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Act 1, Scene 1 — Rossillon. A room in the Countess’s palace.
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The argument The recently widowed Countess of Rossillon sends her son Bertram to the French court, while her ward Helena reveals — alone on stage — that her tears are not for her dead father but for the man she can never have.
Enter Bertram, the Countess of Rossillon, Helena, and Lafew, all in
black.
First appearance
COUNTESS

The Countess speaks with the authority of someone who has earned the right to say hard things gently. She gives advice in aphorisms ('Love all, trust a few, do wrong to none') and observes more than she lets on — watch for the gap between what she says and what she already knows.

COUNTESS [Sending my son away feels like losing another husband to death]

In delivering my son from me, I bury a second husband.

By sending my son away, I feel like I'm burying a second husband.

Losing my son to the king feels like losing another husband.

sending him away feels like burying another husband

Why it matters The play opens in mourning — and the Countess's first line collapses the two losses (husband, son's departure) into one, establishing the theme of love as loss that runs through everything that follows.
First appearance
BERTRAM

Bertram speaks in short bursts — he's not a talker. His silence often conceals resistance; when he does speak, it tends to be complaint or capitulation. Watch for the moments when he says the least and means the most.

BERTRAM [Leaving revives all the grief of losing my father]

And I in going, madam, weep o’er my father’s death anew; but I must

attend his majesty’s command, to whom I am now in ward, evermore in

subjection.

And I, in leaving you, madam, grieve anew over my father's death; but I must obey the king's orders, to whom I am now a ward, and remain always in his authority.

And leaving you, madam, brings back my grief over my father—but I have to obey the king now. He's my guardian, and I answer to him completely.

leaving reminds me of dad but i have to serve the king now

"in ward, evermore in subjection" Wardship was a real feudal institution — noble minors whose fathers died became legally controlled by the king, who could profit from their estates and arrange their marriages. Bertram has no freedom here.
First appearance
LAFEW

Lafew is the play's most reliable judge of character — he sizes people up correctly and immediately, and he says so whether it's welcome or not. Watch for the moments when he is the only person in a scene who is telling the truth.

LAFEW [The King will be Bertram's father, and his virtue is reliable]

You shall find of the king a husband, madam; you, sir, a father. He

that so generally is at all times good, must of necessity hold his

virtue to you, whose worthiness would stir it up where it wanted,

rather than lack it where there is such abundance.

You will find in the king a husband, madam; and you, sir, a father. He who is consistently good at all times must necessarily maintain his kindness toward you, whose worthiness would awaken it where it was needed, rather than fail where there is such abundance.

The king will be like a husband to you, madam, and like a father to you, sir. Since he's always good to everyone, he'll definitely treat you both well—your worth alone would bring out his kindness.

king will be your husband madam, your father sir. he's always good so you got this

COUNTESS [I'm desperate for hope that the King might recover]

What hope is there of his majesty’s amendment?

Is there any hope for the king's recovery?

Do you think the king will get better?

can the king even be cured

LAFEW [The King abandoned hope because it hurt too much to lose it over time]

He hath abandon’d his physicians, madam; under whose practices he hath

persecuted time with hope, and finds no other advantage in the process

but only the losing of hope by time.

He has given up his doctors, madam; under their treatment he pursued time with hope, and finds no benefit in the process except the loss of hope as time passes.

He's stopped seeing doctors, madam. He followed their treatments hoping to get better, but all he's gotten is disappointment—he just lost hope over time.

he fired his doctors. nothing worked anyway just lost hope

COUNTESS [Helena's father could have cured the King—his death is a loss I can't accept]

This young gentlewoman had a father—O that “had!”, how sad a passage

’tis!—whose skill was almost as great as his honesty; had it stretch’d

so far, would have made nature immortal, and death should have play for

lack of work. Would for the king’s sake he were living! I think it

would be the death of the king’s disease.

This young lady's father—oh, the sadness of that loss!—was nearly as skilled as he was honest. If his medical skill had matched his integrity, he would have made people live forever, and death would have nothing left to do. I wish he were alive for the king's sake! I think he could cure the king's disease.

This girl's father was so skilled and so honest—it's tragic we lost him. If he'd been as good at medicine as he was at living right, he'd have made people immortal. God, I wish he were here for the king! He could save the king's life.

her dad was brilliant and good. if he were here he'd save the king

LAFEW [Tell me who this miraculous doctor was]

How called you the man you speak of, madam?

What is the name of the man you're speaking of, madam?

