefore i die a virgin.

I will stand for’t a little, though therefore I die a virgin.

PAROLLES PAROLLES is speaking

There’s little can be said in’t; ’tis against the rule of nature. To

speak on the part of virginity is to accuse your mothers; which is most

infallible disobedience. He that hangs himself is a virgin: virginity

murders itself, and should be buried in highways out of all sanctified

limit, as a desperate offendress against nature. Virginity breeds

mites, much like a cheese; consumes itself to the very paring, and so

dies with feeding his own stomach. Besides, virginity is peevish,

proud, idle, made of self-love, which is the most inhibited sin in the

canon. Keep it not; you cannot choose but lose by’t. Out with’t! Within

the year it will make itself two, which is a goodly increase, and the

principal itself not much the worse. Away with it!

There’s little can be said in’t; ’is against the rule of nature. To speak on the part of virginity is to accuse your mothers; which is most infallible disobedience. He that hangs himself is a virgin: virginity murders itself, and should be buried in highways out of all sanctified limit, as a desperate offendress against nature. Virginity breeds mites, much like a cheese; consumes itself to the very paring, and so dies with feeding his own stomach. Besides, virginity is peevish, proud, idle, made of self-love, which is the most inhibited sin in the canon. Keep it not; you cannot choose but lose by’t. Out with’t! Within the year it will make itself two, which is a goodly increase, and the principal itself not much the worse. Away with it!

there’s little can be said in’t; ’t's against the rule of nature. to speak on the part of virginity 's to accuse your mothers; which 's most infallible disobedience. he that hangs himself 's a virgin: virginity murders itself, and should be buried in highways out of all sanctified limit, as a desperate offendress against nature. virginity breeds mites, much like a cheese; consumes itself to the very paring, and so dies with feeding h's own stomach. besides, virginity 's peevish, proud, idle, made of self-love, which 's the most inhibited sin in the canon. keep it not; you cannot choose but lose by’t. out with’t! within the year it will make itself two, which 's a goodly increase, and the principal itself not much the worse. away with it!

There’s little can be said in’t; ’is against the rule of nature....

"Virginity breeds mites, much like a cheese" The cheese metaphor is disgusting on purpose. Old cheese kept too long grows mites — tiny parasites that eat it from within. Parolles is saying virginity kept too long does the same thing to the person keeping it.
HELENA HELENA is speaking

How might one do, sir, to lose it to her own liking?

How might one do, sir, to lose it to her own liking?

how might one do, sir, to lose it to her own liking?

How might one do, sir, to lose it to her own liking?

Why it matters The first hint of Helena's strategic thinking. Everyone else has been philosophizing; she asks the practical question.
PAROLLES PAROLLES is speaking

Let me see. Marry, ill, to like him that ne’er it likes. ’Tis a

commodity will lose the gloss with lying; the longer kept, the less

worth. Off with’t while ’tis vendible; answer the time of request.

Virginity, like an old courtier, wears her cap out of fashion, richly

suited, but unsuitable, just like the brooch and the toothpick, which

wear not now. Your date is better in your pie and your porridge than in

your cheek. And your virginity, your old virginity, is like one of our

French wither’d pears; it looks ill, it eats drily; marry, ’tis a

wither’d pear; it was formerly better; marry, yet ’tis a wither’d pear.

Will you anything with it?

Let me see. Marry, ill, to like him that ne’er it likes. ’is a commodity will lose the gloss with lying; the longer kept, the less worth. Off with’t while ’is vendible; answer the time of request. Virginity, like an old courtier, wears her cap out of fashion, richly suited, but unsuitable, just like the brooch and the toothpick, which wear not now. Your date is better in your pie and your porridge than in your cheek. And your virginity, your old virginity, is like one of our French wither’d pears; it looks ill, it eats drily; marry, ’is a wither’d pear; it was formerly better; marry, yet ’is a wither’d pear. Will you anything with it?

let me see. marry, ill, to like him that ne’er it likes. ’t's a commodity will lose the gloss with lying; the longer kept, the less worth. off with’t while ’t's vendible; answer the time of request. virginity, like an old courtier, wears her cap out of fashion, richly suited, but unsuitable, just like the brooch and the toothpick, which wear not now. your date 's better in your pie and your porridge than in your cheek. and your virginity, your old virginity, 's like one of our french wither’d pears; it looks ill, it eats drily; marry, ’t's a wither’d pear; it was formerly better; marry, yet ’t's a wither’d pear. will you anything with it?

Let me see. Marry, ill, to like him that ne’er it likes....

HELENA ≋ verse HELENA is speaking

Not my virginity yet.

There shall your master have a thousand loves,

A mother, and a mistress, and a friend,

A phoenix, captain, and an enemy,

A guide, a goddess, and a sovereign,

A counsellor, a traitress, and a dear:

His humble ambition, proud humility,

His jarring concord, and his discord dulcet,

His faith, his sweet disaster; with a world

Of pretty, fond, adoptious christendoms

That blinking Cupid gossips. Now shall he—

I know not what he shall. God send him well!