Who was he, madam? What's his name?

who was he though

COUNTESS [His name was Gerard de Narbon, and he truly deserved his fame]

He was famous, sir, in his profession, and it was his great right to be

so: Gerard de Narbon.

He was famous, sir, in his profession, and deserved to be: Gerard de Narbon.

He was famous, sir, and rightly so. His name was Gerard de Narbon.

gerard de narbon. really famous

LAFEW [He was excellent, and we all wish he were still here]

He was excellent indeed, madam; the king very lately spoke of him

admiringly, and mourningly; he was skilful enough to have liv’d still,

if knowledge could be set up against mortality.

He was excellent indeed, madam; the king spoke of him recently with great admiration and sorrow; he was skilled enough that he could have lived still, if knowledge could stand against death.

He really was, madam. The king was just talking about him—with admiration and sadness. He was so talented, he might never have died if skill could stop death.

king mentioned him. great guy. too smart to die if that was possible

BERTRAM [I want to know what disease is afflicting the King]

What is it, my good lord, the king languishes of?

What is it that the king suffers from, my good lord?

What exactly is wrong with the king, sir?

what's the king got

LAFEW [It's a medical condition called a fistula]

A fistula, my lord.

He has a fistula, my lord.

It's a fistula, sir.

its a wound thing

"A fistula, my lord." This was almost certainly an anal fistula — painful, disfiguring, incurable by Renaissance medicine, and embarrassing for a king. Henri IV of France famously suffered from one. Shakespeare picks this disease deliberately: a great king brought low by something undignified.
BERTRAM [I wasn't aware of this before]

I heard not of it before.

I hadn't heard of it before.

I hadn't heard about that before.

didn't know that

LAFEW [I hope this isn't widely known, and I'm curious about Helena's parentage]

I would it were not notorious. Was this gentlewoman the daughter of

Gerard de Narbon?

I wish it weren't so well known. Was this young lady the daughter of Gerard de Narbon?

I wish it weren't so public. Is this girl Gerard de Narbon's daughter?

wish nobody knew that. is she gerard's kid

COUNTESS [Yes, she's his only child, and I've taken responsibility for raising her]

His sole child, my lord, and bequeathed to my overlooking. I have those

hopes of her good that her education promises her dispositions she

inherits, which makes fair gifts fairer; for where an unclean mind

carries virtuous qualities, there commendations go with pity, they are

virtues and traitors too. In her they are the better for their

simpleness; she derives her honesty, and achieves her goodness.

His only child, my lord, and left under my care. I have such hopes for her goodness because her education promises what her nature already gives her—good qualities that become even better with virtue; for when a deceitful mind carries good traits, they're admired but pitied, both virtues and betrayals. In her they're pure goodness; she gets her honesty naturally, and earns her goodness through character.

His only daughter, my lord. I'm raising her, and I've every confidence she'll be good. Her education builds on her nature—she has good instincts, and virtue makes them shine. When bad people have good qualities, we pity them for it. But in her, everything's genuine—she's honest by nature and becomes good through her own choices.

his only kid. im raising her. shes naturally good and works to be better

LAFEW [Your praise of her seems to come from her own tears]

Your commendations, madam, get from her tears.

Your praise of her comes through in her tears, madam.

Her tears speak to how highly you think of her, madam.

she's crying cos of what you said about her

COUNTESS [Her tears preserve her reputation, but she's showing her sorrow too much now]

’Tis the best brine a maiden can season her praise in. The remembrance

of her father never approaches her heart but the tyranny of her sorrows

takes all livelihood from her cheek. No more of this, Helena; go to, no

more, lest it be rather thought you affect a sorrow than to have.

Tears are the best seasoning for a girl's good reputation. The moment she remembers her father, sorrow takes all color from her face. No more of this, Helena; come now, no more—or people will think you're acting sad rather than truly grieving.

Tears show what you're worth. Every time she thinks of her father, grief drains her face. Enough, Helena—stop or people will think you're just performing sadness, not actually suffering.

tears show how good you are. but stop or theyll think youre faking it

First appearance
HELENA

Helena speaks differently in company versus alone — in company she deflects and is modest; in soliloquy she is fierce, precise, and completely sure of herself. Watch for the shift between these two registers as the play unfolds.

HELENA [I'm genuinely grieving—this isn't an act]

I do affect a sorrow indeed, but I have it too.

I am acting sad, yes, but I truly feel sadness too.