The court’s a learning-place; and he is one.

Not my virginity yet. There shall your master have a thousand loves, A mother, and a mistress, and a friend, A phoenix, captain, and an enemy, A guide, a goddess, and a sovereign, A counsellor, a traitress, and a dear: His humble ambition, proud humility, His jarring concord, and his discord dulcet, His faith, his sweet disaster; with a world Of pretty, fond, adoptious christendoms That blinking Cupid gossips. Now shall he— I know not what he shall. God send him well! The court’s a learning-place; and he is one.

not my virginity yet. there shall your master 've a thousand loves, a mother, and a mistress, and a friend, a phoenix, captain, and an enemy, a guide, a goddess, and a sovereign, a counsellor, a traitress, and a dear: h's humble ambition, proud humility, h's jarring concord, and h's discord dulcet, h's faith, h's sweet disaster; with a world of pretty, fond, adoptious christendoms that blinking cupid gossips. now shall he— i know not what he shall. god send him well! the court’s a learning-place; and he 's one.

Not my virginity yet. There shall your master have a thousand loves,...

"A mother, and a mistress, and a friend, A phoenix, captain, and an enemy" Helena is describing the contradictions of how one person can be everything to you — lover, enemy, saint, disaster. She is also, obliquely, describing herself: she is or wants to be every one of these things to Bertram.
Why it matters The speech turns unexpectedly serious — Helena has been playing the wit game, but here the voice drops and something real shows through. 'I know not what he shall. God send him well' is grief disguised as nonchalance.
PAROLLES PAROLLES is speaking

What one, i’ faith?

What one, i’ faith?

what one, i’ faith?

What one, i’ faith?

HELENA HELENA is speaking

That I wish well. ’Tis pity—

That I wish well. ’is pity—

that i wish well. ’t's pity—

That I wish well. ’is pity—

PAROLLES PAROLLES is speaking

What’s pity?

What’s pity?

what’s pity?

What’s pity?

HELENA ≋ verse HELENA is speaking

That wishing well had not a body in’t

Which might be felt, that we, the poorer born,

Whose baser stars do shut us up in wishes,

Might with effects of them follow our friends,

And show what we alone must think, which never

Returns us thanks.

That wishing well had not a body in’t Which might be felt, that we, the poorer born, Whose baser stars do shut us up in wishes, Might with effects of them follow our friends, And show what we alone must think, which never Returns us thanks.

that wishing well had not a body in’t which might be felt, that we, the poorer born, whose baser stars do shut us up in wishes, might with effects of them follow our friends, and show what we alone must think, which never returns us thanks.

That wishing well had not a body in’t Which might be felt,...

Enter a Page.
PAGE PAGE is speaking

Monsieur Parolles, my lord calls for you.

Monsieur Parolles, my lord calls for you.

monsieur parolles, my lord calls for you.

Monsieur Parolles, my lord calls for you.

[_Exit Page._]
PAROLLES PAROLLES is speaking

Little Helen, farewell. If I can remember thee, I will think of thee at

court.

Little Helen, farewell. If I can remember you, I will think of you at court.

little helen, farewell. if i can remember you, i will think of you at court.

Little Helen, farewell. If I can remember you, I will think of...

HELENA HELENA is speaking

Monsieur Parolles, you were born under a charitable star.

Monsieur Parolles, you were born under a charitable star.

monsieur parolles, you were born under a charitable star.

Monsieur Parolles, you were born under a charitable star.

PAROLLES PAROLLES is speaking

Under Mars, I.

Under Mars, I.

under mars, i.

Under Mars, I.

HELENA HELENA is speaking

I especially think, under Mars.

I especially think, under Mars.

i especially think, under mars.

I especially think, under Mars.

PAROLLES PAROLLES is speaking

Why under Mars?

Why under Mars?

why under mars?

Why under Mars?

HELENA HELENA is speaking

The wars hath so kept you under, that you must needs be born under

Mars.

The wars has so kept you under, that you must needs be born under Mars.

the wars has so kept you under, that you must needs be born under mars.

The wars has so kept you under, that you must needs be...

"The wars hath so kept you under" 'Under Mars' should mean born under the planet's influence, making you a great soldier. Helena twists it: the wars have kept him under — beneath — everyone. He's been under, not over.
PAROLLES PAROLLES is speaking

When he was predominant.

When he was predominant.

when he was predominant.

When he was predominant.

HELENA HELENA is speaking

When he was retrograde, I think rather.

When he was retrograde, I think rather.

when he was retrograde, i think rather.

When he was retrograde, I think rather.

PAROLLES PAROLLES is speaking

Why think you so?

Why think you so?

why think you so?

Why think you so?

HELENA HELENA is speaking

You go so much backward when you fight.

You go so much backward when you fight.

you go so much backward when you fight.

You go so much backward when you fight.

PAROLLES PAROLLES is speaking

That’s for advantage.

That’s for advantage.

that’s for advantage.

That’s for advantage.