I might look sad, but I really am sad.

im sad for real tho

Why it matters Helena's first real line — and it's already a double meaning. She is performing grief for her father, yes. But the real sorrow is the loss of Bertram. She tells the truth in a way no one around her understands.
🎭 Dramatic irony Helena tells the Countess 'I do affect a sorrow indeed, but I have it too' — she is openly confessing that her grief is double, but the Countess interprets it as grief for her father. The audience (and re-readers) recognize that Helena is talking about Bertram.
LAFEW [Moderate grief honors the dead, but excessive grief harms the living]

Moderate lamentation is the right of the dead; excessive grief the

enemy to the living.

Measured grief is what the dead deserve; excessive sorrow harms the living.

Reasonable grief honors the dead. But too much grief hurts the people still alive.

some sadness is good. too much hurts you

COUNTESS [If grief harms the living, then excess grief becomes fatal]

If the living be enemy to the grief, the excess makes it soon mortal.

If grief becomes the enemy to the living, excess grief soon becomes deadly.

But if grief turns against the living, then too much grief kills them.

but too much grief actually kills you

BERTRAM [I ask you for your blessing as I leave]

Madam, I desire your holy wishes.

Madam, I ask for your prayers.

Madam, I ask for your blessing.

pray for me madam

LAFEW [What does he mean by that request?]

How understand we that?

What do you mean by that?

What do you mean?

huh

COUNTESS ≋ verse [I'm blessing him and commanding him to be virtuous like his father]

Be thou blest, Bertram, and succeed thy father

In manners, as in shape! Thy blood and virtue

Contend for empire in thee, and thy goodness

Share with thy birthright! Love all, trust a few,

Do wrong to none. Be able for thine enemy

Rather in power than use; and keep thy friend

Under thy own life’s key. Be check’d for silence,

But never tax’d for speech. What heaven more will,

That thee may furnish and my prayers pluck down,

Fall on thy head! Farewell. My lord,

’Tis an unseason’d courtier; good my lord,

Advise him.

Be blessed, Bertram, and follow your father in behavior as well as in appearance! Your blood and your goodness contest for rule in you, and let your goodness share your noble birth! Love everyone, trust few, wrong no one. Against your enemy be strong in power, not in action; and keep your friend under your own control. Accept silence without complaint, but never be blamed for speaking. Whatever heaven wishes, that you might gain and my prayers draw down, fall on your head! Goodbye. My lord, he's an inexperienced courtier; please my lord, advise him.

Be blessed, Bertram, and be like your father in how you act as well as how you look. You've got two things fighting inside you—your noble blood and your goodness—so let goodness win. Love many, trust few, hurt no one. Be ready against enemies through power, not cruelty; and keep your friends close. Accept being told to be quiet without complaining, but never take blame for speaking truthfully. May heaven give you what you need, and may my prayers reach you—all of that on your head! Goodbye. My lord, he's new to court; please, teach him how things work.

be like your dad. love everyone but trust few. be strong not mean. keep friends close. may god help you. teach him courtier stuff

"Love all, trust a few, Do wrong to none." One of the most compressed pieces of life advice in Shakespeare — three short clauses that contain an entire ethical system. It's also a warning: Bertram will fail all three.
LAFEW ≋ verse [He will have the best people around him guiding him]

He cannot want the best

That shall attend his love.

He won't lack the best that love can provide.

He'll have everything good that love can give him.

hell get the best

COUNTESS [I'm blessing him and saying goodbye]

Heaven bless him! Farewell, Bertram.

Heaven bless him! Goodbye, Bertram.

God bless you! Goodbye, Bertram.

goodbye bertram

[_Exit Countess._]
BERTRAM [politely returning the goodwill]

The best wishes that can be forg’d in your thoughts be servants to you!

May the best wishes that can exist in your heart be servants to you!

May all the good wishes you have in your heart stay with you!

your good wishes stay w you

BERTRAM [kindly, brotherly to Helena]

[_To Helena._] Be comfortable to my mother, your mistress, and make

much of her.

Be a comfort to my mother, your mistress, and take good care of her.

Look after my mom, would you? Be kind to her and keep her company while I'm gone.

take care of my mom be good to her

LAFEW [fond, avuncular farewell]

Farewell, pretty lady, you must hold the credit of your father.

Goodbye, pretty lady, you must live up to your father's reputation.

Goodbye, pretty lady. You have to be as good as your father was.

bye girl. be like your dad

[_Exeunt Bertram and Lafew._]
HELENA ≋ verse [I'm not actually grieving my father—I'm desperate for Bertram, and it's destroying me]

O, were that all! I think not on my father,

And these great tears grace his remembrance more

Than those I shed for him. What was he like?

I have forgot him; my imagination

Carries no favour in’t but Bertram’s.

I am undone: there is no living, none,

If Bertram be away. ’Twere all one

That I should love a bright particular star,

And think to wed it, he is so above me.

In his bright radiance and collateral light

Must I be comforted, not in his sphere.

Th’ambition in my love thus plagues itself:

The hind that would be mated by the lion

Must die for love. ’Twas pretty, though a plague,

To see him every hour; to sit and draw

His arched brows, his hawking eye, his curls,

In our heart’s table,—heart too capable

Of every line and trick of his sweet favour.

But now he’s gone, and my idolatrous fancy

Must sanctify his relics. Who comes here?

Oh, if only that were all! I don't think about my father, and these great tears honor his memory more than those I cried for him. What was he like? I've forgotten him; my mind holds no image of him but Bertram's. I'm destroyed: there's no life for me, none at all, if Bertram is away. It would be just as hopeless for me to love a bright particular star, and think to marry it—he's so far above me. In his bright radiance and reflected light I must find comfort, not standing as his equal. My love's own ambition destroys itself this way: the doe that wants to mate with the lion must die from love. It was sweet to see him every hour; to sit and draw his arched eyebrows, his keen eye, his curls, in my heart's memory—a heart that holds every line and feature of his lovely face. But now he's gone, and my worshipful fancy must treasure his memory. Who comes here?

Oh, I wish it were just about my father! But I don't even think about him anymore, and honestly I've cried more for him than I actually feel. What did he even look like? I can't remember. All I see is Bertram in my head. That's it for me—I can't live if he's not around. It's like trying to marry a star in the sky; he's just too far above me. I can only feel anything when his light touches me, like living in his shadow. My own love destroys me: it's like a doe trying to mate with a lion—you'll die doing it. When I could see him every day, I'd sit and draw his face over and over from memory. Now he's gone, and all I can do is hold onto thoughts of him. Who's that coming?

i dont even think about my dad. all i see is bertram. cant live without him. hes too good for me. ive been drawing his face over and over. now hes gone

"I should love a bright particular star, And think to wed it" One of the play's central images: Helena acknowledges the class impossibility directly. A star can warm you, light your way, be beautiful — but you cannot marry it.
"In his bright radiance and collateral light Must I be comforted" 'Collateral' means parallel, alongside — she will warm herself by his reflected light, not stand in his direct beam. She knows exactly what she is to him.
Why it matters Helena's first soliloquy transforms the scene. Everything before it has been about other people's grief; this is about a living desire. She is not the passive ward we've been watching — she is the play's engine.
🎭 Dramatic irony Helena's aside about Parolles — noting he is 'a notorious liar,' 'solely a coward' — gives the audience advance knowledge that Bertram's trusted companion is a fraud. This irony deepens through Act 3.
Enter Parolles.
HELENA ≋ verse [loving Parolles only as Bertram's shadow]

One that goes with him: I love him for his sake,

And yet I know him a notorious liar,

Think him a great way fool, solely a coward;

Yet these fix’d evils sit so fit in him

That they take place when virtue’s steely bones

Looks bleak i’ th’ cold wind: withal, full oft we see

Cold wisdom waiting on superfluous folly.

One who travels with him: I love him because he's connected to Bertram, and yet I know he's a notorious liar, I think him a great fool and utter coward. Yet these permanent flaws fit him so well that they succeed where virtue's strong character looks weak and pale in the harsh world. Indeed, we often see cold wisdom ignored while frivolous folly takes center stage.

He's one of Bertram's companions, and I like him for that reason. But I know he's a well-known liar, a total fool, and a coward. Somehow his flaws work for him though—his foolishness looks good while genuine virtue just looks weak and pale by comparison. We see it all the time—real wisdom gets sidelined while fake confidence and foolishness get all the attention.

follows bertram he's a liar fool coward but his flaws look better than virtue folly beats wisdom

First appearance
PAROLLES

Parolles speaks in elaborate, blusterous performance — he name-drops, brags, and fills space with the noise of competence. His speeches often have one grain of truth buried in them. Watch for how easily he caves when anyone pushes back.

PAROLLES [I'm greeting Helena with exaggerated flattery]

Save you, fair queen!

I greet you, fair queen!

Hello, fair queen!

hey queen

HELENA [I'm greeting him back with matching flattery]

And you, monarch!

And you, monarch!

and you, monarch!

And you, monarch!

PAROLLES [playfully deflecting her mock title]

No.

No.

no.

No.

HELENA [I'm continuing the witty exchange]

And no.

And no.

and no.

And no.

PAROLLES [I'm asking if she's thinking about virginity]

Are you meditating on virginity?

Are you thinking about virginity?