HELENA HELENA is speaking

So is running away, when fear proposes the safety: but the composition

that your valour and fear makes in you is a virtue of a good wing, and

I like the wear well.

So is running away, when fear proposes the safety: but the composition that your valour and fear makes in you is a virtue of a good wing, and I like the wear well.

so 's running away, when fear proposes the safety: but the composition that your valour and fear makes in you 's a virtue of a good wing, and i like the wear well.

So is running away, when fear proposes the safety: but the composition...

PAROLLES PAROLLES is speaking

I am so full of business I cannot answer thee acutely. I will return

perfect courtier; in the which my instruction shall serve to naturalize

thee, so thou wilt be capable of a courtier’s counsel, and understand

what advice shall thrust upon thee; else thou diest in thine

unthankfulness, and thine ignorance makes thee away. Farewell. When

thou hast leisure, say thy prayers; when thou hast none, remember thy

friends. Get thee a good husband, and use him as he uses thee. So,

farewell.

I am so full of business I cannot answer you acutely. I will return perfect courtier; in the which my instruction shall serve to naturalize you, so you will be capable of a courtier’s counsel, and understand what advice shall thrust upon you; else you diest in yours unthankfulness, and yours ignorance makes you away. Farewell. When you hast leisure, say your prayers; when you hast none, remember your friends. Get you a good husband, and use him as he uses you. So, farewell.

i am so full of business i cannot answer you acutely. i will return perfect courtier; in the which my instruction shall serve to naturalize you, so you will be capable of a courtier’s counsel, and understand what advice shall thrust upon you; else you diest in yours unthankfulness, and yours ignorance makes you away. farewell. when you hast leisure, say your prayers; when you hast none, remember your friends. get you a good husband, and use him as he uses you. so, farewell.

I am so full of business I cannot answer you acutely. I...

[_Exit._]
HELENA ≋ verse HELENA is speaking

Our remedies oft in ourselves do lie,

Which we ascribe to heaven: the fated sky

Gives us free scope; only doth backward pull

Our slow designs when we ourselves are dull.

What power is it which mounts my love so high,

That makes me see, and cannot feed mine eye?

The mightiest space in fortune nature brings

To join like likes, and kiss like native things.

Impossible be strange attempts to those

That weigh their pains in sense, and do suppose

What hath been cannot be. Who ever strove

To show her merit that did miss her love?

The king’s disease,—my project may deceive me,

But my intents are fix’d, and will not leave me.

Our remedies oft in ourselves do lie, Which we ascribe to heaven: the fated sky Gives us free scope; only does backward pull Our slow designs when we ourselves are dull. What power is it which mounts my love so high, That makes me see, and cannot feed mine eye? The mightiest space in fortune nature brings To join like likes, and kiss like native things. Impossible be strange attempts to those That weigh their pains in sense, and do suppose What has been cannot be. Who ever strove To show her merit that did miss her love? The king’s disease,—my project may deceive me, But my intents are fix’d, and will not leave me.

our remedies oft in ourselves do lie, which we ascribe to heaven: the fated sky gives us free scope; only does backward pull our slow designs when we ourselves 're dull. what power 's it which mounts my love so high, that makes me see, and cannot feed mine eye? the mightiest space in fortune nature brings to join like likes, and kiss like native things. impossible be strange attempts to those that weigh their pains in sense, and do suppose what has been cannot be. who ever strove to show her merit that did miss her love? the king’s disease,—my project may deceive me, but my intents 're fix’d, and will not leave me.

Our remedies oft in ourselves do lie, Which we ascribe to heaven:...

"Our remedies oft in ourselves do lie, Which we ascribe to heaven" Helena reverses the common Elizabethan fatalism — instead of 'God willing,' she says we have more agency than we admit. This is the philosophical spine of the play.
Why it matters This closing soliloquy is where the plot is born. Helena announces her intention to go to Paris, cure the king, and claim Bertram as her reward — and she frames it as a philosophy: we make our own remedies.
[_Exit._]

The Reckoning

The play begins in black. Everyone is grieving something: the Countess her husband, Bertram his father, the King his health. But Helena is grieving a different kind of loss — the gap between who she is and who she loves. When Parolles arrives and the conversation turns to virginity, we see her wit, her intelligence, and the buried plan beginning to form. The scene ends with Helena alone, deciding: she will not accept the destiny her birth has written for her.

If this happened today…

Picture the reading of a will in a law office. The family is there in black. A young woman who grew up in the house — daughter of the deceased family doctor, basically a ward — sits quietly at the back while the wealthy son prepares to leave for his prestigious internship at the family's patron's firm. Once everyone else is gone, she pulls out her phone and texts her best friend: 'I haven't been thinking about my dad at all. I've been thinking about HIM.' Then the son's obnoxious hype-man friend shows up and spends fifteen minutes explaining why being a virgin is bad investment strategy. She mostly lets him talk, asks the one question she actually wanted to ask, and then sits back down alone to work out a plan.

Continue to 1.2 →