Are you thinking about staying a virgin?

thinking about staying virgin

HELENA [I want to understand how women defend their virginity against men]

Ay. You have some stain of soldier in you; let me ask you a question.

Man is enemy to virginity; how may we barricado it against him?

Yes. You have some military experience; let me ask you a question. Men are the enemies of virginity; how can we protect it against them?

Yeah. You know about war—let me ask you something. Men are virginity's enemy; how do we defend against them?

you seem military. so how do we keep guys away from our virginity

PAROLLES [teasing her with a bawdy jab]

Keep him out.

Keep him out.

keep him out.

Keep him out.

HELENA [pressing him, half in earnest]

But he assails; and our virginity, though valiant, in the defence, yet

is weak. Unfold to us some warlike resistance.

But he attacks; and though our virginity is brave in defense, it's still weak. Tell us what military strategy we can use.

But he'll attack. Our virginity fights hard, but we're still vulnerable. What's our military strategy against that?

but theyll attack. we cant actually defend ourselves

PAROLLES [relishing the bawdy military metaphor]

There is none. Man setting down before you will undermine you and blow

you up.

There's no defense. A man laying siege to you will dig under your walls and blow you up.

There's no defense. When a man attacks you like a siege, he'll tunnel under your walls and destroy you.

no defense. hes gonna tunnel and blow u up

"setting down before you will undermine you and blow you up" Military siege terms used sexually: 'setting down before' = laying siege; 'undermine' = dig tunnels under walls; 'blow up' = destroy with gunpowder. The whole speech is one long extended double entendre.
HELENA [playing along with mock alarm]

Bless our poor virginity from underminers and blowers-up! Is there no

military policy how virgins might blow up men?

Protect our poor virginity from those who dig under and blow up! Is there no military strategy by which virgins could blow up men?

Protect us from those tunnelers and bombers! Isn't there any military tactic where we virgins could blow up the men instead?

save us from being blown up! cant we blow them up instead

PAROLLES [lecturing her with cynical relish]

Virginity being blown down, man will quicklier be blown up; marry, in

blowing him down again, with the breach yourselves made, you lose your

city. It is not politic in the commonwealth of nature to preserve

virginity. Loss of virginity is rational increase, and there was never

virgin got till virginity was first lost. That you were made of is

metal to make virgins. Virginity, by being once lost, may be ten times

found; by being ever kept, it is ever lost. ’Tis too cold a companion.

Away with it!

When virginity is destroyed, a man will be blown up even faster; but by blowing him down again in the breach you've made, you lose your city. It's not natural for the commonwealth to keep virginity. Loss of virginity is natural growth, and no virgin ever was born until virginity was already lost somewhere. You are made from the same material that creates virgins. Virginity, once lost, can be found ten times over; if always kept, it is always wasted. It's too cold a companion. Get rid of it!

Once virginity falls, men fall even faster; but when you blow them down through the hole you've made, you lose your fortress. It doesn't make sense in nature to preserve virginity. Losing virginity is how life continues, and no virgin was ever born until virginity was first lost. You're made of the same stuff that makes virgins. Virginity, lost once, can be regained ten times; if kept forever, it's wasted forever. It's a lonely, cold thing. Throw it away!

lose virginity then guys fall faster. but you lose your city doing it. its not natural anyway. you are made to make babies. lose it or waste it

HELENA [stubbornly holding her ground, half joking]

I will stand for’t a little, though therefore I die a virgin.

I'll defend it a little while, though I die unmarried because of it.

I'm going to hold onto it for a while, even if I end up alone because of it.

im keeping it even if im alone forever

PAROLLES [pressing his cynical argument further]

There’s little can be said in’t; ’tis against the rule of nature. To

speak on the part of virginity is to accuse your mothers; which is most

infallible disobedience. He that hangs himself is a virgin: virginity

murders itself, and should be buried in highways out of all sanctified

limit, as a desperate offendress against nature. Virginity breeds

mites, much like a cheese; consumes itself to the very paring, and so

dies with feeding his own stomach. Besides, virginity is peevish,

proud, idle, made of self-love, which is the most inhibited sin in the

canon. Keep it not; you cannot choose but lose by’t. Out with’t! Within

the year it will make itself two, which is a goodly increase, and the

principal itself not much the worse. Away with it!

There's little to say about that; it goes against nature. To defend virginity is to accuse your mothers of disobedience to nature. A man who hangs himself is a virgin: virginity destroys itself and should be buried in wastelands, outside all sacred ground, as a desperate criminal against nature. Virginity breeds worms, like spoiling cheese; it consumes itself down to nothing and dies eating itself. Besides, virginity is moody, proud, idle, made of self-love, which is the most forbidden sin there is. Don't keep it; you can only lose by keeping it. Get rid of it! Within the year it will make itself two, which is good increase, and the original itself not much the worse for it. Get rid of it!

There's nothing good to say for it—it goes against nature. Saying virginity is good is calling your mothers unnatural. A person who kills themselves is like virginity: it's suicide against nature and should be thrown in a ditch, nowhere sacred. Virginity is like a rotting cheese—it grows worms, eats itself, and dies alone. And virgins are moody, proud, lazy, all wrapped up in themselves, which is literally the worst sin. Don't keep it—you only lose by keeping it. Let it go! In a year it turns into two—that's great for the world. The original you hasn't lost much. Let it go!

virgin isnt natural. its like suicide. rots like cheese. virgins are just proud selfish. lose it. youll make more anyway

"Virginity breeds mites, much like a cheese" The cheese metaphor is disgusting on purpose. Old cheese kept too long grows mites — tiny parasites that eat it from within. Parolles is saying virginity kept too long does the same thing to the person keeping it.
HELENA [steering the banter toward her real longing]

How might one do, sir, to lose it to her own liking?

How might one go about losing it in a way she chooses?

How would I lose it on my own terms?

how do i pick who i lose it to

Why it matters The first hint of Helena's strategic thinking. Everyone else has been philosophizing; she asks the practical question.
PAROLLES [offering mock-practical advice]

Let me see. Marry, ill, to like him that ne’er it likes. ’Tis a

commodity will lose the gloss with lying; the longer kept, the less

worth. Off with’t while ’tis vendible; answer the time of request.

Virginity, like an old courtier, wears her cap out of fashion, richly

suited, but unsuitable, just like the brooch and the toothpick, which

wear not now. Your date is better in your pie and your porridge than in

your cheek. And your virginity, your old virginity, is like one of our

French wither’d pears; it looks ill, it eats drily; marry, ’tis a

wither’d pear; it was formerly better; marry, yet ’tis a wither’d pear.

Will you anything with it?

Let me think. The problem is, she'd have to choose someone she doesn't even like. It's a thing that loses its shine the longer it's kept; the longer you hold it, the less it's worth. Get rid of it while it still has value; answer the call when it comes. Virginity, like an old-fashioned courtier, wears her hat out of style, richly dressed but not suited, just like the old brooch and toothpick that nobody wears anymore. Your freshness is better used in pies and porridge than on your face. And your virginity—your old virginity—is like one of those withered French pears; it looks bad, tastes dry; truly, it's a withered pear; it was once better; but still, it's a withered pear. What can I do for you with it?

Let me see. The hard part is liking the guy enough. It's merchandise that gets worse the longer you keep it; the older it gets, the cheaper it becomes. Sell it while it's still worth something; be ready when the buyer comes. Virginity is like an out-of-fashion courtier—all richly dressed but nobody respects it anymore, like old jewelry nobody wears. You'd look fresher in a pie than on your face. And your virginity—your old worn-out virginity—is like a dried-up French pear; it's ugly, tastes like nothing, and yes, it's a withered pear. It used to be better, but now it's still just a sad dried pear. So what do you want to do with it?

problem is liking the guy. your freshness gets worse over time. sell it while its worth something. its like old stale pear nobody wants

HELENA ≋ verse [turning wistful, thinking only of Bertram]

Not my virginity yet.

There shall your master have a thousand loves,

A mother, and a mistress, and a friend,

A phoenix, captain, and an enemy,

A guide, a goddess, and a sovereign,

A counsellor, a traitress, and a dear:

His humble ambition, proud humility,

His jarring concord, and his discord dulcet,

His faith, his sweet disaster; with a world

Of pretty, fond, adoptious christendoms

That blinking Cupid gossips. Now shall he—

I know not what he shall. God send him well!

The court’s a learning-place; and he is one.

Not my virginity yet. There will your master find a thousand loves, a mother, and a mistress, and a friend, a phoenix, a captain, and an enemy, a guide, a goddess, and a sovereign, a counselor, a traitor, and a love: his humble pride, proud humility, his clashing harmony, and his sweet discord, his faith, his sweet disaster; with a world of pretty, foolish, false names for love that blind Cupid whispers. Now will he— I don't know what he'll become. God send him well! The court's a school; and he is just beginning.

Not yet, though. Your master will have a thousand things waiting for him— a mother's love, a mistress, a friend, a phoenix, a warrior, an enemy, a guide, a goddess, a sovereign, a counselor, a traitor, a lover: his pride will humble him and humble him with pride, his conflicts will harmonize and harmonize in conflict, his faith and his beautiful disasters; all those pretty names for love that blind Cupid talks about. Now what'll he become? I have no idea. God keep him safe! Court is his education; he's just learning.

not my virginity. he got a thousand things waiting—lovers, friends, enemies, guides, goddesses, traitors. hes gonna learn some stuff at court

"A mother, and a mistress, and a friend, A phoenix, captain, and an enemy" Helena is describing the contradictions of how one person can be everything to you — lover, enemy, saint, disaster. She is also, obliquely, describing herself: she is or wants to be every one of these things to Bertram.
Why it matters The speech turns unexpectedly serious — Helena has been playing the wit game, but here the voice drops and something real shows through. 'I know not what he shall. God send him well' is grief disguised as nonchalance.
PAROLLES [curious, sensing she means someone real]

What one, i’ faith?

Which one are you talking about?

Who exactly do you mean?

which one

HELENA [catching herself, almost confessing her love]

That I wish well. ’Tis pity—

The one I wish well. The pity—

The one I hope does well. The sad part is—

the one i hope for. its sad

PAROLLES [prodding her to finish her thought]

What’s pity?

What’s pity?

what’s pity?

What’s pity?

HELENA ≋ verse [aching that her wishes can't reach him]

That wishing well had not a body in’t

Which might be felt, that we, the poorer born,

Whose baser stars do shut us up in wishes,

Might with effects of them follow our friends,

And show what we alone must think, which never

Returns us thanks.

That good wishes had no physical form so that we, the poor and common-born, whose lower fate limits us to mere wishes, could actually act on them and follow our friends, and show what we can only think about, which they never know to thank us for.

That I wish had a body— so that we, born poor and lower, whose fate leaves us with just hopes and wishes, could actually do something about them and stick with our friends, and let them know what we're thinking, which they never realize they should thank us for.

wish i could show bertram i care. im poor so i cant do anything for him

Enter a Page.
PAGE [delivering a brisk summons]

Monsieur Parolles, my lord calls for you.

Sir, your lord is looking for you.

Your master wants you, Parolles.

boss wants u

[_Exit Page._]
PAROLLES [breezy, condescending farewell]

Little Helen, farewell. If I can remember thee, I will think of thee at

court.

Little Helena, goodbye. If I can remember you, I'll think of you at court.

Little Helen, goodbye. If I remember you, I'll think of you when I'm at court.

bye helena. ill think of you

HELENA [teasing him with backhanded flattery]

Monsieur Parolles, you were born under a charitable star.

The stars gave you a generous nature, Monsieur Parolles.

Fortune's been kind to you, Parolles.

blessed by the stars

PAROLLES [boasting of his martial birth]

Under Mars, I.

Under Mars, I.

under mars, i.

Under Mars, I.

HELENA [slyly needling his vanity]

I especially think, under Mars.

That's exactly my thought—born under Mars.

Yeah, Mars definitely shaped you.

yeah mars for sure

PAROLLES [taking the bait, missing her jab]

Why under Mars?

Why under Mars?

why under mars?

Why under Mars?

HELENA [delivering the punchline about his cowardice]

The wars hath so kept you under, that you must needs be born under

Mars.

War has kept you so occupied that you must have been born under Mars.

The wars have kept you so busy that you must have been born under Mars's influence.

youre always at war so you must be born under mars

"The wars hath so kept you under" 'Under Mars' should mean born under the planet's influence, making you a great soldier. Helena twists it: the wars have kept him under — beneath — everyone. He's been under, not over.
PAROLLES [deflecting with a feeble comeback]

When he was predominant.

When Mars was at his strongest.

When Mars had power.

when mars was strong

HELENA [topping his comeback with mockery]

When he was retrograde, I think rather.

When Mars was moving backward in the sky, I think.

When Mars was in retrograde, I think.

when mars was going backwards

PAROLLES [still not catching her meaning]

Why think you so?

What makes you believe that?

What's your reasoning?

how so

HELENA [mocking his cowardice outright]

You go so much backward when you fight.

Because you retreat so often when you fight.

Because you're always running away when you fight.

cos you run away when you fight

PAROLLES [weakly defending his retreat as strategy]

That’s for advantage.

That’s for advantage.

that’s for advantage.

That’s for advantage.

HELENA [twisting his excuse into a sharper joke]

So is running away, when fear proposes the safety: but the composition

that your valour and fear makes in you is a virtue of a good wing, and

I like the wear well.

Running away is also smart when fear is the better choice for safety: but what you combine—your courage and your fear—makes a virtue; you move well, and I like how you use it.

Running away is smart too when fear keeps you safe. But the mix of your boldness and your fear together is actually good—you move well, and I respect how you use it.

running is smart too. your fear and courage mix well. you move good

PAROLLES [brushing her off, eager to seem important]

I am so full of business I cannot answer thee acutely. I will return

perfect courtier; in the which my instruction shall serve to naturalize

thee, so thou wilt be capable of a courtier’s counsel, and understand

what advice shall thrust upon thee; else thou diest in thine

unthankfulness, and thine ignorance makes thee away. Farewell. When

thou hast leisure, say thy prayers; when thou hast none, remember thy

friends. Get thee a good husband, and use him as he uses thee. So,

farewell.

I'm so busy I can't answer you carefully. I'll come back as a perfect courtier; in that role my learning will teach you manners, so you'll be smart enough to understand courtly advice, and know what others tell you; otherwise you'll ruin yourself through ingratitude and ignorance. Goodbye. When you have time, pray; when you don't have time, remember your friends. Find a good husband and treat him as he treats you. So, goodbye.

I'm too busy to talk now. I'll come back a real courtier; when I do, I'll teach you how to act, so you'll understand when people give you advice and know what to do. Otherwise you'll destroy yourself through stupidity and ingratitude. Goodbye. Pray when you can; when you can't, think of your friends. Get yourself a good man and treat him like he treats you. See you later.

too busy. ill teach you court stuff later. find a good guy and treat him right bye

[_Exit._]
HELENA ≋ verse [resolving to take fate into her own hands]

Our remedies oft in ourselves do lie,

Which we ascribe to heaven: the fated sky

Gives us free scope; only doth backward pull

Our slow designs when we ourselves are dull.

What power is it which mounts my love so high,

That makes me see, and cannot feed mine eye?

The mightiest space in fortune nature brings

To join like likes, and kiss like native things.

Impossible be strange attempts to those

That weigh their pains in sense, and do suppose

What hath been cannot be. Who ever strove

To show her merit that did miss her love?

The king’s disease,—my project may deceive me,

But my intents are fix’d, and will not leave me.

Our cures often lie within ourselves, which we blame on fate: the powers above let us act freely; they only hold back our slow actions when we're lazy. What power makes my love so strong, that lets me see him but leaves me hungry? Nature and fortune both bring together matched pairs, and kiss as they belong. It's strange when people give up trying because they weigh their efforts and think what was lost can stay lost. But who ever tried to show her worth and failed at love? The king is sick—my plan might fail, but I have decided, and won't stop now.

We usually have the cure inside us, but we blame the stars: the powers above give us freedom; they only slow us down when we ourselves are dragging our feet. Why does love make me see him so clearly, but leave me unable to reach him? Nature brings together what matches together, and they fit perfectly. It's strange how people give up before they try, thinking what's lost stays lost forever. But anyone with real worth fighting for love will find a way. The king is ill, and my idea might not work—but I'm set on this, and I won't turn back now.

i got the cure inside me. love shows me bertram but i cant have him. maybe my plan works maybe not. im doing it

"Our remedies oft in ourselves do lie, Which we ascribe to heaven" Helena reverses the common Elizabethan fatalism — instead of 'God willing,' she says we have more agency than we admit. This is the philosophical spine of the play.
Why it matters This closing soliloquy is where the plot is born. Helena announces her intention to go to Paris, cure the king, and claim Bertram as her reward — and she frames it as a philosophy: we make our own remedies.
[_Exit._]

The Reckoning

The play begins in black. Everyone is grieving something: the Countess her husband, Bertram his father, the King his health. But Helena is grieving a different kind of loss — the gap between who she is and who she loves. When Parolles arrives and the conversation turns to virginity, we see her wit, her intelligence, and the buried plan beginning to form. The scene ends with Helena alone, deciding: she will not accept the destiny her birth has written for her.

If this happened today…

Picture the reading of a will in a law office. The family is there in black. A young woman who grew up in the house — daughter of the deceased family doctor, basically a ward — sits quietly at the back while the wealthy son prepares to leave for his prestigious internship at the family's patron's firm. Once everyone else is gone, she pulls out her phone and texts her best friend: 'I haven't been thinking about my dad at all. I've been thinking about HIM.' Then the son's obnoxious hype-man friend shows up and spends fifteen minutes explaining why being a virgin is bad investment strategy. She mostly lets him talk, asks the one question she actually wanted to ask, and then sits back down alone to work out a plan.

Continue to 1.2 →